Abstract: Two lead wires for each, connected to opposite ends of a heat generating element are secured to a holder. These lead wires form four-point-terminals at their other ends and thereby a disposable sensor is provided. A current source and a voltmeter are connected to the terminal and changes in various properties of fluid are determined on the basis of a value of current supplied from the current source and a value of voltage measured by the voltmeter.

Abstract: The temperature of one or several sensors which are electrically heated or cooled to a temperature substantially different from a stagnant or running fluid surrounding the said sensor or sensors by applying an electric current to the said sensor or sensors, and the temperature of the said fluid are measured simultaneously to calculate the temperature difference between the said sensor or sensors and the said fluid at an equilibrium state of heat transfer at the surface of the said sensor or sensors, thereby measuring a change in state of the said fluid collectively on an in-line processing basis without disturbing the said fluid; a change in this state results in a change in heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the said sensor or sensors, the coefficient being collectively correlated with the viscosity, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, coefficient of volumetric expansion, flow speed or flow direction of the said fluid at a given temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical anamorphoser and to its method of manufacture in which a bundle of fibers (3) is deformed by twisting, is imprisoned in a body (5), and is sliced along two planes (2 and 3) perpendicular to its axis (4).

Abstract: A device for measuring the average distance between the ball retainer seating rings of a ball valve comprises a flat locator plate adapted to fit into the bonnet recess of the valve body, and a downwardly depending support arm attached to the flat plate. The support arm has a first surface perpendicular to the bottom surface of the plate and a second, opposing surface which is at an angle greater than 90 degrees relative to the bottom surface of the plate. The support arm is attached to the locator plate in a position such that when the locator plate is positioned in the bonnet recess the first surface coincides with the axis of the valve body. In one embodiment, probes are threaded and extend from threaded holes in the depending arm in a direction normal to the second surface of the arm. Thumbwheels attached to the probes are utilized to adjust the probes. In a second embodiment each probe is attached to a spring loaded probe drive element within the depending arm.

Abstract: The arrangement of this invention concerns a surgical apparatus, in particular for ophthalmological use. In addition to a power beam it includes a beam of coherent visible light (29) which is transformed into at least one elementary beam (30) by means of a homogeneous light guide (21). The guide, which may be an optical fiber, is fixed to a rotating element (33) rotating about an axis (2). When the element rotates the elementary beam generates a luminous tubular beam intended to surround the power beam, the whole then being focussed by a lens to a point terminating a treatment cone with a predetermined vertex angle. The rotating element may include means for varying the diameter of the luminous tubular beam such as a transporter (39) bearing one end of the optical fiber and responding to the operation of a screw (45). The arrangement permits, on one hand to localize a point of treatment in the eye and, if necessary, modification of the vertex angle of the treatment cone.

Abstract: A simulation/generation/verification system for blocker patterns and blockers for use in radiation therapy comprises a fluoroscopic simulator apparatus, a computer system for acquisition and processing of fluoroscopic images, a manual input device for superposing blocker pattern outlines onto such images, display and storage devices for such images, apparatus for automatic cutting of blocker contour templates, blocker patterns and blockers, and apparatus for verification thereof. The system also facilitates acquisition of compensator contours and generation of corresponding compensator filters for incorporation with blockers. The system facilitates simulation, generation, and verification of blocker patterns or blockers per se in one substantially continuous procedure that minimizes intervening manual steps, while a patient is aligned within the system during an uninterrupted session.

Abstract: A cheese-like spread is prepared by homogenizing a mixture of a cheese composition and an emulsion inversion of a dairy product.

Abstract: A hard to simulate, readily distinguishable from counterfeits, optical interference authenticating device comprises a substrate, and two optical interference coatings in interfacial contact on one side of the substrate, one of the optical interference coatings being a contrast coating, the other of the optical interference coatings being a form depicting coating for depicting a form relative to the contrast coating. The optical interference coatings each comprising at least one optical interference layer the material and thickness of which has been selected for the coatings to have different, particular, known spectral reflectance and spectral transmittance characteristics from one another when viewed at a particular angle, such that the form depicting coating is visible by reflected or transmitted light of particular coloration, when viewed at the particular angle, at least in part by optical interference of light partically reflected or transmitted at the interfacial contact.

Abstract: An apparatus for unloading a container having different shelves, each filled with a plurality of stacks of trays filled with a product, such as eggs. The container is comprised of four vertical support sections and horizontal connecting sections which support the stack carrying shelves. During the unloading of the various shelves, each of which carries at least three adjacent stacks of trays, the middle stack is, preferably, first removed, and more preferably after loosening such middle stack by lifting and moving it sideways a small distance to prevent jamming of the middle stack and an adjacent stack. In one embodiment, a fork-shaped unloading device can be inserted under tunnel-shaped openings of the lowermost of a stack of trays, and the points of which are provided with switch elements or sensors.

Abstract: A re-settable apparatus for producing a signal for triggering off a safety measure on an installation with at least a pneumatic feed in response to a drop in the pneumatic feed pressure comprises a body providing an internal chamber connected by a first duct to a first orifice for connection thereof to the pneumatic feed, by a second duct to at least one member for outputting a signal for control of the triggering effect, and by a third duct to an exhaust orifice. The first duct opens into the chamber through a first seat and the third duct opens into the chamber through a second seat of larger diameter than the first seat. A valve member is mounted in the chamber movably between a first position in which it is applied against the first seat and a second position in which it is applied against the second seat, while a resilient return member between the body and the valve member urges the valve member towards its first position with a force of given intensity.

Abstract: A power shift transmission having a ratio matching feature whereby the disengagement of the transmission by moving the gearshift lever to the neutral position or by depressing the clutch pedal initiates a routine in the microprocessor controlling the operation of the transmission to calculate the ratio of the rotation of the input and output shafts of the transmission and select the gear most closely matching the calculated ratio is disclosed wherein the ratio matching routine can be manually overridden by signalling a gear change with the gearshift lever. The override feature for the ratio matching routine can be permanent for each disengagement of the transmission or temporary for the running of a timer for a predetermined length of time.

Abstract: Here is disclosed a humidifier in which a water reservoir is provided on a heat radiating side of an element having Peltier effect and said element is energized so that a quantity of water filling said reservoir is heat-evaporated by calorific power radiated from said element and water vapor thus obtained is used to protect foods, cake, dairy products etc. against drying. More preferably, a blowing fan is provided on the cooling side of the Peltier element and cooled air stream is exhausted together with the air stream containing heated stream through a common outlet. Said humidifier may be located on the outlet side of cooled air supplied form a cooling coil of a display case to avoid inconvenience that humidified air might be brought into direct contact with the cooling coil and condensated, with loss of humidified steam.

Abstract: A material for treating heavy metals and metal ions. The material contains as its main components quicklime and cement, and also contains, with respect to the quicklime and the cement, 0.05 to 0.35% by weight of potassium chloride, 0.03 to 0.20% by weight of magnesium chloride, 0.03 to 0.20% by weight of sodium chloride, 0.03 to 0.25% by weight of calcium chloride, 0.00002 to 0.01% by weight of cobalt chloride, 0.00002 to 0.01% by weight of citric acid, and 0.001 to 0.02% by weight of sodium sulfate. Harmful heavy metals and metal ions contained in effluents, slurries and sludges can be securely and inexpensively confined in a state in which they are prevented from elution. A coating of a fatty acid may be formed on the surface of the quicklime.

Abstract: Scissors for both right and left handed use include a front blade and a rear blade which are connected so that they may slidably pivot in relation to each other. A front handle and a rear handle are connected to front and rear blades, respectively, in such a manner that a finger receiving portion on each of the front and rear handles is allowed to take an upper or lower position, alternatively. With the finger receiving portion on the front handle taking the upper position while the finger receiving portion on the rear handle takes the lower position or vice versa, the scissors can cut with the opposing upper and lower cutting edges of the front and rear blades, respectively, or with the opposite lower and upper cutting edges of the front and rear blades respectively.

Abstract: A retaining device with a foam block 1 having incisions and a frame 2. On account of its flexibility the foam is able to receive various objects such as tools, appliances and other utensils and to keep these ready for use by means of adhesion. In addition, cables may be looped therein. It may also serve as a sales aid (display) and/or transport holder. It is simple to mount since it can have a self-adhesive mounting surface or be reinforced by a holder of metal, wood, plastic or another material which can be both applied by adhesion or screwed into place.

Abstract: The direction of conveyance of paper sheet is changed through an angle of 90.degree. between processing and/or handling stations. Troublefree operation is ensured and an adjustment in adaptation to different paper sizes is permitted by the provision of a guide ruler 18 which is provided with pressure-applying balls 8 which cooperate with inclined driven conveyor rollers 15. The guide ruler 18 is fixed to a receiving deck 16 and comprises a continuous guiding flange 21 which depends below the level of the apices of the rollers 15. The position of the discharge end of a feeding conveyor 14 is adjustable toward and away from the guide ruler 18 .

Abstract: The alarm arrangement is among those in which an alarm is released by the coincidence of a first contact point coupled to the going train of the timepiece with a second contact point coupled to an index the position of which may be regulated by a manual control element. In this arrangement the second contact point (68) is coupled to a member (60) fixed to a rotating shaft (58) on which are pivoted wheel sets (76, 92) of the going train which bear time indicating hands (82, 100). In a very simple case the member fixed to the rotating shaft is adjacent the timepiece hour wheel (80) and the contact points (68, 90) are borne by these two elements on their faces and facing one another. On the other hand the manual control element may be advantageously formed by the glass (16) of the timepiece which is then coupled to one of the ends of the rotating shaft and a rotatable bezel (22) to which the glass is fastened.

Abstract: Optical high-pressure transmission cells of the type used, for example, for SFC-FTIR, comprise a pressure-resistant housing part with two intersecting bores, one of them forming a fluid passage and the other one forming a light transmission path. The bore forming the light transmission path is provided with inserted windows. There is a demand in infrared spectroscopy, for supercritical fluid chromatography, for particularly pressure-resistant cells of simple design, which demand has not been satisfied heretofore. In the case of the proposed measuring cell, the windows are designed as stepped windows having central cylindrical neck portions engaging the bore serving as a light transmission path so that the chamber is delimited by end faces of the neck portions. Sealing is effected by O-rings.

Abstract: The wrist watch of this invention includes a caseband (18) and a baseplate (20) formed as a single piece to give a baseplate-caseband (10). The baseplate-caseband is entirely coated by a thin protective layer (60) of substantially constant thickness. In order to protect the portions of the caseband exposed to exterior stresses (shocks etc.) the baseplate-casband is borne by two longitudinal struts (1) fastened on either side of the caseband. These struts are provided in a manner such that they exhibit a greater resistance to said exterior stresses than does the baseplate-caseband. In particular the longitudinal struts (1) are coated with a protective layer (61) of greater thickness than the layer (60) which coats the baseplate-caseband.

Abstract: The control arrangement (13) of this invention includes a casing on which the hand (22) of a medical practitioner may rest when the position of the point of focus of a laser beam onto a place to be surgically treated is sought. The arrangement includes a roller (20) operated by the thumb (21) and a ball (23) operated by the index finger (24), the roller and the ball respectively displacing the point of focus along a first coordinate axis (Z) and along second and third coordinate axes (X Y). A push button (25) operated by the middle finger (26) controls firing of the laser beam. The arrangement is used in ophthalmology.