Abstract: A communication system including a management terminal and a plurality of communication terminals connected to a communication network via network termination unit etc., wherein the management terminal instructs the type of the status information and requests transmission of the status information or suspension of transmission of the same to the communication terminals by the user-user information in the call setup message and wherein the communication terminals receiving the request for transmission extract and hold the address information indicating the management terminal contained in the call setup message and, when detecting an occurrence of a failure or other specific phenomenon, transmit the indicated type of the status information to the management terminal by the user-user information in the call setup message while defining address information indicating the management terminal as the termination address information.

Abstract: A transmission/reception apparatus consists of a transmitter section including a gain amplifier which amplifies a gain of the transmission signal, power amplifier which amplifies the output of the gain amplifier, and transmission monitor signal extractor which extracts a transmission monitor signal from the transmission signal produced by the power amplifier, a receiver section including a coupler which couples the output of the transmission monitor signal extractor to the reception signal, low-noise amplifier which amplifies the output of the coupler, and separator which separates the output of the low-noise amplifier, and a controller including at least a gain controller which controls the gain amplifier based on a prescribed control reference and the output of the separator. The apparatus is capable of controlling the transmission output in a wide range by amplifying a weak transmission monitor signal in the receiver section.

Abstract: A state managing unit inside a line interface performs communication with a processor of both information concerning the starting and stopping of performance monitoring, and information concerning the monitoring. After entering into the state starting the monitoring, the managing unit manages by itself the state of progress of the monitoring of the performance, which state is changed by successively performing communications of OAM cells with an opposing ATM exchange, and thus autonomously executing the processing without intervention of the processor. The load on the processor is reduced and a high speed communication interface becomes unnecessary.

Abstract: A unitary, at least partially dielectric, element having formed thereon plural electromagnetic radiation reflecting surfaces, at least one of which is a total internal reflection surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser has a multiple-quantum well (MQW) structure overlying a first III-V compound semiconductor. The MQW includes a plurality of layer combinations including a strained well layer and a strained barrier layer, which are formed in a cyclic order. An ultra-thin intermediate film made of the first III-V compound semiconductor and having a thickness corresponding to from monoatomic layer to ten atomic layer is interposed between each strained well layer and each strained barrier layer. The intermediate film functions for preventing formation of mixed crystal formed between the well layer and the barrier layer, thereby improving current density threshold and other characteristics of the semiconductor laser.

Abstract: A surface emission semiconductor laser device has a semiconductor laminate mirror constituted of a plurality of pairs of InGaAS/InAlP films epitaxially grown on a GaAs or InGaAs substrate and a laser element bonded to the laminate mirror. The InAlP films of the laminate mirror are lattice-matched or not lattice-matched due to the amount of Al in the InAlP films. The laminate mirror has a high relative refractive index between the InGaAs and InAlP films and thus has a high reflectance to thereby improve the emission efficiency of the surface emission laser device.

Abstract: In a pack of substantially parallel-stacked transportable washers, at least two through-holes are provided in each washer, the two legs of a substantially U-shaped metal or plastic wire being positioned in the two through-holes of the stack of washers. The free ends of the legs projecting beyond the stack are bent over to positions oriented at approximately right angles to the respective legs. By appropriate force on the crosspiece, or on an extension, the wire is pulled back out of the stack of washers, the free ends being restraightened in the process.

Abstract: A waveguide type light receiving element (10) comprises a photodetector section (14), a photo-attenuator section (18), and an electrical isolation section (20) having a light transmission property which electrically isolates the photodetector section from the photo-attenuator section for allowing light transmission. The photodetector section comprises n-type light guide layer (28) and i-type light absorption layer (30) formed on a substrate (22), and a pair of n- and p-type light confinement layers (26 and 32) which sandwich the light guide layer and the light absorption layer therebetween, thereby forming a double hetero junction structure. The photo-attenuator section has a layer structure similar to the photodetector section except for a strained MQW layer disposed instead of the light absorption layer and has an absorption controlling electrode (16) and an electrode (40) disposed on the top and bottom, respectively, of the substrate.

Abstract: A central control unit responsible for path control collects data from a distribution/concentration unit by issuing thereto a command containing the specification of multiple data items. The command also contains the specification of a window size. Of the requested data, the distribution/concentration unit first transmits data in an amount not exceeding the window size, and then, after reception of an ACK order from the central control unit, transmits remaining data if any.

Abstract: A bottleneck path prediction/storage unit predicts a bottleneck path, that is, a logic circuit whose transmission rate is limited by a cell switching unit other than a predetermined cell switching unit, the logic circuit being one of the logic circuits which use a predetermined physical circuit in the predetermined cell switching unit. An ER computation unit sets an ER value in a resource management cell transferred through the physical circuit based on a state (number of active logic circuits) of the logic circuit which uses the physical circuit and information about the bottleneck path predicted by the bottleneck path prediction/storage unit.

Abstract: With the size precision suitable for mass production, the time and labor required for running-in of various rotating machine and apparatus such as a gear box with the bearing installed are reduced.A clearance 13 exists between the end face on the larger diameter side and the inner face 7a of the larger flange portion 7 in the state where the end face on the smaller diameter side of the tapered rollers 3 is abutted to the inner face 6a of the smaller flange portion 6. The minimum value of the size .DELTA.L of the clearance 13 is kept up to 0.3 mm. Simultaneously, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the length L of the tapered rollers 3 is kept up to 0.15 mm.

Abstract: In an apparatus for powering a television interphone monitor for communication between entrances of a building and individual apartment of the building, power is fed to the television interphone monitor which is operated by a rechargeable battery, through a transmission line which is of low cost. The apparatus includes a single entrance panel or a number of entrance panels each of which has a TV camera and a circuit for processing an electrical information signal which may include a video signal. One or a number of television interphone monitors are connected via respective transmission lines to power supply units which may be included in an entrance unit which is in turn connected to the entrance panels. The power supply units supply a regulated current to the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: In a large-area washer (1) there is an aperture for the insertion of a fastener and a bead (16) to stiffen the washer (1). To provide better engagement with a plate and/or web to be fastened, there are engagement components (13) on the underside of the washer (1) which are pressed out of the whole material of the washer (1) and project approximately perpendicularly downwards from it. The engagement components (13) are conical or truncated cones.

Abstract: An exhaust gas collecting and cleaning device for a multi-cylinder engine comprising an exhaust-gas manifold (1) constructed as a casting and an exhaust-gas cleaning device (5) mounted near the engine, attached to the exhaust-gas manifold (1) and comprising a housing (6) and at least one exhaust-gas cleaning element (14) bedded therein. A tubular section (12), which is constructed as a sheet-metal part and projects from the casting, is cast into the exhaust-gas manifold (1) at the outlet end region thereof. To this there is joined a downstream segment of the housing (6) of the exhaust-gas cleaning device (5). According to an independent embodiment, a downstream exhaust-gas guide element (such as a corrugated pipe) instead of the exhaust-gas cleaning device is joined in corresponding manner to the exhaust-gas manifold constructed as a casting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a data exchange and a data exchanging method each suitable for a communication system which tends to be congested due to high-speed communication such as a frame relay network. The data exchange that accommodates plural data terminals via terminal trunks includes a congestion status detecting unit for detecting the congestion status in a standard transit trunk, and the transit trunk control unit including a first alternate control unit that controls to transfer data to be transferred by a roundabout route using a backup transit trunk, based on detection information from the congestion status detecting unit. The purpose of the present invention is to suppress the occurrence of congestion or the frame disposal of a frame at a congestion occurrence time.

Abstract: Information, such as a calling subscriber number, is furnished to a called subscriber, regardless of the type of subscriber terminal that is accommodated by an access network, which is provided independent of a local exchange, and regardless of whether a connection is a wireless connection or a wire connection. A calling subscriber information notification system includes a local exchange, and an access network, located independent of the local exchange, for accommodating a plurality of subscriber terminals. When a call is made by one of the subscriber terminals, the access network receives, from the local exchange, a signal message including information concerning a calling subscriber terminal, and when a called subscriber has been registered for a called number notification service sends to the called subscriber, the information concerning the calling subscriber terminal that has been received from the local exchange.

Abstract: A connection switching circuit is disposed in each node of a ring system in which a first ring and a second ring are provided with two communication lines which allow data to flow in a different direction respectively and is connected with a currently used passage and preliminary passage. The connection switching circuit comprises an alarm correction reading part for generating a control signal, an alarm monitor part for outputting respective alarm detection signals, a currently used/and preliminary alarm recognition part, and a switching control signal generation part for generating a control signal for selecting a passage, wherein either the currently used passage or the preliminary passage is selected by monitoring the alarm of the data which flows on the currently used passage or the preliminary passage to connect the first ring and the second ring with each other.

Abstract: A first transmitting unit provided in a first station transmits a first optical signal to a second receiving unit provided in a second station via an optical transmission line, the first optical signal including first overhead information. A first receiving unit provided in the first station receives a second optical signal transmitted from a second transmitting unit provided in the second station via the optical transmission line, the second optical signal including second overhead information. A first inserting unit inserts first data for detecting line-disconnection troubles into the first overhead information, the data inserting being performed without causing a data amount of the first overhead information to be increased, contents of the first data for detecting line-disconnection troubles being different from contents of second data for detecting line-disconnection troubles being inserted into the second overhead information by a second inserting unit provided in the second station.

Abstract: A buffer control system is a system for implementing both a priority control process and a shaping process of cells with a hardware configuration of a small size in a network routing fixed-length packets which are respectively composed of transfer data and control information added to the transfer data, and to which priority information is assigned, according to the control information. If a cell written to an empty area of a cell buffer is a prioritized cell, and its expected output time is a time slot, an address where the cell is stored in the cell buffer is arranged in a time slot in a prioritized cell entry memory. When it reaches the time to read the cell stored in the time slot, the address stored in the time slot is written to an output list chain, and the cell is read from that address. The empty area of the buffer is managed using a free list chain.

Abstract: A switching system includes N handover runks respectively having M terminals to be independently coupled to radio transmission lines reaching M radio base stations which respectively form radio zones which become mutually adjacent zones or peripheral zones, and coupled to remote transmission lines reaching mobile stations of other parties located in the radio zones, where M and N are integers greater than one, out of the radio transmission lines, the N handover trunks selecting each transmission line with a best transmission quality and coupling the selected radio transmission lines to the remote transmission lines; a plurality of radio interfaces distributing lines independently formed between the switching system and the M radio base stations, with respect to different N paths; a radio transmission line forming unit forming radio transmission lines in advance with respect to all combinations of each of the paths subject to the distribution by the radio interfaces and each of the terminals other than the ter