Abstract: Polymeric compositions having high softening temperatures, good gas barrier properties and low creep properties are composed of an olefinically unsaturated nitrile, another monovinyl component and maleic anhydride and optionally a diene monomer.

Abstract: Compositions of the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 Te.sub.0.01-2 M.sub.0.1-3 M'.sub.0.01-3 X.sub.a O.sub.b (I)whereM is at least one of K, Rb and Cs;M' is at least one of Cu and V;X is at least one of Ba, Zn, Ga, Nb, Cd, Ti, Ca, Mg, Ta, Zr, Bi, Ce, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe and Tl when a >0;a is a number of 0 to about 2; andb is a number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present,are excellent catalysts for the oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid.

Abstract: Oxygenated organic compounds, e.g. esters, aldehydes, and amides, are prepared by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and a compound containing a replaceable hydrogen atom in the presence of a catalyst comprising cobalt or ruthenium carbonyl and a promoter ligand. The promoter ligand is selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds and phosphorus or sulfur oxides. These reactions are carried out under relatively mild conditions of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Oxole compounds, e.g. furan, are produced by contacting alkenes and/or alkadienes with molecular oxygen in the presence of an antimony catalyst.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide and air reactivity reactions occurring during carbon electrode use, can be minimized by the use of quench water treated with phosphoric acid following calcination of the coke used to make the electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is a reactor that consists of a single shell that contains a reaction zone and a regeneration zone. The reaction zone and regeneration zone are arranged in such a manner that (a) a particulate solid may be transferred by flow of gases from the regeneration zone to the reaction zone by a first route and then back to the regeneration zone by a second route; and (b) the gases passing through the regeneration zone are not transferred to the reaction zone and the gases passing through the reaction zone are not transferred to the regeneration zone.

Abstract: A process for converting plant biomass to its constituent parts of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose and further derivatives comprises treating the biomass in the anodic section of an electrochemical cell in the presence of an electrolyte solution. The rate of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis of treated biomass is enhanced.

Abstract: The process for the purification of urea containing waste streams is improved by conducting the purification in a vessel having at least one treating zone wherein the urea containing waste stream is both hydrolyzed and stripped of the products of the urea hydrolysis and other impurities found in the waste stream.

Abstract: The heavy organic material contained in the liquid bottoms from the quench column of an acrylonitrile recovery and purification system is extracted therefrom using acetonitrile as the extractant.

Abstract: Certain multiply promoted Sn-Sb oxides are superior catalysts for the ammoxidation of olefins to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, the selective oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids, and the oxydehydrogenation of olefins to diolefins.

Abstract: Vanadium-antimony catalysts have been found to be effective for the vapor phase condensation of saturated monocarboxylic acids or esters with formaldehyde, to produce unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters.

Abstract: This invention relates to a blend of a vinyl aromatic-diene block copolymer rubber and a nitrile barrier resin, and to the use of this mixture as a tie-layer to adhere a nitrile barrier resin to a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: Compositions of the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1- Te.sub.0.01-2 M.sub.0.1-3 M'.sub.0.01-3 X.sub.a O.sub.bwhereM is at least one of K, Rb and Cs;M' is at least one of Cu and V;X is at least one of Ba, Zn, Ga, Nb, Cd, Ti, Ca, Bi, Mg, Ta, Zr, Ce, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe and Tl when a>0;a is a number of 0 to about 2; andb is a number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present,are excellent catalysts for the oxydehydrogenation of saturated, lower aliphatic acids and esters to the corresponding unsaturated acids and esters.

Abstract: Catalysts particularly effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3 butadiene and mixtures thereof with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce maleic anhydride are provided which comprise an essentially inert, at least partially porous support to which is adhered on its outer surface, catalytically active mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus or of vanadium, phosphorus and uranium in an amount greater than 50% to about 80% by weight of the combined support and active oxide.

Abstract: The coextrusion device (20) of the present invention can be used with conventional extruders (24-26) and extrusion dies (90) for forming layered products (91) from at least two materials. It includes a manifold (21) for receiving a plurality of extruded feed materials (A, B, C) and a feedblock (22) receiving the feed materials from the manifold. The feedblock includes first and second faces (43, 52), entrance ports (40, 41, 42) in the first face corresponding to the number of feed materials, channel means (50, 60, 70) passing through the feedblock between the first and second faces directing each feed material into at least one separate profile, and exit ports (51, 61, 71) in the second face corresponding to the number of channel means, defining a first profile for each feed material.

Abstract: In the recovery of acrylonitrile from the gross reaction product produced during the commercial ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile, an ammoxidation waste gas containing at least 65% nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and a small amount of unreacted propylene is produced. In accordance with the invention, this ammoxidation waste gas is passed through a catalytic converter containing an oxidation or ammoxidation catalyst to convert the unreacted propylene into valuable product.

Abstract: A multi-stage evaporator is used to remove water from the extracted distillation or stripper tower bottoms recycled as quench liquid to the quench tower of an acrylonitrile purification and recovery system. This results in a significant decrease in the amount of waste quench tower bottoms produced by the system. Use of a multi-effect evaporator represents a significant energy savings as compared with other techniques for decreasing the water content of the recycle stream.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them at dehydrogenation conditions in the presence of a complex oxide catalyst comprising molybdenum, copper and tin and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Ce, Th and U. For example, an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon, e.g. ethylbenzene, can be dehydrogenated to an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon, e.g. styrene, in the presence of an oxide complex catalyst comprising molybdenum, copper, tin and at least one element selected from the group consisting of K, Cs, Ba, Mg and Ca.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved oxidation catalysts containing mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and the method for the preparation thereof, which catalysts are particularly effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3-butadiene or a mixture thereof with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce excellent yields of maleic anhydride with very good selectivity. At least one vanadium compound, a substantial portion of which is in the pentavalent state, and at least one phosphorus-containing compound is added to an organic liquid medium capable of reducing at least a portion of the vanadium to a +4 valence state, to form a reaction mixture. Partial reduction of the vanadium is effected in the presence of the phosphorus-containing compound and a highly ordered and uniform mixed vanadium phosphorus oxide-containing catalyst precursor is formed.

Abstract: Oxygenated organic compounds, e.g. esters, aldehydes, and amides, are prepared by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and a compound containing a replaceable hydrogen atom in the presence of a catalyst comprising cobalt or ruthenium carbonyl and a promoter ligand. The promoter ligand is selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic nitrogen oxide compounds and phosphorus or sulfur oxides. These reactions are carried out under relatively mild conditions of temperature and pressure.