Abstract: A tool box for small hand tools and associated items which opens up from the front as well as the top and which is provided with supporting elements for holding certain tools contained therein in an upright position. The tool box includes a bottom wall, a back wall, a pair of opposed side walls, a top cover which is hingedly connected at its back edge to the back wall and which is provided with a built-in storage compartment and a front cover which is hingedly connected at its bottom edge to a front plate and which includes a strip magnet on its inside surface on which can be mounted metal tools. A shelf having a plurality of holes into which can be inserted tools and suspended therein in an upright position is mounted inside the tool box near the top and a removable tray having adjustable compartments is seated on a shelf inside the tool box near the bottom. A pull-out drawer having adjustable compartments is located underneath the tray.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of caries in human teeth using visible luminescence. A region to be examined is excited with a beam of monochromatic light. The intensity of the visible light emitted from the region is measured at two predetermined wavelengths, one where the intensity dependence of the spectra is about the same for caries and noncaries and the other where the relative intensity increases significantly in the presence of caries. A signal corresponding to the difference in the two intensities is obtained and then displayed. By first determining the magnitude of the difference signal at a nondecayed region, any increases in the magnitude as other regions are probed indicate the presence of caries. The invention is based on the discovery that the visible luminescence spectra for decayed and nondecayed regions of a human tooth are substantially different and that the differences are such that visible luminescence from teeth can be used to detect the presence of caries.

Abstract: A circuit for mixing first and second rf signals to produce an output signal containing a beat frequency comprises a pair of switches each of which has a four diode bridge controlled by the first rf signal. The first rf signal is coupled to a balanced current divider with common mode signal rejection. Load resistors coupled to the bridges provide matched termination of the first rf signal irrespective of the conductive state of the bridges. The value of the resistors and the characteristic impedance of the drive circuit is related to the characteristics of the diodes utilized to maximize the dynamic range of the mixer. Circuitry is provided for coupling all diodes of each bridge in series with respect to the average dc component of the first rf signal and to properly terminate the average dc component. The two diode bridges are conductive and non-conductive in opposing half cycles of the first rf signal.

Abstract: A fully automatic self-propelled self-guiding lawn mower in which guidance of the lawn mower is based on the principal of a magnet following a passive ribbon or wire of ferromagnetic material. The lawn mower includes two drive wheels located on opposite sides of the vehicle. Each drive wheel is connected to a drive shaft on the vehicle through a separate solenoid controlled clutch and each drive wheel is equipped with a separate electromagnet controlled brake. The drive shaft is turned at a constant rate of speed by a battery powered electric motor. The guidance system for controlling the movement and direction of the lawn mower includes a rotably mounted bar magnet horizontally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and fixedly coupled to an electrical contact wiper arm that traverses an arcuate array of radially extending electrical contacts.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for cleaning the inside and outside surfaces of a cooking pot. The apparatus includes an upwardly extending washer-scrubber unit for washing and scrubbing the inside surfaces of the cooking pot and a downwardly extending washer-scrubber unit for washing and scrubbing the outside surfaces of the cooking pot. The upwardly extending washer-scrubber unit includes a scrubbing element mounted on a rotating sprinkler having two sets of nozzles, one set of nozzles for producing rotational movement of the sprinkler and the other set of nozzles for spray washing the inside surfaces of the cooking pot. The downwardly extending washer scrubber unit includes a scrubbing element mounted on a rotating sprinkler having spray type end nozzles. A washing machine having a plurality of the upwardly extending washer-scrubber units and a plurality of the downwardly extending washer scrubber units for cleaning a plurality of cooking pots either simultaneously or in sequence is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for electronically processing sound. An electrical signal derived from audio information is split up into two separate signal paths. The signal travelling along one path is passed through an exciter circuit and an attenuator and is then combined with the signal travelling along the other path. In one embodiment of the invention the signals travelling along the two paths are combined electronically and in another embodiment of the invention the two signals are combined acoustically. The exciter circuit is made up basically of a high pass filter and a harmonic creator. The harmonic creator is designed to create low order, odd and even harmonics of frequencies whose amplitudes are above a preselected threshold level. Two versions of the exciter circuit are disclosed, one containing vacuum tubes and the other solid state. The quality and various other characteristics of sound that is processed according to this invention are believed to be greatly enhanced.

Abstract: A light activated solid state microwave generator capable of providing radio frequency pulse bursts includes a plurality of optoelectronic switches arranged on a common substrate for simultaneous activation thereof and a plurality of distributed transmission lines connected in series and properly terminated by the switches upon activation by light.

Abstract: A device for mounting a lightweight anchor on the rail of a boat. The device is made up of a base, a pair of hooks and a clamp. The hooks are attached to the base and extend vertically downward from the base. The clamp is attached to the top of the base. The device is mounted on the rail by means of the clamp and is positioned such that one of the hooks is lower than the other hook. In use, the shank of the anchor is seated on the two hooks.

Abstract: An unconventionally thin button-type primary electrochemical cell is described in which a pair of shallow, opposed, dished cover members formed of a conductive metallic material are positioned with an electrically insulating sealing gasket therebetween so that the respective cover members may act as terminals of the primary electrochemical cell. A thin preformed porous carbon cathode disc is fitted within and in mechanical and electrical contact with the inner surface of one of the cover members and a thin alkali metal anode disk is fitted within and in mechanical and electrical contact with the inner surface of the other of the cover members. A thin porous separator of electrically nonconductive material is interposed between the anode and the cathode. A quantity of an electrolyte solution comprising a solute dissolved in an inorganic oxyhalide or thiohalide solvent is diffused throughout the porous carbon cathode and the porous separator.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell is described in which a novel granular cathode material is utilized. The cathode is formed from about 40 to 99 weight percent of carbon black, at least 1 weight percent of a binder which is inert in the primary electrochemical cell and the remainder thereof is graphite. The cathode material may be formed by mixing the individual components together with a quantity of a suitable liquid to form a uniform slurry. The slurry is then dried at room temperature to remove the liquid. The dried mixture is crumbled into fine particles. The particles are cured at an elevated temperature to stablize the binder. The resulting material when utilized as the cathode material of a primary electrochemical cell provides a porous carbon structure of high surface area in which a network of large channels exists for continual diffusion of electrolytic solution to the carbon cathodic particles throughout the entire volume of the cell cathode regardless of the cell size.

Abstract: A golf practice sighting device which is adapted to be demountably attached to the shaft of a putter for aiding a golfer in accurately aligning the putter with a golf ball and a target. The device includes a viewer containing a 45.degree. mirror. When the viewer is properly positioned the 45.degree. mirror reflects an image of the area directly in front of the putter which can be seen by the golfer when in his normal stance above the golf ball and looking down toward the golf ball. The viewer is clamped to the shaft of the club by an assembly made up of two brackets pivotally connected to each other. The viewer further includes a pair of slidably mounted gauge pins for squaring the device relative to the face of the head of the putter.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell includes a device for reactivation of the cell after long periods of storage time. The device includes a movable diaphragm embedded in the cover portion which is coupled to an ampule having retained therein the activation material. The ampule is in close proximity with the anode and cathode elements immersed in the electrolyte and upon movement of the diaphragm the ampule is caused to release the reactivation material contained therein.

Abstract: 1. An optical maser comprisingA. an optical cavity formed from a wafer of gallium arsenide having first and second contiguous p and n type regions with resistivities in the range 10.sup.-3 to 10.sup.-1 ohm-centimeter, said p region being centrally located and having an area less than the area of said n region, the surfaces of said n region remote from and opposite said p region being parallel to said p region and optically flat,B. a first metallic layer secured directly to the n region of said wafer on the surface remote from said p region, said first metallic layer being in ohmic contact with said n region and surrounding the optically flat portion of said n region,C. a second metallic layer secured directly to the p region of said wafer and being in ohmic contact therewith,D. first and second electrodes attached to said first and second metallic layers respectively, andE.

Abstract: A chock assembly for a lightweight anchor. The assembly is made up of two parts, a hollow heel shaped unit for holding the crown of the anchor and a unit having an oval ring shaped structure for holding the fluke tips and shank of the anchor.

Abstract: A lightweight anchor in which each one of the flukes is made up of two sheets of stainless steel plate stock, stacked one on top of the other and welded together. Each sheet contains a plurality of integrally formed, longitudinally extending ribs and the inner and outer edges of each sheet are bent to form upwardly extending perpendicular flanges. The crown is a generally U-shaped member made out of stainless steel plate stock. The angle of rotation of the shank relative to the flukes is limited by a pin connected to the shank and extending into angular slots in support plates attached to the flukes. A pair of stainless steel U-shaped braces made out of bar stock are rigidly connected to the flukes to prevent yawning movement of the flukes and also serve as a back up mechanism for limiting the angular movement of the shank relative to the flukes. All the surfaces on the anchor are electropolished.

Abstract: Apparatus is described for detecting the presence of a variety of electrical faults in a multi-pair shielded cable from a junction box connected to the cable at one end and to a socket connected to the cable at the other end. The apparatus includes a first module which is adapted to be connected to the appropriate set of terminals of a main junction box connected to one end of the cable and a second module which is adapted to be connected to the socket at the other end of the cable. To use the apparatus each module is connected to its respective termination. The first module includes a battery, a termination and a plurality of light emitting diodes, resistors and switches arranged to give a visual indication of faults in the form of shorts between two wires in the cable, shorts between one wire in the cable and the grounding shield and continuity between a pair of wires in the cable.

Abstract: A solid state microwave power source for providing microwave power to excite an electrodeless lamp is designed so as to provide an acceptable impedance matching characteristic during lamp warm-up when the lamp impedance is high and changing with temperature to provide sufficient power to the lamp during the running state when the lamp impedance is matched to the source. The microwave power source includes a dc power source providing power at variable levels, a microwave oscillator receiving the dc power to produce a microwave signal, and a microwave power amplifier. The oscillator has a transistor in a common base configuration, a microstrip capacitive feedback element to sustain oscillations, and an output impedance matching arrangement formed from microstrip. The microwave signal is amplified in the solid state power amplifier having a power transistor in a common base configuration.

Abstract: A washing machine for cleaning cooking pots or similar articles is disclosed. The machine includes a plurality of upwardly extending washer-scrubber units for cleaning the inside surfaces of the pots and a single downwardly extending washer-scrubber unit for cleaning the bottom outside surfaces of the pots. The pots are placed on top of the upwardly extending washer-scrubber units in an inverted position and are supported by the upwardly extending washer-scrubber units while they are being cleaned. Each washer-scrubber unit includes a brush attached to a rotating sprinkler. Three embodiments of the invention are described. In one embodiment, the upwardly extending washer-scrubber units are mounted on a pull-out tray. In another embodiment, the upwardly extending washer-scrubber units are mounted on an indexing turntable. In a third embodiment, the upwardly extending washer-scrubber units are mounted on indexing straight line conveyor chains.

Abstract: An acoustooptic modulator is disclosed in which light may be modulated while propagating through an optical fiber waveguide through the use of focussed acoustic waves. The modulator is formed by encircling a portion of the optical fiber waveguide in an optical communications system with an acoustic transducer. Due to the encircling of a portion of the waveguide by the transducer, the acoustic waves which are generated in the optical fiber waveguide material are focussed inwardly to the center so that the energy densities where acoustooptic modulation occurs are high. Therefore, the acoustic driving powers and modulation efficiencies are highly favorable.

Abstract: Improved efficacy is obtained in an electrodeless light source of the type having a high frequency electrodeless lamp disposed at the ends of inner and outer conductors of a termination fixture by evacuating the region between the lamp envelope and the outer conductor to reduce conductive and convective heat losses.