Abstract: A half wavelength resonant cavity having inner and outer coaxial conductors is coupled at one end to a dc power source, and a gas discharge electrodeless lamp is disposed in the region between the conductors at the other end of the cavity. Repetitive bursts of radio frequency oscillations occur within the cavity, the oscillations causing breakdown of the fill material within the lamp to produce light.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention comprises a method for stimulating organogenesis of explants in a tissue culture comprising the step of illuminating the explant culture during at least a portion of its differentiation stage with light having a predominate spectral emission of approximately 660nm.A second aspect of the invention includes the additional illumination of the explants with 740nm light, subsequent to an intervening period of preferably one to two weeks. The 660nm light primarily stimulates shoot formation while the 740nm light primarily stimulates root formation. The intervening period precludes photoreversibility of the initially obtained light effects.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell is described in which a novel granular cathode material is utilized. The cathode is formed from about 40 to 99 weight percent of carbon black, at least 1 weight percent of a mechanical binder which is inert in the primary electrochemical cell and the remainder thereof is graphite. The cathode material may be formed by mixing the individual components together with a quantity of a suitable liquid to form a uniform slurry. The slurry is then dried at room temperature to remove the liquid. The dried mixture is crumbled into fine particles. The particles are cured at an elevated temperature to stabilize the mechanical binder. The resulting material when utilized as the cathode material of a primary electrochemical cell provides a porous carbon structure of high surface area in which a network of large channels exists for continual diffusion of electrolytic solution to the carbon cathodic particles throughout the entire volume of the cell cathode regardless of the cell size.

Abstract: Meristematic tissue such as from shoot apices of herbaceous plants in a freezing solution containing a cryoprotectant are cooled to a temperature of at least -70.degree. C, stored when frozen and subsequently thawed at an average warming rate of at least about 24.degree. C/min when the tissue is at a temperature between about -70.degree. C and about -10.degree. C to obtain pathogen-free meristematic tissue having morphogenic potential. The donor plants from which the tissue is to be excised are cold treated to induce cellular reactions believed to be related to the winter cold hardening process, generally at a temperature between the plant freezing temperature and about 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A starting assist control circuit for an electrodeless light source in which a UV source for assisting in starting an electrodeless lamp is coupled in series with the DC supply for a microwave power source for the lamp so that a reduced DC voltage is supplied to the microwave power source at lamp starting. An electronic circuit is provided which continuously decreases the DC current through the UV source and increases the DC voltage for the microwave power source in relation to the amount of light generated by the electrodeless lamp. More specifically, the emitter and collector of a transistor are coupled across the UV source to provide a shunt path and the potential of the base of the transistor is controlled by a photosensitive resistor which senses the amount of light from the lamp. As the lamp generates increased light, the transistor becomes more conductive, thereby continuously decreasing current to the UV source and increasing voltage to the microwave power source.

Abstract: In an optical scanning apparatus for photolithographic processing of faceplates intended for color cathode ray tubes, a light beam from a source is first deflected through an angle related to a predetermined angle of incidence that an electron beam in an operating tube has with respect to a defined faceplate location, and then the deflection point is imaged onto or in the vicinity of the faceplate. This angle of incidence adjustment is accomplished for each faceplate location as the light beam is scanned over the surface of the faceplate. The light source, which is preferably a laser light source, creates a light beam having a wavelength spectrum which exposes the photosensitive material. The beam is deflected by a pair of orthogonally aligned mirrors which are rotated by galvanometers. Each galvanometer is driven by a current from an electrical control, the current being related to the proper angle of incidence for each faceplate location.

Abstract: A continuous casting process is disclosed wherein a plurality of endless flexible belts converge and travel proximate to each other in a common vertical direction to define a travelling mold cavity between the belt faces. Bar shaped products are cast if molten material is poured into the top of a downward moving cavity. Tube shaped products are cast by injection of molten material into the bottom of an upwardly moving cavity.

Abstract: A mandrel and a method for its manufacture and its use in manufacturing filament coils for electric lamps is disclosed. The mandrel, having a base core containing iron, is protected from diffusion of iron into a filament wire wound thereabout by a first coating of copper and a second coating of tungsten over the first, base metal. The process of coating the tungsten over the copper coating is improved by employing small amounts of copper ion contaminant in the electroplating solution. After a filament wire is wound around and annealed over this mandrel, the mandrel is selectively dissolved leaving the shaped filament coil, substantially free of extraneous metal impurities.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed primary electrochemical cell is described together with a method for its production which is especially useful with electrochemical systems which include an electrolytic solution having a volatile solvent material. The hermetic seal is achieved by welding a glass-to-metal seal within a single opening in the outer casing of the primary electrochemical cell. In order to avoid volatilization of the solvent material during the welding process, a temporary seal is formed within the outer cell casing immediately above the elements forming the electrochemical system so the solvent material is insulated from the heat and any volatilized solvent material is effectively prevented from escaping during the time required to complete the weld. In a preferred form of the method, the entire assembly is chilled prior to the welding step to further reduce volatilization of the solvent material.

Abstract: A closed circuit TV camera with a fixed focus lens, is used to measure the vertical displacement from and longitudinal distance from an industrial robot arm to checkered-row target pattern, i.e., a row of alternate black and white squares. The pattern is located in a fixed spatial relationship with a targeted object and is identified by the appearance of a burst of pulses in the video output during the horizontal scan. The vertical displacement of the target pattern from the optical axis of the camera is obtained by averaging the vertical deflection voltages, when the pattern is first acquired and when the pattern is just lost. The longitudinal distance to the target plane is obtained from the pulse repetition frequency within the burst, which increases linearly with distance.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells having a first central anode, a second anode in the form of a concentric annular ring disposed around the central anode, a cathode, also in the form of a concentric annular ring, positioned between the first and second anodes, but not in mechanical contact therewith, and an electrolytic solution between and in contact with the anodes and cathode. The central anode can be in the form of a cylindrical rod or, preferably, a concentric annular ring.

Abstract: A method for increasing the yield of recoverable sugar from sugar beets is disclosed, wherein the beets are illuminated during at least a portion of the night with light having a wavelength in the range of 560nm to 700nm.

Abstract: A starting assist control circuit for an electrodeless light source in which a UV source for assisting in starting an electrodeless lamp is coupled in series with the dc supply for a microwave power source for the lamp so that a reduced dc voltage is supplied to the microwave power source at lamp starting. At staring, a capacitive impedance element is coupled across the inner and outer conductors of the fixture to provide an additional starting assist by creating a condition of resonance in the fixture. A heat responsive bimetallic switch element associated with both the capacitor and the UV source automatically shorts out the UV source and decouples the capacitor after the lamp has started thereby permitting full dc power to the microwave power source during the operating condition of the lamp.

Abstract: A bonded bubble memory device includes a non-magnetic first substrate, a thin film layer of magnetic material located on a planar surface of the first substrate, the layer being adapted to sustain cylindrical wall magnetic domains, a second substrate made of a non-magnetic and non-conductive material, a desired pattern of magnetic elements and electrically conductive elements deposited on a planar surface of the second substrate, the pattern including at least three spaced points, the heights of which are equal and predetermined, the thin film layer on the first substrate being in contact with the spaced points on the second substrate so that a controlled spacing is maintained between the thin film layer and the pattern of magnetic elements. A cement composition is applied to portions of the space between the substrates to hold the substrates in a juxtaposed orientation. Advantageous methods of producing the device are also described.

Abstract: In a gain controlled television receiver the level for detecting noise in a composite video signal is increased during the synchronization pulse intervals of the signal over that during the other intervals of the signal. This level increase is controlled by a gate which is enabled during the simultaneous occurrence of a synchronizing pulse from a sync pulse separator and a flyback pulse from a deflection circuit.

Abstract: A tissue culture technique and a culture medium used therewith for asexually propagating a plurality of plants of the family Cruciferae are disclosed.According to one aspect of the invention, an excised portion of a donor plant is placed in a culture medium comprising organic and inorganic salts and a preferable concentration of 1 mg/l of Indoleacetic Acid, 0.5 mg/l of Kinetin and 40 mg/l of Adenine Sulfate. The medium induces the simultaneous initiation of buds and roots by the explant to form a plurality of plantlets which may be transplanted into soil for the timely initiation of food and medicinal crops.In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, the pre-culture storage of the requisite plant part in a convenient, disease-free, and pest-free manner is disclosed whereby callus from the excised portion of the donor plant is maintained on a first medium for subsequent transfer to the medium described above.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is disclosed having an internal circuit which is interrupted by a switch that is responsive to both excessive cell temperature and pressure. The switch preferably comprises a bimetallic strip mounted in the space between the cell cover and case and is electrically connected between one of the cell electrodes and its associated terminal. The bimetal undergoes temperature-induced distortion to open-circuit the cell and is additionally responsive to the movement of a pressure diaphragm, which forms a part of the cell case wall, to open-circuit the cell in the event of excessive pressure. The cell is automatically reactivated when the excessive condition has dissipated.

Abstract: A holographic digital data processing system is described in which the data is stored holographically in a recording medium with the data insertable and retrievable in a sequential manner. A modulated data beam and a similarly modulated reference beam are passed through various deflectors to intersect at the recording medium to form the local holographic pattern. The location in the recording of the intersection is controlled by a page deflector which deflects both beams through the same angle and the angle of intersection is controlled by a data deflector which deflects only the data beam. Therefore, each data bit is recorded with a distinct angular relationship between the interfering data and reference beams. During reconstruction, the reference beam is occluded and the data beam is passed through both the data deflector and the page deflector to intersect the recording medium at the unique address of a single bit of digital data which is desired to be read out.

Abstract: An automatic gain control circuit provides a high gain signal representative of the difference in amplitude between the synchronizing pulses of a composite video signal and a predetermined reference level. A common emitter transistor provides high gain amplification of the composite video signal, the emitter of this transistor being biased at the reference level via a voltage reference source. The collector of this transistor is coupled to an emitter follower transistor whose output signal is filtered to produce the gain control signal. A controlled positive feedback signal from the emitter of the second transistor amplifier is coupled to the emitter of the first transistor amplifier, and by matching the feedback resistor to the collector bias resistor of the common emitter transistor, the emitter of this transistor is at a virtual ground thereby providing a high gain.

Abstract: This application describes the addition of an alkali metal, generally in the form of a salt thereof, to a mixture of silver and cadmium oxide, prior to the sintering step, to improve the as-sintered densities of the resultant alloy material.