Abstract: A mat material suitable for use for reinforcing plastics, as an upholstery material, filter material and various other purposes is made by melt spinning a synthetic polymeric material onto a moving embossed surface where the filaments become melt fused together at mutual points of contact. A gas or gas producing substance is mixed with the melt prior to extrusion to produce a plurality of adjacent, separate, discontinuous cavities in the filament.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making precipitated biconstituent nylon-polyvinyl alcohol shaped articles by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and a nylon having an amide group index of less than about 145 in a mixture of a tertiary amine oxide solvent and water, with the solution containing from about 3.0 to about 11% water, to form a biconstituent dispersion wherein the nylon and the polyvinyl alcohol comprise distinct separate phases. Shaped articles can be formed from the biconstituent dispersions of the invention.

Abstract: A regenerated cellulose fiber containing an alloying polymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or a copolymer containing acrylic and methacrylic acid moieties or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof or other anionic alloying polymers or copolymer is prepared by a process wherein the alloying polymer is mixed with a viscose solution of known unreacted sodium hydroxide concentration, the sodium hydroxide concentration in the resulting mixture is increased to compensate for any loss in concentration due to neutralization and/or dilution effects by the addition of the alloying polymer to the viscose. Increasing the sodium hydroxide concentration greater than that required to restore the concentration to the original level has resulted in dramatic increases in absorbency.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyester polyether segmented copolymers wherein the polyether segment contains a certain amount of heterocyclic ring repeat units, for example, the hydantoin ring. These polyester polyether segmented copolymers are useful in the production of fibers, films or other extrusion moldings where elastomeric properties are desirable.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for treating the surface of cellulosic shaped products such as fibers, films filaments, yarns and the like, formed from a spinning dope of a solution of cellulose in amine oxide, by applying to the surface of the product a nonsolvent liquid that will reduce the solvent action of the amine oxide for cellulose at the surface of the product.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making precipitated biconstituent nylon-cellulose shaped articles by dissolving a nylon having an amide group index of less than about 145, in a mixture of a tertiary amine oxide solvent and water, containing from about 0.5% to about 11% water based on the weight of the solution; separately forming a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine oxide solvent containing from about 0.8 to about 29% water based on the weight of the solution and then interdispersing the two solutions to form a biconstituent dispersion. Shaped articles can be formed from the biconstituent dispersions of the invention.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making precipitated biconstituent cellulose-polyvinyl alcohol shaped articles by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose in a tertiary amine oxide solvent containing from about 0.8 to about 29% water to form a biconstituent dispersion wherein the cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol comprise distinct phases, preferably with the two solutions codispersed within each other. Shaped articles can be formed from the biconstituent dispersions of the invention.

Abstract: Polyesters containing a freely or chemically incorporated heat stabilizing agent which is a phosphonate of the chemical formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be identical or different and describe an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and in which X represents ##STR2## in amounts representing 10 to 400 ppm phosphorus.

Abstract: A low density matting structure of improved transverse strength obtained by vertically laying continuous melt-spun thermoplastic macrofilaments (diameter=0.1-1.5 mm) onto a horizontally moving profiled support in overlapping rows of irregularly looped filaments to form a peak and valley three-dimensional structure undulating in its longitudinal and/or transverse directions. The matting articles consist essentially of the melt-spun filaments which are self-bonded or fused at random points of intersection without using any bonding agent or reinforcing inserts, and the resulting matting is especially distinguished by a high transverse strength per unit of surface weight of at least 2 Nm/g and preferably 4 Nm/g.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making certain precipitated nylons by dissolving a nylon having an amide group index of less than 145, in a mixture of a tertiary amine oxide solvent and water. The nylon solutions of the invention contain from about 0.5% to about 11% water. Shaped articles can be formed from the solutions of the invention.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making precipitated hydroxyethyl cellulose by dissolving a hydroxyethyl cellulose having a molar substitution of less than 1.0, and a degree of substitution of less than about 0.64 in mixture of water and a tertiary amine oxide solvent, to provide a solution containing from about 10% to about 28% water. Shaped articles can be formed from the solutions of the invention.

Abstract: A solution containing cellulose dissolved in a tertiary amine N-oxide solvent containing a nonsolvent for cellulose such as water is shaped by extrusion or other shaping process to form a shaped cellulose fiber, rod, plate, tubing or film. The extruded shaped article is stretched in air while still a solution to impart improved physical properties thereto and the cellulose is precipitated from the shaped solution to set the properties without additional drawing. The solution may be prepared by dissolving cellulose in the tertiary amine N-oxide solvent in the barrel of an extrusion apparatus, extruding the solution, orienting by stretching the resulting product in air while still a solution and then precipitating the cellulose from the shaped article before significant degradation of the cellulose. The cellulose and tertiary amine N-oxide may be ground to substantially the same particle size before charging the extruder barrel.

Abstract: Highly absorbent cellulosic fibers are made by incorporating therein from 2%-35% based on the weight of cellulose of a polymerized acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid or a copolymer of acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid with any one or combination of other polymerizable hydrophilic monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile and the like.

Abstract: Cardable cellulosic fibers having improved water and fluid absorbency are made by incorporating therein an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid prepared by a process wherein the two monomers are mixed together in ratios during the polymerization so that the amount of copolymer chains substantially richer in methacrylic acid moieties than the total ratio of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid monomers included in the copolymerization process and the number of copolymer chains considerably lower in degree of polymerization than the copolymer average are minimized.

Abstract: Fibrillatable multicomponent fibers of the matrix segment type and a process for production of fiber structures by splitting shrinkable, basically unset, multi-component fibers consisting of at least two incompatible components which in the fiber cross section are arranged in the form of a matrix and several segments, the latter accounting for about 20% to 80% of the total cross section. After having been processed into fiber structures such as staple fibers, yarns or fabrics, the multicomponent fibers are treated with a liquid or gaseous organic solvent, particularly chlorinated lower alkanes, to partially or completely split the segment filaments from the matrix component. Useful solvents are those which will reduce the zero-shrinkage temperature of the matrix or the segment polymer by at least 160.degree. C. and in which the polymer components constituting the fiber show different shrinkage behaviour. Splitting may be further enhanced by the application of mechanical agitation, e.g. by ultrasonic waves.

Abstract: Manufacture of a non-woven web of man-made filaments in which one or more strands of filaments, directed parallel to each other, leaving one or more spinnerets are forwarded, each, by means of an air jet to a spreading plate for the filaments, and the resulting layer of spread filaments and air leaves the plate and advances to a moving support, upon which the filaments are deposited randomly to form a web which will then be bonded in known manner. In order to improve the isotropy of the web, the layer of spread filaments and air is guided to a fixed deflector plate forming a slit with the discharge edge of the stationary spreading plate, said slit allowing passage of the filaments but braking the air carried along with the filaments, and the layer is then subjected to an air jet directed transversely to the path of said deflected web and generally in a direction parallel to the surface of the moving support.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulose products containing formaldehyde cross linked sodium lignate or sodium lignosulfonate in an amount of from about 1% to about 40% by weight based on the weight of the cellulose in the product are prepared by mixing one of the cross linked lignin derivatives or a mixture thereof substantially uniformly in a viscose solution and extending the solution into a spin bath in which the extruded viscose streams coagulate into filaments containing the cross linked lignin derivative. The extended regenerated product may be used as a fiber in absorbent cellulose products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons and the like.

Abstract: Flame retardant films and fibers of zinc chelates of terephthaloyl-terephthalic/oxalic copolyhydrazides, the oxalic dihydrazide and terephthalic dihydrazide units having a molar ratio in the range of 19:6 to 6:19. The products aftertreated with an oxalic acid solution are colorless.

Abstract: A mat material suitable for use for reinforcing plastics, as an upholstery material, filter material and various other purposes is made by melt spinning a synthetic polymeric material onto a moving embossed surface where the filaments become melt fused together at mutual points of contact. A gas or gas producing substance is mixed with the melt prior to extrusion to produce a plurality of adjacent, separate, discontinuous cavities in the filament.

Abstract: The invention relates to new copolyester polymers which are high molecular weight copolyesters of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, dimer acid and polyoxyethylene glycols and to films, fibers and filaments made from these copolyesters. The copolyesters contain about 2 to 4% by weight of dimer acid and about 1 to 3% by weight of polyoxyethylene glycol. Fibers and yarns processed from these copolyesters have markedly improved affinity for disperse dyes.