Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided which permits mobile computers equipped with modems for cellular telephone systems to obtain various classes of data communication services, as well as voice service, including taking part in local-area networks. The LAN's may be composed of conventional LANS in establishments or of other mobile computers. In this way, mobile computers can take part in mainstream client-server computing and also establish wireless LANs using the cellular telephone system.

Abstract: In a mobile cellular communication system, a base station is wired to a Local Area Network (LAN), and has wireless communication with a plurality of mobile stations. Multipath fading is substantially reduced in the system by utilizing antenna diversity techniques at the base station and each of the plurality of mobile stations. The combination of the independent operation of antenna selection diversity at both a base station and a mobile station results in the selection of the best propagation path between the two stations.

Abstract: An online handwritten character recognition system which performs the narrowing of candidates for handwritten character recognition quickly and very accurately by simple processing of a small amount of operations. A predetermined characteristic amount is extracted for each stroke, a characteristic amount word is created having a binary value of 1 only in one or more bit positions corresponding to selected values of the characteristic amount, an AND operation is performed bit-by-bit between the reference word of the corresponding stroke of the character of interest, and it is determined if all the bits of the results of the AND operation are zero. If the number of binary values of the results of the zero-determining operation for all the strokes of the character of interest exceeds a threshold, it is judged to be a candidate.

Abstract: A line space baseline adjuster in a handwriting recognition system achieves improved recognition accuracy by normalizing the Cartesian coordinates of the writings captured by a digitizer to coincide with prototype character space. The normalization techniques include weighted average estimation, prototype extraction estimation, extreme point clustering estimation and a combination of prototype extraction estimation and extreme point clustering estimation.

Abstract: A control system for automated management of frequency-hopping in a radio network. The system includes a Wireless Network Manager (WNM) or Controller and a Wireless Control Agent (WCA), which control the distribution and maintenance of hopping patterns in the radio network. In a single cell network, the WNM and the WCA are included in a single base station. In a multiple cell network, the WNM is in a specific station on a LAN, and a WCA is located in each base station on the LAN. In each instance, the WNM is a centralized managing station and the WCA acts as a cell controller.

Abstract: In a wireless infrared communications system, a technique for encoding data for serial transmission and the correlative technique for decoding the transmitted data. A data transmission period is divided into a plurality of slots. In a given pair of slots, the first slot comprises a gray code sequence of bits and a check bit, and the second slot comprises the same gray code sequence of bits and the complement of the check bit in the first slot. The last slot in a transmission time period comprises a guard slot to separate transmission time periods. A decoder receives the encoded data, and for a given slot derives calculated data for the slot from the gray code sequence of bits and the check bit. The check bit for the given slot is compared with a calculated check bit of the previous slot to determine if a predetermined relationship exists.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a single table is utilized to provide bi-directional conversion between a first graphics format such as a Computer Metafile (CGM) used on a personal computer, and a second graphics format such as a Graphics Data Format (GDF) used on a host computer. The table is accessed through the use of keywords and paired attributes of the respective graphic formats.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for automatic recognition of handwritten text based on a suitable representation of handwriting in one or several feature vector spaces(s), Gaussian modeling in each space, and mixture decoding to take into account the contribution of all relevant prototypes in all spaces. The feature vector space(s) is selected to encompass both a local and a global description of each appropriate point on a pen trajectory. Windowing is performed to capture broad trends in the handwriting, after which a linear transformation is applied to suitably eliminate redundancy. The resulting feature vector space(s) is called chirographic space(s). Gaussian modeling is performed to isolate adequate chirographic prototype distributions in each space, and the mixture coefficients weighting these distributions are trained using a maximum likelihood framework. Decoding can be performed simply and effectively by accumulating the contribution of all relevant prototype distributions.

Abstract: A handwriting recognition system in which a user, on-line can reduce similarity between different prototypes. The user interactively can delete a prototype or add a new prototype, while at the same time is not allowed to delete a prototype when it is the only prototype for a given character.

Abstract: In an initial set up sequence, N pels of an original image are stored in N memory positions of an input buffer. The N pels are converted to M pels, which are stored in M memory positions of an output buffer, where M and N are integers larger than 0. In the case of N<M, an enlargement of the original image is made, and in the case of N>M, a reduction of the original image is made. An address counter pointing to an address of a memory position of the input buffer is initially reset to 0. An address counter pointing to an address of the memory position of the output buffer is also reset to 0. The values -N, M, and an initial sum value S (where S is integer satisfying -N.ltoreq.S<M) are initially stored in three registers, respectively. The initially stored sum value S is repeatedly updated to control the scaling up operations or the scaling down operations. There is a first device which determines or checks whether the sum value is negative, or not.

Abstract: An elastic-matching alignment technique for providing an averaged prototype in a handwriting recognition system that improves the alignment of parametric representations of recognized characters to be averaged. The point-to-point correspondence resulting from an elastic match of two characters is obtained by using backpointers during the calculation of the match. A character is added to a prototype set if it is new or is not correctly recognized within a fixed threshold. Otherwise, the character is averaged into the closest prototype of its class to provide a new average prototype.

Abstract: A display system for converting N bit signals, each representing 2.sup.N gray levels, to M bit signals representing 2.sup.M gray levels, where N is an integer larger than or equal to 2 and M is an integer satisfying N>M.gtoreq.1. Each of the N bit signals are separated into higher M bits and lower N-M bits. There are 2.sup.N-M tables, each of which stores a distinctive set of P.times.Q modification values satisfying P.times.Q.gtoreq.2.sup.N-M. One of the tables is selected using the N-M bits. Unequality between a first set of modification values and a second set of modification values of the selected table are detected. The first set of modification values and the second set of modification values are exchanged to generate a modified table of the selected table. The M bits of one N bit signal and each of the modification values of the selected table are added to generate a first set of P.times.Q M bit signals.

Abstract: A device providing pointing device functions in a keyboard without requiring the keyboard operator to remove any fingertip from the keys. A computer keyboard keyswitch mounting plate is supported for horizontal displacement against a resistive force. A transducer for measuring the force exerted in the plane of the keyboard key tops is attached between the keyboard case and the keyswitch mounting plate. The direction and magnitude of the force can be measured and encoded so they may be used to emulate the signals generated by a pointing device. The operator may elect a pointing device mode by merely applying sufficient force along the plane of the surface of the key tops, thus switching from a keyboard mode to a pointing device mode, without moving the fingers from a typing position.

Abstract: A provided logic circuitry implementation in a given technology includes n signals and m nodes. A final logic circuitry implementation is produced therefrom which is the functional equivalent of, and contains fewer connections than, the provided logic circuitry implementation. A given one of the n signals is first processed, and global information is computed for this signal. A graphical representation of connections between the m nodes is derived from the computed global information. A list of nodes that form a cut-set is produced from the graphical representation, and an optimized logic circuitry implementation is provided as a function thereof. Each of the remaining ones of the n signals are processed sequentially, as above, to form successive optimized logic circuitry implementations, with the processing of the nth signal resulting in the final logic circuitry implementation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conserving battery power in a wireless link adapter of a battery operated computer such as a portable laptop computer, as controlled by a scheduled multiaccess protocol. The portable computer is operable as a mobile unit in a multi-cell wireless network. The scheduled access multiaccess protocol is implemented to effectively conserve battery power by suitable control of the state of the controller, the transmitter and receiver units at the wireless link adapter by scheduling when the adapter is in a normal running mode, or a standby mode in which power is conserved.

Abstract: A video merging system includes apparatus for decoding incoming composite video signals into their constituent components, a memory for storing a signals temporarily to synchronize such signals with an output device, and a multiplexor for combining the synchronized signals for application to the output device. An analogue to digital converter (ADC) is arranged to convert incoming composite video signals into digital form, a digital memory is arranged to receive the digital output of the ADC, and a decoder is provided to sample the contents of this memory under the control of timing signals synchronized with the output device to develop synchronized digital samples relating to the incoming composite video signals. These digital samples are then transferred to the multiplexor to enable the multiplexor to develop a single output data stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dynamic hardware tracer for use in a circuit. The circuit is comprised of real circuitry which performs a real function and the tracer. The tracer is comprised of functional tracer circuitry which receives input signals from the real circuitry and processes the input signals. The functional tracer circuitry does not interact with the real circuitry to contribute to or modify the real function of the circuit. The dynamic hardware tracer provides an indication of a copied circuit. The present invention also relates to a dynamic software tracer located within a piece of software. The dynamic tracer is comprised of at least one line of software tracer code imbedded in a block of real software code. The at least one line of software tracer code interacts with a tracer output signal from tracer circuitry located in a circuit which also includes real circuitry which produces real output signals providing a real function.

Abstract: A wireless communications network includes a local area network connected to a plurality of nodes which perform bidirectional wireless communication with mobile stations as controlled by a controller. Each node has a geographic area, termed a cell, within which mobile stations can communicate with the node associated with the cell. A cell interference graph is read into the controller, and a maximal independent set of nodes is determined. Each node in the maximal independent set of nodes is put in a set termed ACTIVE for performing wireless communication with mobile stations in their respective cells. Nodes which are not in the maximal independent set of nodes is put in a set termed WAITING to wait for permission to enter the set ACTIVE. A node in the set ACTIVE which has completed communications sends a completion signal to the controller.

Abstract: A computing system including a host processor and at least one intelligent subsystem having attached devices, has two interrupt ports. The one intelligent subsystem and the attached devices are each viewed as a logical device by the host processor, and each is assigned a device identification number. The host processor provides direct and indirect commands to the logical devices. For direct commands, first physical interrupts are provided to the host processor serially from the logical devices through an Interrupt Status Port. For indirect commands, logical interrupts are stored in predetermined bit positions in a Device Interrupt Indentifier Port (DIIP) in accordance with the device identification numbers. A second single physical interrupt is provided to the host processor as long as there is at least one logical interrupt pending from at least one logical device as the result of an indirect command.

Abstract: A Command interface includes ports for transferring information between a host processor and at least one intelligent subsystem which may have attached devices. A Command Interface port receives either a direct command or an indirect command from the host processor, which commands are indicative of a type of operation to be performed by the one subsystem or an attached device. An Attention port receives a code from the host processor which is indicative of which one of the direct command or the indirect command is received at the Command Interface port, and which is also indicative of which of the one intelligent subsystem or a device is to execute the command. A command busy/status port receives a code from the one intelligent subsystem which is indicative of whether or not the Command Interface port and the Attention port are busy, and whether or not the one intelligent subsystem is accepting or rejecting commands. The host processor can read this port without altering or updating the code.