Abstract: Aqueous antimicrobial compositions which comprise a halogenated amide antimicrobial, such as 2,2-dibromonitrilopropionamide, a water miscible organic solvent such as a straight chain polyalkylene glycol (e.g., polyethylene glycol 200) or an ether thereof (e.g., a mono- or di- lower alkyl and/or phenyl ether) and water are stabilized against decomposition of the halogenated amide antimicrobial by the addition of a quaternary salt stabilizer, such as methyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide, benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide, etc. The compositions, so stabilized, exhibit reduced rates of decomposition of the halogenated amide antimicrobial relative to the corresponding non-stabilized aqueous compositions.

Abstract: Improved aqueous vinylidene chloride copolymer latexes are provided in which the dispersed polymer particles are heterogeneous and comprise from about 35 to about 75 weight percent of polymerized vinylidene chloride. The heterogeneous polymer particles of such latexes contain a major amount of a soft copolymer core comprising vinylidene chloride and an aliphatic conjugated diene. Such particles also contain a minor amount of a polymeric shell which encompasses the core portion and which consists essentially of (a) a monomer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic conjugated dienes, monovinylidene aromatic monomers and saturated aliphatic esters of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids; (b) optionally, up to about 30 weight percent (based upon the shell) of vinylidene chloride; and (c) optionally, up to about 10 weight percent based upon such shell of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Novel low molecular weight interpolymers containing pendant lower alkyl capped poly(oxyethylene)ether groups are effective as aqueous dispersing agents for particulate matter and are particularly effective for difficult-to-disperse, finely divided inorganic solids such as precipitated calcium carbonate and satin white. The interpolymers comprise, in polymerized form, (1) an alkenyl benzyl ether of an ethoxylated lower alkane compound, which ether has the formula: ##STR1## (wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.1 is lower alkyl and m is a positive integer greater than 1) with (2) a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated acid such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc., or a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride such as maleic anhydride and (3) a hydrophobic monomer such as styrene.

Abstract: Aqueous latexes of heterogeneous polymer particles comprising (1) a soft interpolymer domain of a monovinylidene aromatic monomer, such as styrene, an open chain aliphatic conjugated diene, such as 1,3-butadiene, and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, and (2) a hard resinous polymer domain (e.g., polystyrene) are useful binders for pigmented paper coatings having an improved combination of properties.

Abstract: Novel esters of the formula: ##STR1## promote char formation in polymer compositions containing a monovinylidene aromatic monomer, such as styrene, and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic anhydride, such as maleic anhydride. In such esters, R is an n-valent tertiary hydrocarbyl radical, an n-valent tertiary chlorohydrocarbyl radical, an n-valent tertiary hydrocarbyl radical containing at least one chain linkage of oxygen or an inertly substituted n-valent tertiary hydrocarbyl radical containing at least one bromine atom.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer microsuspensions having controlled particle size and narrow particle size distribution are prepared by a continuous process comprising the steps of (a) forming a heterogeneous composition having a discontinuous aqueous phase and a continuous polymer phase; and (b) converting the resulting polymer-continuous heterogeneous composition to a water-continuous heterogeneous composition.

Abstract: Alpha-diketones, such as 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione and 1-propyl-1,2-butanedione, are prepared by reacting an acylmethyl ester of a carboxylic acid (e.g., benzoylmethyl acetate or butanoylmethyl propionate) with an aldehyde, such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, in the presence of an acid catalyst and water. Such alpha-diketones are also obtained by first refluxing a mixture of an alpha-haloketone and a carboxyl anion source and then reacting the mixture with an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst and water.

Abstract: Efficient lignin removal from cellulosic pulp with decreased cellulose degradation is attained by replacing chlorine with an acidic bromine-chlorine mixture in acidic chlorination of the pulp.

Abstract: Novel sulfonium compounds are described herein which correspond to the formula ##STR1## The sulfonium compounds are useful corrosion inhibitors in acidic cleaning solutions.

Abstract: The rate of photochlorination of methyl aromatic compounds, such as toluene, cresol, xylene, toluenesulfonyl chloride, methylnaphthalene, diphenylmethane, etc., is increased when carried out in the presence of bromine.

Abstract: Esters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an n-valent tertiary hydrocarbyl radical or an inertly substituted n-valent tertiary hydrocarbyl radical, promote char formation in polymer compositions containing a monovinylidene aromatic monomer, such as styrene, and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic anhydride, such as maleic anhydride.

Abstract: N-(2-alkoxyethyl)alkanamides, such as N-(2-ethoxyethyl)ethanamide and N-(2-methoxyethyl)propanamide, are prepared by reacting a 2-oxazoline with methanol or ethanol in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide. Subsequent hydrolysis of such amides provides a convenient means for obtaining 2-alkoxyethyl amines.