Abstract: A method for making an aqueous polyurethane-vinyl polymer dispersion which comprises:(a) forming a carboxy-containing, water-dispersible, isocyanate terminated polyurethane prepolymer,(b) adding a vinyl monomer composition which includes a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer to the prepolymer to form a prepolymer/monomer mixture,(c) adding a tertiary amine to the prepolymer/monomer mixture,(d) dispersing the prepolymer/monomer mixture in water,(e) adding an oil soluble free radical initiator and a chain-extender to the aqueous dispersion, and(f) polymerizing the vinyl monomer and completing chain extension of the prepolymer by heating the aqueous dispersion.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
April 26, 1991
Date of Patent:
December 22, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Bheema R. Vijayendran, Richard Derby, Bruce A. Gruber
Abstract: A high water, high resiliency polyurethane foam composition comprising polyisocyanate, conventional polyol, polymer polyol, diethanolamine, silicone surfactant, water and catalyst, the improvement which comprises a cycloaliphatic diamine of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, and a catalyst composition consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.3 parts gel catalyst and 0.075 to 0.5 parts acid-blocked blowing catalyst, per 100 parts polyol.
Abstract: Blends of polymers of vinyl acetate and polymers derived from acrylic acid have been discovered which exhibit thermodynamic miscibility. These polymer blends exhibit excellent mechanical compatibility, provide enhanced toughness and strength superior to the sum of the weight averaged properties of the constituent polymers and are useful in molding structures such as films and in compounded formulations such as coatings, emulsions and adhesives.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 26, 1990
Date of Patent:
December 15, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Jeffrey A. Kuphal, Lloyd M. Robeson, Dennis Sagl
Abstract: The invention describes a highly efficient catalytic pollution control process for removing N.sub.2 O from gaseous mixtures. The catalytic process, which is substantially unaffected by the presence of oxygen, comprises contacting an N.sub.2 O-containing gaseous mixture with a catalyst comprising a crystalline zeolite which, at least in part, is composed of five membered rings having a structure type selected from the group consisting of BETA, MOR, MFI, MEL and FER wherein the crystalline zeolite has been at least partially ion-exchanged with a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and palladium under conditions sufficient to convert the N.sub.2 O into gaseous nitrogen and gaseous oxygen.
Abstract: Method and apparatus for quick freezing particles with surface moisture by immersion in liquid cryogen to produce a frozen crust or layer on the particles followed by agitation in content with the vaporized cryogen to complete freezing and prevent clumping of the particles.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 7, 1991
Date of Patent:
December 8, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Edward F. Kiczek, Earl W. Moore, David L. Mitchell, Jr., Kevin S. McAfee
Abstract: A dispenser for cryogenic liquid comprising a vacuum insulated vessel (2) which is provided with a dispenser tube (10). The dispenser tube (10) is heated in use by an electric heater (11). Sufficient heat is supplied to achieve film boiling on the inner surface of the dispenser tube (10). Flow of cryogenic liquid from the vacuum insulated vessel (2) into the dispenser tube (10) is controlled by a tapered valve member (14) which is biased downwardly by a spring (15) and which is connected to a permanent magnet (16) disposed in a coil (17). The tapered valve member (14) can be driven upwardly or downwardly according to the sense in which a direct current is applied to the coil (17). A gas relief tube (18) is provided to vent gas from the dispenser tube (10) intermediate the tapered valve member (14) and the outlet of the dispenser tube (10). The gas relief tube (18) conveys gas to the space above the cryogenic liquid, for example liquid nitrogen, in the vacuum insulated vessel (2).
Abstract: Improving the connective heat transfer of a tunnel type cryogenic freezer by positioning the circulating fan blades upside down and closer to the articles moving through the tunnel.
Abstract: This invention relates to an improved distillation process for recovering exceptionally light gases, e.g. hydrogen, neon, and helium from gas streams containing higher boiling components, e.g., nitrogen and C.sub.1-2 hydrocarbons. The improvement resides in partially condensing a vapor obtained from a top section in a distillation system thereby concentrating light gases in a vapor phase and concentrating heavier components in the liquid phase. The uncondensed vapor phase rich in light gases is separated from the condensed phase and recovered as product or processed further to further concentrate the light gases. In addition, at least a portion of feed which is to be introduced to the column is cooled against liquid in a bottom section of the distillation system of the column to generate boilup and remove essentially all traces of light gases from the liquid. A purified liquid substantially free from light gases is removed from the bottom of the column.
Abstract: A stain resistant polyvinyl chloride covered polyurethane foam article in which the polyurethane foam is made using a tertiary amine catalyst composition in which the amine functionality is 10-40 mole % neutralized with an acid composition consisting essentially of 10-100 mole % strong acid and 0-90 mole % weak acid.
Abstract: An amine-boron composition for catalyzing the urethane reaction, particularly in preparing a polyurethane foam, consisting essentially of the addition product of a tertiary amine and a boron compound of the formulaR.sub.n B(OH).sub.3-nwheren=0 or 1, andR=C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl.Preferred catalysts are prepared by mixing triethylenediamine or 3-quinuclidonol with boric acid.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 20, 1992
Date of Patent:
November 24, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Ann C. L. Savoca, Michael Louie, Mark L. Listemann
Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement to a cryogenic process for the separation of air into its constituent components. In the process, a distillation column system having at least two distillation columns, a high pressure distillation column and a low pressure column is used; these two distillation columns are in thermal communication with each other. The low pressure column of the distillation column system operates at a pressure between 9 to 75 psig and a nitrogen product is produced from the top section thereof. At least 50% of the air to the distillation column system is removed as this nitrogen product, which has a nitrogen concentration of at least 95% and is at a pressure of at least 9 psig.The improvement to the process is a series of steps which allows for the production of liquid products from the cryogenic process in an efficient manner.
Abstract: The present invention is an improvement to a process for the separation of air into its constituent components in a cryogenic distillation column system having a high pressure column and a low pressure column which are thermally integrated with each other. The improvement for producing both nitrogen and oxygen products at a medium pressure comprises the following steps: (a) operating the low pressure column at a pressure of between 10 to 75 psig and the high pressure column at a pressure which is about 60 to 160 psi higher than the low pressure column; (b) removing and subsequently warming at least a portion of the lower pressure nitrogen overhead from the top of the low pressure column and recovering the warmed, lower pressure nitrogen overhead portion as medium pressure gaseous nitrogen product; and (c) recovering medium pressure gaseous oxygen product from the low pressure column. There are two alternative ways to recover the medium pressure oxygen product of step (c).
Abstract: A coconut shell char having a high oxygen volumetric capacity is provided by crushing and sizing coconut shells to form granules which are then heated in flowing inert gas at a temperature ramp rate of about 2.degree. to 12.degree. C. per minute to a peak temperature of 775.degree. to 900.degree. C. which is then held so that the total heating time is up to 8 hours and thereafter the granular char is cooled in an inert gas atmosphere. The granular char thus produced is oxygen selective in air separation without further modification to narrow the openings of its micropores and has an oxygen volumetric capacity in excess of 8.0 cc/cc. Further modification of this char is provided by contacting it with an oxidizing atmosphere of carbon dioxide or a mixture of inert gas and carbon dioxide, H.sub.2 O or O.sub.2 at temperatures ranging from 650.degree. to 900.degree. C. until the gasified char has been altered so that its volumetric oxygen capacity is greater than 9.0 cc/cc.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 23, 1991
Date of Patent:
November 17, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Thomas S. Farris, Charles G. Coe, John N. Armor, Joan M. Schork
Abstract: Ultra-fine polymeric fibers are produced from various polymeric materials by mixing with thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol) and extruding the mixture through a die followed by further orientation. The poly(vinyl alcohol) is extracted to yield liberated ultra-fine polymeric fibers. The polymer utilized can include post-consumer polymer waste.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
April 5, 1991
Date of Patent:
November 17, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Lloyd M. Robeson, Robert J. Axelrod, Jeffrey A. Kuphal, Timothy L. Pickering
Abstract: An amine-boron composition for catalyzing the urethane reaction, particularly in preparing a polyurethane foam, consisting essentially of the addition product of a tertiary amine and a boron compound of the formula R.sub.n B(OH).sub.3-n wheren=0 or 1, andR=C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl.Preferred catalysts are prepard by mixing triethylenediamine with boric acid.
Abstract: A process is provided for making metallated and substituted alkynes from feedstocks which include alkadienes containing allenic unsaturation or such alkadienes in a mixture with alkynes having either internal or terminal unsaturation, such as a mixture of propadiene and propyne. This reaction involves an initial step in which the allenic hydrocarbon and any internal alkyne is isomerized and simultaneously the resultant terminal alkynes are metallated with an alkali metal. The reaction is carried out at relatively low temperatures in a suitable inert solvent such as diethylether. When metallation is complete the reaction mixture can be contacted directly with any suitable electrophile, such as a halo silane, for example, chlorotrimethylsilane, and the alkali metal on the terminal alkyne is replaced with the desired substituent. The products thus formed are useful as monomers for preparing polymers having a variety of properties, for example, as asymmetric membranes for gas separation.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 9, 1991
Date of Patent:
November 10, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Frederick L. Herman, Ann C. L. Savoca, Mark L. Listemann
Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for preparing high purity argon employing a cryogenic adsorptive technique. In the process air is separated into its components and a crude argon feed containing 0.8 mol % oxygen or less and 0.5 mol % nitrogen or less is generated. The crude argon feed is initially subjected to cryogenic adsorption for effecting nitrogen removal and then further subjected to cryogenic adsorption for effecting removal of oxygen. By conducting cryogenic adsorption in this manner, essentially no supplemental refrigeration is required in the cryogenic adsorption steps.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 14, 1991
Date of Patent:
November 3, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Kenneth W. Kovak, Rakesh Agrawal, Janice C. Peterson
Abstract: Containment cap and adapter for mounting on a gas cylinder to isolate the cylinder valve from the ambient atmosphere and contain leakage from said valve. The cap can include means to receive inner-pressurization and remove contained leakage.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 6, 1992
Date of Patent:
October 27, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Robert L. Martrich, Dennis W. Croll, Stanley F. Christoff
Abstract: This invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of slush hydrogen by the freeze-thaw technique. The process comprises substantially continuously injecting liquid hydrogen at or near its triple point temperature into a slush hydrogen generator; forming solid hydrogen by removing hydrogen vapor from the slush hydrogen generator; alternately adjusting the pressure in the slush hydrogen generator to a pressure below the triple point of hydrogen and then to a pressure slightly above the pressure at the triple point thereby effecting formation and dispersion of solids in said slush; concentrating the crystalline solid particles in the slush to a level of at least 30%, and preferably from 45 to 60%, by weight; and substantially continuously removing the slush hydrogen from said slush hydrogen generator at a rate such that a substantially constant level of slush is maintained in said slush hydrogen generator.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 19, 1991
Date of Patent:
October 13, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Lee S. Gaumer, Jr., Robert B. Moore, Glenn E. Kinard
Abstract: A modified poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymer is provided containing copolymerized units of allylamine and/or diallylamine by copolymerizing a vinyl ester, such as vinyl acetate, and an N-allylamide and/or N,N-diallylamide, such as N-allylformamide and/or N,N-diallylformamide and hydrolyzing first the ester groups to hydroxy groups and then the amide groups to amine groups. The second hydrolysis is carried out on solvent-swollen particulate polymer slurried in an acidic or basic medium. The modified polymer can contain small amounts of unhydrolyzed ester and amide groups in addition to the hydroxy and amine functionality which characterizes the copolymer.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 30, 1989
Date of Patent:
October 13, 1992
Assignee:
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Inventors:
Robert K. Pinschmidt, Jr., Ta-Wang Lai, Lawrence K. Wempe