Abstract: A homogeneous, particulate mixture of alkali metal pyrophosphates and tripolyphosphates is prepared by flash drying an aqueous solution of alkali metal orthophosphates having an alkali metal to phosphorus mole ratio in the range of 5:3 to 6:3, and calcining the resultant dried particles. Preferably, the alkali metal is sodium and the orthophosphate solution is adjusted to provide a major proportion of sodium pyrphosphate and a minor proportion of sodium tripolyphosphate in the final product.

Abstract: Phenolic molding compositions, particularly useful as sheet molding compounds comprise:(a) a resole phenolic resin,(b) a curing agent selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal oxides or hydroxides and silanes,(c) a filler,(d) a lactone such as butyrolactone, and(e) a fiber reinforcement.

Abstract: A coating for improved resistance welding of galvanized steel parts or sheets comprises a binder, and a metal phosphide pigment, preferably a ferrophosphorus pigment, having a particle size of from about 0.1 to about 30 microns. The pigment can also include up to about 40% by weight of an additional metal such as tin, aluminum or lead, which can be combined with the metal phosphide in pigment form or deposited onto the surface of the particles. The coating can be applied to either the faying or non-faying surfaces of the galvanized steel, or to the resistance welding electrode, and may be removed, if desired, after the welding operation.The advantages of the present invention include a significant reduction in welding current and an increase in the weldability lobe width, a restoration of the dynamic resistance beta peak, and an increase in electrode life.

Abstract: Fluoro-substituted carbocyclic compounds are prepared by(A) reacting hydrogen fluoride with a chloro-cyclohexenyl compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of --H, --CH.sub.2 OH, --COF, --COCl, --CF.sub.3, --CN, ##STR2## and --CH.sub.2 R, where R is --H or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, to form a gem-dihalocyclohexane compound of the formula ##STR3## where X is chlorine and R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: High absorbtivity sodium tripolyphosphate is prepared by moisturizing the anhydrous orthophosphate particles produced by spray-drying an aqueous solution of sodium phosphates during the production of sodium tripolyphosphate. Following moisturization, the hydrated particles are calcined at a temperature within the range of from about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. to produce a granular sodium tripolyphosphate product having an absorbtivity value of at least about 30%.

Abstract: A process for removing nickel and phosphorus species from a spent electroless nickel plating solution is described. This process involves an initial precipitation of phosphite values from the plating solution, followed by oxidation of hypophosphite and remaining phosphite to phosphate values, and the final removal of phosphate and nickel by lime precipitation. The treated plating solution is then separated from the precipitants, such as by filtration, and preferbly contain less than 1 milligrams/liter of nickel and/or total phosphorus species. This process is a cost effective method for treating spent electroless nickel plating solutions which is readily adaptable for on-site use.

Abstract: Novel phenolic molding compositions comprise (1) a resole phenolic resin, (2) an alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide, and/or a silane compound, and (3) a mixture of clay and talc fillers and/or microballoons. The composition also generally contains a mold release agent, and a silane coupling agent. The alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide is preferably calcium and/or magnesium hydroxide or oxide. A mixture of the calcium and magnesium compounds is most preferred. The foregoing molding compositions are applied to glass fibers or filaments to provide compositions useful in sheet molding compound processes, pultrusion processes, filament winding, and continuous laminating processes, as well as in ram injection molding and transfer molding.

Abstract: Cementitious composite materials having high strength, vacuum integrity, good thermal properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion are prepared from a mixture of(1) a high strength cement matrix, and(2) a filler component, comprising a metal fiber.These composites are useful in the manufacture of molds and tools for forming metals and plastics. A preferred composite mixture comprising Portland cement, chemically reactive silica particles, inorganic oxide particles, a cement superplasticizer, an irregularly shaped aggregate, metal fibers, and water. The mixtures preferably contain chemically reactive silica fume particles and reactive silica particles such as crystalline silica or quartz particles or a vitreous/glassy form of silicon. The mixtures preferably comprise stainless steel fibers and stainless steel aggregate. High nickel steel and silicon carbide can be used as aggregate in applications requiring low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of high purity 5-chloroisophthaloyl chloride comprises reacting isophthaloyl chloride with liquid chlorine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst at a temperature of about 55.degree. Celsius to 80.degree. Celsius under autogenous pressure.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing vinyl halide homopolymers and copolymers that are suitable for use in clear solutions. The process comprises reacting vinyl halide and optional co-monomers in the presence of an aqueous medium containing a suspending agent, and treating the resulting resin particles with an acidic material. The resins resulting from the process of the invention have improved solution and film properties. When the resin is dissolved in a suitable solvent, the resulting solution has improved clarity, that is, a reduction of haze in the solution phase. When the solution is coated on a substrate and the solvent evaporated, either to provide a coated substrate or a cast film, the resulting films have improved clarity, that is, a reduction in haze in the film. The films and coatings have improved gloss as a result of reduction of seed particles in the film. Fibers produced from the resin solutions have improved integrity and strength.

Abstract: A process for the electrophilic ring fluorination of aromatic compounds which comprises reacting a fluorinating agent from the group consisting of CF.sub.3 OF and CF.sub.2 (OF).sub.2 with an aromatic compound of the formula ##STR1## where X is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## and ##STR3## and Y is selected from the group consisting of --H, --CF.sub.3, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --Cl, and CH.sub.3.

Abstract: A facultatively anaerobic microorganism of a strain of Klebsiella oxytoca is disclosed for degrading toxic waste materials into more environmentally acceptable materials. Processes for utilizing the microorganism in a sequencing batch reactor, and for treating industrial and municipal wastes, such as chemical waste landfill leachate and chemical process wastewater, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for coupling two low molecular weight telomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene comprises reacting the telomers in a solvent with an amount of iron sufficient to form a coupled olefin. The olefin can then be fluorinated using a suitable fluorinating agent, such as chlorine trifluoride, to form a saturated product. Preferably, the solvent for the coupling reaction is acetonitrile, and the reaction is conducted under reflux conditions. A small amount of FeCl.sub.2 can optionally be added to the reaction mixture as an initiator for the reaction.

Abstract: An improved process for purifying thionyl chloride by the double distillation of an impure mixture of thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, sulfur monochloride, sulfur dichloride and sulfur dioxide is disclosed. The double distillation process is conducted in the presence of sulfur to convert sulfur dichloride into sulfur monochloride. The sulfuryl chloride content of the mixture is reduced by contacting the vapor from the reboiler in the first stage distillation with activated carbon prior to fractional distillation in the column. The product of the first stage distillation is then redistilled to produce a thionyl chloride product of high purity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment of chemical process wastewaters and chemical waste landfill leachates containing obnoxious and hazardous halogenated organic chemicals by the use of a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes to produce a liquid discharge acceptable to the environment in an efficient and economical manner.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride having high bulk density and enhanced plasticizer absorption is produced by suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer and comonomers wherein the initial suspension of ingredients is generated such that the oil phase droplets formed in the suspension are compositionally equivalent with respect to initiator, and the level of suspending agent and agitation are chosen to substantially preclude agglomeration of resin particles throughout the reaction, thereby producing resin wherein the resin grain size distribution results directly from the oil phase droplet distribution created at or near the start of the reaction. The process is conducted under conditions so that the polymerization is commenced before the final distribution is established. In this manner, seed particles of resin are produced from the vinyl monomer prior to establishing the final particle distribution.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride having high bulk density and enhanced plasticizer absorption is produced by suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer and comonomers wherein the initial suspension of ingredients is generated such that the oil phase droplets formed in the suspension are compositionally equivalent with respect to initiator, and the level of suspending agent and agitation are chosen to substantially preclude agglomeration of resin particles throughout the reaction, thereby producing resin wherein the resin grain size distribution results directly from the oil phase droplet distribution created at or near the start of the reaction. The process is conducted under conditions so that the polymerization is commenced before the final distribution is established. In this manner, seed particles of resin are produced from the vinyl monomer prior to establishing the final particle distribution.

Abstract: A ferrophosphorus composition with improved conductivity and passivation resistance is prepared by treating ferrophosphorus particles with an aqueous solution containing a dilute mineral acid and ions of chromium and a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, strontium, calcium, barium, lead or copper. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of chromium and zinc ions in the solution is in the range of about 2 grams/liter to about 10 grams/liter, and the treatment time is from about 2 to about 6 minutes.The treated ferrophosphorus particles can be formulated in a suitable resin binder for use as corrosion resistant coatings, weldable coatings, EMI shielding coatings or electrically conductive coatings. The treated ferrophosphorus particles can also be used in powder metallurgy applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dust suppressing device for use in the discharge of granular bulk materials, such as crushed rock, ore, and the like, for example, during the loading of such material onto a transport vehicle such as a ship. The device comprises(a) a central hopper;(b) a first outer tubular member, coaxially disposed and concentrically spaced outward with respect to the hopper; and(c) a second tubular member coaxially disposed and concentrically spaced outward with respect to the hopper and the first tubular member. The spacing between the central hopper and the first tubular member and the spacing between the first and second tubular members are such as to provide alternate path for the discharge of granular material when the flow rate of the granular material into the hopper exceeds the capacity of the hopper.

Abstract: A flow-through sampling device is provided for obtaining clear filtrate samples from a pipeline containing a slurry of phosphoric acid and calcium sulphate. The sampling device comprises a sample chamber having inlet and outlet pipes connected to the high pressure and low pressure sides of the pipeline, respectively, the sample chamber having a filter attached to its side portion for removing solids from the slurry prior to obtaining a fluid sample. The sampling device can be equipped with an automatic analyzer for continuously monitoring the composition of the flow stream.