Abstract: Variations in the air outlet temperature of a vortex cooler which varies with the inlet temperature and pressure are maintained within precise limits by a thermocouple electrically connected to a feedback loop which controls the vortex inlet air pressure in response to the signal from the thermocouple. A pneumatic inlet air control valve, along with a microprocessor based transmitter/controller and an I/P Converter pneumatically connected to the vortex inlet air control valve comprise the feedback loop. This maintains the cold air outlet temperature of the cooler within one degree of the desired temperature, despite fluctuations in the inlet air pressure and temperature.

Abstract: A distillate fuel composition for reducing silver corrosion in two-cycle internal combustion engines which comprises motor gasoline, a lubricating oil basestock and a combination of a 2,5-dihydrocarbyldithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently R.sup.3 S or H where R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 16 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is not hydrogen, and an adduct of benzotriazole or tolyltriazole and an alkoxyamine.

Abstract: Distillate or hydrotreated distillate effluent is separated into an aromatics rich permeate and an aromatics lean retentate by use of a permselective membrane with the aromatic rich permeate being sent to a hydrotreater, thereby increasing the quantity of reduced aromatics content product.

Abstract: The yield and quality of products secured from cracking units is increased by the process of subjecting the product stream secured from such cracking unit to a selective aromatics removal process and recycling the recovered aromatics lean (saturates rich) stream to the cracking unit whereby such saturates rich stream is subjected to increased conversion to higher value desired products.

Abstract: In a solvent recovery plant including a recovery or distillation tower from which solvent product is recovered overhead, an isothermal separator, preferably a cyclone, is used to separate liquid phase contaminant (i.e. oil in a lubricating oil extraction process) in overhead product and to feed the separated liquid to the recovery tower as reflux. In addition, a portion of the feed to the tower can be branched off and mixed with the overhead product to bring its temperature down to close to the dew point of the solvent vapor. In this way, flooding of the uppermost tower trays and distillation of oil overhead can be overcome.

Abstract: An improved dispersant formulation for dispersing oil which contains a mixture of a sorbitan monoester of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, a polyoxyethylene adduct of a sorbitan monoester of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, a water-dispersible salt of a dialkyl sulfosuccinate, a polyoxyethylene adduct of a sorbitan triester or a sorbitol hexaester of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and a glycol ether which has a maximum water solubility of 25 ml/100 ml as solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved selective solvent extraction process wherein a hydrocarbon feed stream containing a mixture of aromatics and non-aromatics is contacted with an aromatics selective solvent in an extraction zone to produce an aromatics rich extract phase and an aromatics lean raffinate phase, water in a carefully controlled amount is added to the recovered extract phase resulting in the separation of the extract phase into a hydrocarbon rich pseudo-raffinate which is recycled to the extraction zone for processing with fresh feed and an increased yield of raffinate of higher quality than is obtained without pseudo-raffinate recycle.

Abstract: A Method for predicting the properties of a complex hydrocarbon mixture which comprises selecting one or more known chemical, perceptual, physical or performance properties of the complex mixture and creating a training set from reference samples which contain characteristic molecular species present in the mixture. The reference samples are subjected to GC/MS analysis wherein the often collinear data generated are treated by multivariate correlation methods. The training set produces coefficients which are multiplied by the matrix generated from a GC/MS analysis of an unknown mixture to produce a predicted value for the chemical, performance or physical property or groups of properties selected.

Abstract: A method for controlling the blending of blend stocks having boiling points less that 350.degree. C. into blend products or controlling refinery or chemical processes with feedstocks and products with boiling points less than 350.degree. C. The method comprises selecting one or more chemical or perceptual or physical property or performance properties of the blend stock or blend product or refinery or chemical feed or product, creating a training set from reference samples which contain characteristic molecular species present in the blend stock or blend product or refinery or chemical process feed or product. The reference samples are subject to GC/MS analysis wherein the often collinear data generated is treated by multivariate correlation methods.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic cracking process which includes more than one catalytic cracking reaction step. The process integrates a hydroprocessing step between the catalytic cracking reaction steps in order to maximize olefins production, distillate quality and octane level of the overall cracked product. Preferably, the hydroprocessing step is included between the reaction stages, and a portion of the hydroprocessed products, i.e., a naphtha and mid distillate fraction, is combined with cracked product for further separation and hydroprocessing. It is also preferred that the first catalytic cracking reaction step be a short contact time reaction step.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved isomerization process employing a catalyst wherein the catalyst comprises a pair of catalyst particles of different acidity utilized either as distinct beds of such discrete particles or as a mixture of such discrete particles. The isomerization process utilizing such a catalyst produces a product which exhibits higher VI as compared to products produced using either catalyst component separately or using a single catalyst having the average acidity of the two discrete catalysts.

Abstract: A lubricant oil composition having balanced antiwear/extreme pressure and stability properties while providing friction reduction which comprises:(1) a major amount of a lubricating oil basestock; and(2) a minor amount of an amine phosphate salt of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is C.sub.9 to C.sub.22, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbyl, R.sub.4 is c.sub.10 to c.sub.20 hydrocarbyl, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen to c.sub.10 to c.sub.20 hydrocarbyl; wherein the amine phosphate salt is soluble in the lubricant oil basestock at 25C, is a liquid at 25C, and the ratio of gram-atomic-equivalents of amine to phosphate in said salt is from about 1.0 to 1.2.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for contacting solid particles and fluid. A liquid is sprayed as liquid droplets from the discharge tip of a nozzle into hot solid particles passing upwardly in a vertical pipe. A venturi is formed in the pipe, and the venturi has an entrance portion which is upwardly convergent to the throat and an exit portion which is upwardly divergent from the throat. The tip of the nozzle is so located relative to the venturi that liquid droplets commence vaporization, due to heat transfer from the hot solid particles, no further up stream (relative to the direction of movement of solid particles up the pipe) than the throat of the venturi thereby resulting in a high degree of turbulence which causes good mixing of particles and vapor downstream of the venturi throat. The particles-vapor mixture leaving the exit portion of the venturi is well mixed and particles are substantially uniformly mixed with vapor in radial planes of the pipe downstream of the venturi.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fluidizing a dense phase bed of solid particles, preferably a method for fluidizing a dense phase bed of solid catalyst particles. The method includes the steps of continuously supplying a flowing fluid stream in a downward direction within an enclosed volume; contacting an upper surface of a dense phase bed of solid particles resting within the enclosed volume with the downward flowing fluid stream; continuously directing the flowing fluid stream into the dense phase bed of particles to form a continuous fluidized bed of solid particles within the enclosed volume; directing the flowing fluid stream in an upward direction after contacting the upper surface of the dense phase bed; and collecting the flowing fluid stream.

Abstract: An oil composition which has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of from 32 to 50 cSt and which contains less than 3 wt. percent polynuclear aromatic compounds is employed as a process oil for rubber compounds, especially aromatic rubbers. The process oil is compatible with aromatic rubbers but contains less toxic polynuclear aromatic compounds than conventional aromatic rubber process oils. Rubber products of acceptable quality are produced by the use of the said oil composition.

Abstract: A synthetic ester base stock having reduced deposit formation which comprises the reaction product of technical pentaerythritol and a mixture of carboxylic acids. The mixture of carboxylic acids comprises (1) at least one C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 carboxylic acid having 6 or less reactive hydrogens, (2) at least one C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 carboxylic acid having 6 or less reactive hydrogens and (3) at least one C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 carboxylic acid having 6 or more reactive hydrogens.

Abstract: Aromatic amines of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl or halogen and n is an integer from 0 to 3 are effective in increasing the motor octane number of aviation gasolines to 98 or greater without the presence of lead additives.

Abstract: An aromatic oil having an aniline point less than 120.degree. F., a mutagenicity index based on The Modified Ames Test of less than 2.0, a benzene, naphthalene and methyl substituted benzenes and naphthalenes individual component concentrations less than 100 wppm, and a clay gel aromatics fraction content of at least 50 weight % based on aromatic oil, said aromatics fraction characterized in that it has a naphthene-benzenes and dinaphthenebenzenes content of at least 50 volume % based on aromatics fraction. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the aromatic oil which comprises the steps of selective solvent extraction, selective distillation and two-stage hydrotreating with removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonia. The aromatic oils are useful in agricultural formulations due to their low environmental impacts.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for jet engines which comprises: (a) an aviation turbine oil; (b) from about 0.025 to about 5.0 wt %, based on lubricating oil composition, of a dimercaptothiadiazole of the formula: ##STR1## where R and R.sup.1 are each independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and (c) from about 1.0 to about 30.0 wt %, based on lubricating oil composition, of an alphaolefin/maleic ester copolymer of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl, and n is an integer such that the average molecular weight of the copolymer is from 500 to 20,000.

Abstract: A method for preparing a bitumen emulsion which comprises forming the emulsion from bitumen, water, emulsifying agent, inorganic acid and metal salt, said metal being selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and aluminum wherein the bitumen emulsion has a viscosity of at least 200 cst at 25.degree. C., by the steps of: (a) feeding the bitumen into a first static mixer at a temperature above 50.degree. C.