Abstract: A process for preparing a low ash coal wherein coal is depolymerized at low temperature by contacting finely divided coal with a hard acid and soft base, and extracting the depolymerized coal to remove mineral contaminants.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing coal to hydrocarbon oils wherein coal is depolymerized at low temperatures by contacting finely divided coal with a hard acid and soft base. The depolymerized coal is then hydroprocessed to hydrocarbon oils by forming a mixture with a coal conversion catalyst or precursor thereof, and hydroprocessing the mixture at temperatures of from 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. and hydrogen partial pressures of from 2100 to 35000 kPa.

Abstract: A composition of matter having utility in lubricant formulations, said composition being the reaction product of adenine, alkoxylated amine and hydrocarbylsulfonic acid and having the formula ##STR1## where R is a hydrocarbyl group of from 2 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group of from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, x and y are each independently integers of from 1 to 15 with the proviso that the sum of x+y is from 2 to 20, and a, b and c are independent numbers from 1.0 to 3.0 wherein the ratios between a:b, a:c and b:c range from 1.0:3.0 to 3.0:1.0.

Abstract: A composition of matter useful in lubricating oil for reducing friction in an internal combustion engine, said complex comprising the reaction product of alkoxylated amine, trithiocyanuric acid and adenine and having the formula: ##STR1## where R is a hydrocarbyl group of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, x and y are each independently integers of from 1 to 15 with the proviso that the sum of x+y is from 2 to 20, and a, b and c are independent numbers from 1.0 to 3.0 wherein the ratios between a:b, a:c and b:c range from 1.0:3.0 to 3.0:1.0.

Abstract: A composition of matter having utility in lubricant formulations, said composition being the reaction product of adenine, alkoxylated amine and hydrocarbylsalicylic acid and having the formula ##STR1## where R is a hydrocarbyl group of from 2 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is hydrocarbyl group of from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, x and y are each independently integers of from 1 to 15 with the proviso that the sum of x+y is from 2 to 20, and a, b and c are independent numbers from 1.0 to 3.0 wherein the ratios between a:b, a:c and b:c range from 1.0:3.0 to 3.0:1.0.

Abstract: Plasma initiators that have become deactivated due to the accumulation of carbonaceous deposits, sulfur deposits, or both thereon can be regenerated by contact with a gas containing molecular hydrogen in the presence of microwave radiation.

Abstract: Plasma initiators that have become deactivated due to the accumulation of carbonaceous deposits, sulfur deposits, or both thereon can be regenerated by contact with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of microwave radiation.

Abstract: C.sub.1+ hydrocarbons can be effectively converted to primarily unsaturated hydrocarbon and hydrogen by subjecting the C.sub.1+ hydrocarbon to microwave radiation in the presence of water and at least one plasma initiator that is capable of initiating an electric discharge in an electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A lubricant oil composition useful for reducing friction in an internal combustion engine which comprises(a) a major amount of a lubricant oil basestock, and(b) a minor amount of an alkoxylated amine salt of trithiocyanuric acid, said salt having the formula: ##STR1## where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to 22 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 1 to 3, and x and y are each independently integers of from 1 to 15 with the proviso that the sum of x+y is from 2 to 20.

Abstract: A mixture of methane, water and carbon dioxide can be effectively converted to carbon monoxide and hydrogen by subjecting the mixture to microwave radiation in the presence of at least one plasma initiator that is capable of initiating an electric discharge in an electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A composition of matter having utility in lubricant formulation, said composition being the reaction product of adenine, alkoxylated amine and hydrocarbyldithiobenzoic acid and having the formula (I): ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a hydroxy group with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is a hydrocarbyl group, x and y are each independently integers of from 1 to 15 with the proviso that the sum of x+y is from 2 to 20, and a, b and c are independent numbers from 1.0 to 3.0 wherein the ratios between a:b, a:c and b:c range from 1.0:3.0 to 3.0:1.0.

Abstract: Distillate fuel compositions containing an alkyl ether mono amine having the formulaRO[C.sub.4 H.sub.8 O].sub.(9-18) CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2whereR is a highly branched alkyl group derived from a Guerbet alcohol containing between 12 and 40 carbon atomsare effective in reducing the formation of intake valve deposits in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: The addition of an O-alkyl-N-alkoxycarbonylthionocarbamate to a lubricating oil imparts antiwear, antioxidant and/or friction reducing performance to the oil.

Abstract: A process for reducing smoke emitted from a two-cycle internal combustion engine wherein the engine is operated with a lubricant oil-fuel mixture containing certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides. A preferred quaternary ammonium hydroxide is tricapryl methyl quaternary ammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: Paving binders, especially hot mix paving mixtures, having excellent storage stability, reduced binder runoff, and high temperature viscosity are formed by adding a copolymer of ethylene with an alkyl acrylate or vinyl acetate and a neutralized sulfonated polymer to the asphalt. Preferably, the alkyl acrylate is methyl acrylate and the neutralized sulfonated polymer is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer.

Abstract: The addition of a polyalkylmethacrylate having a weight average molecular weight of at least 600,000 has been found to be effective in reducing the pour point of a wax isomerate to a level that cannot be obtained with conventional pour point depressants. In a preferred embodiment, the wax isomerate is a slack wax isomerate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing asphalt that has improved low temperature properties. More specifically, the penetration and Penetration Index of an asphalt can be increased if the asphalt is heat soaked in the presence of a dehydrogenation agent at a temperature above the temperature at which oxidation of the asphalt occurs and below the temperature at which coking is initiated. Polyvinyl chloride and a chlorinated wax are preferred dehydrogenation agents.

Abstract: The rust inhibiting and demulsibility performance of a lubricating oil can be synergistically enhanced by incorporating a rust inhibitor having at least one COOH acid group and a particular class of pyridine derivatives.

Abstract: The rust inhibition capability of a lubricating oil having an average ring number per mole of less than 1.5 can be enhanced by adding a rust inhibitor that is capable of reducing the oil/water interfacial tension to between about 1 to about 4 mN/m.

Abstract: The addition of an O-alkyl-N-alkoxycarbonylthionocarbamate salt of dithiobenzoic acid to a lubricating oil imparts antiwear and/or antioxidation performance to the oil.