Abstract: Distillate fuel compositions containing an amine salt of a sulfonic acid and a low volatility carrier fluid are effective in reducing the formation of intake valve deposits in internal combustion engines. Gasoline containing diamine salts in combination with a polyol ester carrier fluid is a particularly preferred distillate fuel composition.

Abstract: Methane can be effectively converted to acetylene, ethylene, and hydrogen by subjecting the methane to pulsed microwave radiation in the presence of at least one plasma initiator that is capable of initiating an electric discharge in an electromagnetic field.

Abstract: Methane can be effectively converted to acetylene, ethylene, and hydrogen by subjecting the methane to continuous microwave radiation in the presence of at least one plasma initiator that is capable of initiating an electric discharge in an electromagnetic field.

Abstract: Low value hydrocarbons can be upgraded by contact with the products formed during irradiation of a hydrogen donor using microwave energy in the presence of at least one plasma initiator.

Abstract: The addition of an O-alkyl-N-alkoxycarbonylthionocarbamate salt of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid to a lubricating oil imparts antiwear and/or antioxidation performance to the oil.

Abstract: A process for converting formic acid esters or transesterification products thereof to carboxylic acids comprising contacting a formic acid ester of the formula (HCOO).sub.n --R where R is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aralkyl and n is 1 or 2 with a catalytically effective amount of a soluble iridium salt and an iodide promoter at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. in the presence of an organic solvent containing at least one carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a fluid from a porous formation whereby fingering effects are controlled by applied magnetic field. The process comprises injecting a displacement fluid and ferrofluid, or a ferrofluid-containing displacement fluid, in an effective amount to displace fluid from the formation, applying a magnetic field containing a gradient of field intensity across said formation, driving the displaced fluid through the formation and recovering the displaced first fluid.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide is removed from feedstreams by a process which comprises contacting the feedstream with a solution of a cuprous fluorinated acetylacetonate in an organic solvent containing a stabilizing agent to remove CO by forming a first cuprous complex, decomposing the first cuprous complex whereby the stabilizing agent which replaces CO in the first cuprous complex to form a second cuprous complex, and separating the displaced CO. The formation of the second cuprous complex avoids any deposition of copper metal upon heating.

Abstract: A process for separating a gaseous alkene mixture into components thereof which comprises contacting the gaseous alkene mixture with a cuprous complex of the formula [Cu(facac)].sub.x L.sub.y where facac is a fluorinated acetylacetonate and L is a stabilizing agent in an organic solvent wherein L is displaced by alkene. Cuprous complexes containing alkene can then be separated provided that the separation factor between alkene complex to be separated and other alkene complexes is at least about 1.05.

Abstract: A new composition of matter comprising molybdenum trioxide and heterocyclic nitrogen or oxygen Lewis bases. The molybdenum trioxide, upon reaction with Lewis base, forms a layered compound characterized in that the Lewis base is covalently bonded to molybdenum atoms in molybdenum oxide layers. The layered compound has the formula LMoO.sub.3 or L.sub.1/2 MoO.sub.3 where L is a Lewis base containing nitrogen or oxygen electron donors and selected from the group consisting of 5- and 6-membered heterocyclic amines, amine oxides, triorganophosphates, phosphine oxides and sulfoxides. L has the steric requirement such that its maximum cross-sectional area perpendicular to an axis running through the L-Mo covalent bond is less than about 30(.ANG.).sup.2.

Abstract: A new composition of matter comprising the reaction product of a mixed oxide having layers of corner linked octahedra and tetrahedra and a Lewis base. The reaction product forms a layered compound of the formula L.sub.x MOM'O.sub.4 where MOM'O.sub.4 is a mixed oxide selected from the group consisting of VOPO.sub.4, VOSO.sub.4, VOAsO.sub.4, VOMoO.sub.4, NbOPO.sub.4, NbOAsO.sub.4, TaOPO.sub.4 and MoOPO.sub.4, x is from about 0.1 to 1.0 and L is a Lewis base containing nitrogen or oxygen electron donor and is selected from the group consisting of 5-membered heterocyclic amines, 6-membered heterocyclic amines, amine oxides, triorganophosphates, phosphine oxides and sulfoxides. The layered compounds are characterized in that L is covalently bound to a metal atom in the MOM'O.sub.4 layer.

Abstract: A new group of materials comprises intercalates of organometallic compounds in layered structures of water-insoluble salts comprised of a tetravalent metal cation and an acid phosphate, arsenate or vanadate anion. Related materials comprise intercalates of organometallic compounds in layered structures of uranyl and transuranyl phosphates, arsenates and vanadates. Intercalation hosts are represented either by the formula M(H.sub.1-y A.sub.y XO.sub.4).sub.2.nH.sub.2 O or by the formula H.sub.1-y A.sub.y TO.sub.2 XO.sub.4.nH.sub.

Abstract: A process for recovering oil from a subterranean formation using a modified aqueous saline heteropolysaccharide solution as mobility control agent, said aqueous solution containing at least 0.5 wt. % of inorganic salts wherein the solutions are stabilized against loss of pyruvate groups on heat treatment by a process which comprises preparing an aqueous solution containing heteropolysaccharide and inorganic salts, adding a buffer to control pH between about 6.5 and 10.0, heating to a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. and maintaining the pH at from 6.0 to 9.5 during heating, then removing cell debris. The buffered solutions do not suffer loss of pyruvate content which leads to viscosity loss.

Abstract: Alkenes, alkynes or mixtures thereof are removed from feedstreams by a process which comprises contacting the feedstream with a solution of a cuprous fluorinated acetylacetone in an organic solvent containing stabilizing agent to remove alkene, alkyne or mixture thereof by forming a first cuprous complex, decomposing the first cuprous complex whereby stabilizing agent replaces alkene or alkyne in the first cuprous complex to form a second cuprous complex, and separating the displaced component. The formation of the second cuprous complex avoids any deposition of copper metal upon heating.

Abstract: Liquid crystals are used in place of microemulsions in a process for chemically enhanced oil recovery. The liquid crystals compositions contain ethoxylated surfactants having appropriately balanced hydrophilic-lipophilic properties. These compositions result in a faster and greater recovery of crude oil as compared to microemulsions.

Abstract: A composition of matter of the formula ##STR1## where M is Cu(I) or Ag(I); R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 fluoroalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 heterocycle containing O, S or N or C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.2 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the carbons to which they are attached may be joined together to form a C.sub.6 ring; L is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one non-aromatic unsaturation; x and y are 1 or 2; and n is from 1 to 8.

Abstract: A process for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation using aqueous saline heteropolysaccharide solutions containing at least 0.5 wt. % of inorganic salts which are stabilized against viscosity loss on heat treatment. The stabilization process comprises preparing an aqueous solution containing heteropolysaccharide and inorganic salts, removing oxygen from the saline solution, heating to a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere, then removing cell debris. The solutions also have improved filterability and are free of cell debris.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are converted into methanol by means of the catalytic action of soluble ruthenium-carbonyl containing complexes at a temperature of from about 250.degree.-300.degree. C., pressures of from about 54 to 200 MPa and CO/H.sub.2 ratio of from 3:1 to 1:10. The soluble ruthenium-carbonyl containing complex is prepared in situ in the reaction medium from sources of ruthenium capable of forming Ru-CO containing complexes.

Abstract: A homogeneous catalytic process for the conversion of methanol to methyl acetate. The process comprises contacting CO with methanol in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an iron-cobalt carbonyl complex of the formula M[FeCo.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 ] or M[CoFe.sub.3 (CO).sub.13 ] where M is hydrogen or a cation and an iodide promoter, heating the resultant mixture at temperatures of from 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. at pressures of from 5 to 100 MPa.

Abstract: A cuprous oxalate complex of the formula Cu.sub.2 (CO).sub.n L.sub.m C.sub.2 O.sub.4 wherein L is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one non-aromatic unsaturation and n and m are numbers from 0 to 2.