Abstract: N-3-Oxohydrocarbon-substituted acrylamides, especially diacetone acrylamide, react with aldehydes in alkaline media (usually aqueous) to form water-soluble compositions which contain hydroxyalkylated and/or alkoxyalkylated derivatives of said substituted acrylamides. Addition polymers of these water-soluble compositions may be prepared, especially as aqueous latices or as solutions in organic solvents. These addition polymers are useful in adhesives and coatings. In particular, the polymers may be combined with pigments and/or with alkaline reagents or aminoplast compositions to form paints and textile adhesives.

Abstract: Bis-amidoalkanesulfonic acids and their salts find use in applications where amides and sulfonic compounds are useful. Bis-acrylamides and the like are polymerizable monomers whose polymers are useful as gelling agents for aqueous systems, as well as for the preparation of fibers, plastics, resins, etc.

Abstract: Boron-containing products useful as lubricant additives are obtained by reacting high molecular weight succinic acid-producing compounds with polyhydric alcohols and a boron reagent such as boric acid.

Abstract: Improved fuel compositions with decreased tendency to form deposits in the carburetor and on "early fuel evaporation" heating elements, inlet valves and the like contain a normally liquid fuel (usually a hydrocarbon fuel), a carboxylic acid ester which is either (1) an ester of a polyol and a C.sub.5 -C.sub.15 monocarboxylic acid or (2) an alkanol ester of a substituted succinic acid, and an oil-soluble, ester-type, nitrogen-free dispersant derived from a polyhydric alcohol and characterized by the presence therein of a substantially saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon-based radical having at least about 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is, independently, a member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based, hydrocarbon-based oxy, and hydrocarbon-based thio; R.sub.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, and substituted lower alkyl; and X is a member selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, are disclosed. These compounds are useful as a lubricant additive, and have insecticidal and pesticidal properties.

Abstract: Improved fuel compositions with decreased tendency to form deposits in the carburetor and on "early fuel evaporation" heating elements, inlet valves and the like contain a normally liquid fuel (usually a hydrocarbon fuel), a carboxylic acid ester of lubricating viscosity, and an oil-soluble nitrogen-containing dispersant. The dispersant is characterized by the presence therein of a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based radical having at least about 50 carbon atoms, and it is preferably a carboxylic dispersant (e.g., the reaction product of a polyisobutenyl succinic acid-producing compound with a polyethylene polyamine) or a Mannich-type dispersant (e.g., the reaction product of an alkyl phenol with formaldehyde and a polyethylene polyamine).

Abstract: Lubricating compositions comprising a major amount of a lubricating oil and a minor amount of at least one additive of the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN R is a hydrocarbon-based group of up to about 30 carbon atoms and having a valence of m + q; each R' is independently selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbon-based group of up to about 20 carbon atoms; x and y are independently from 2 to 5; z is from zero to 5; q is from zero to 4 and m is from 1 to 5 with the proviso that m + q is from 1 to 6, have increased resistance to oxidative degradation and anti-wear properties.

Abstract: Ester-containing compositions prepared by reacting a high molecular weight carboxylic acid acylating agent with polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifiers for aqueous emulsions. The ester-containing compositions are useful as additives in normally liquid fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: Oil-soluble compositions made by reacting an olefin or halogenated olefin of about 30 carbon atoms with an alpha, beta-unsaturated nitrile to form an organonitrile intermediate and further reacting said intermediate with a nitrogen compound such as an amine or polyamine are useful as additives for lubricants and liquid fuels. Particularly useful additives are made from alkylene polyamines.

Abstract: Compositions useful as lubricants and functional fluids comprise an oleaginous liquid of lubricating viscosity, typically a mineral oil, and a 3-alkoxysulfolane or the like, in which the alkoxy group contains at least about 4 and preferably about 4-25 carbon atoms, as a seal swelling agent.

Abstract: Substituted sulfolanes in which one of the substituents is a 3-alkoxy or 3-alkythio group, or the like, are useful for swelling seals in machinery (e.g., automatic transmissions) when dissolved in a functional fluid.

Abstract: Used oil is rerefined by diluting it with a water-soluble polar diluent and removing insoluble impurities from the resulting solution, adding water to produce a two-phase system, separating the organic phase and removing the polar diluent therefrom. By this method, it is possible to recover oil which still contains viscosity modifying additives and the like. If desired, the rerefined oil can be subjected to further treatment such as hydrogenation.

Abstract: Additives made by reaction of (A) at least one phosphorus acid compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each X is independently oxygen or divalent sulfur, M is hydrogen or an equivalent of metal or ammonium cation, R is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbyl mercapto group of about one to about thirty carbon atoms and R' is XM or R with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in both R and R' is at least two, with (B) at least one sulfo-containing compound of the formulae: ##STR2## wherein y is one or two, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl group, R.sup.2 is a divalent or trivalent hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.4 is a trivalent hydrocarbyl group, and Q is --OH, --OR.sup.3, --OM, an alkylene polyamine residue, or N(R.sub.3).sub.2, are novel and useful and have utility as, for example, additives for water-containing hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: N-3-Oxohydrocarbon-substituted acrylamides, especially diacetone acrylamide, react with aldehydes in alkaline media (usually aqueous) to form water-soluble compositions which contain hydroxyalkylated and/or alkoxyalkylated derivatives of said substituted acrylamides. Addition polymers of these water-soluble compositions may be prepared, especially as aqueous latices or as solutions in organic solvents. These addition polymers are useful in adhesives and coatings. In particular, the polymers may be combined with pigments and/or with alkaline reagents or aminoplast compositions to form paints and textile adhesives.

Abstract: Novel polyphenol compositions are prepared by successively reacting a phenol with formaldehyde or a reversible polymer thereof and sulfurizing the same with sulfur or a sulfur halide. The formaldehyde reaction and sulfurization may be effected in either order, but preferably the formaldehyde reaction takes place first. The resulting polyphenols are useful as oxidation inhibitors in lubricants. They may also be reacted with epoxides, and either the polyphenols or the epoxide reaction products thereof may be reacted with metal bases (especially alkali metal and alkaline earth metal bases, and preferably barium or calcium) to yield basic salts. The basic salts may also be reacted with epoxides, preferably ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The basic salts thus obtained are useful in lubricants as detergents and oxidation inhibitors.

Abstract: Used oil is rerefined by distilling it to remove a volatile forecut followed by a fraction of lubricating viscosity; the latter is then extracted with an immiscible liquid extractant to remove impurities. As optional preliminary steps, the oil may be diluted with a volatile diluent and insoluble impurities removed therefrom, and heated with an aqueous solution of a strongly alkaline material to concentrate metallic constituents (such as metal-containing additives) in a solid sludge.

Abstract: Organic compositions made by reacting an amino compound, carbon disulfide, and a halogenated substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least 25 carbon atoms are useful as additives for lubricants and liquid fuels. Particularly useful are compositions wherein the amino compound is alkylene polyamine and the hydrocarbon is a halogenated polymer or interpolymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 l-olefin.

Abstract: Solid compositions comprising (A) a solid addition polymer containing units derived from at least one of acrylic or methacrylic acids and esters threof and from at least one epoxyalkyl ester or ether, and (B) aliphatic polycarboxylic acids (either monomeric or polymeric) having a first acidic dissociation constant no greater than 10.sup..sup.-3, optionally in combination with a pigment and other known additives, are useful for coating metal surfaces, preferably by electrostatic powder coating methods. The coatings produced from these compositions are suitable as automobile body and wheel coatings.

Abstract: Compositions prepared by the reaction of a di-(lower alkyl) phosphite with a C.sub.10.sub.-20 epoxide in the presence of a strongly alkaline reagent are useful as friction-reducing additives in functional fluids, especially automatic transmission fluids.

Abstract: Primary aliphatic (preferably alkyl) mercaptans are prepared by heating a phosphorus-sulfur compound, preferably a primary aliphatic phosphorodithioic acid, with a basic nitrogen compound. The preferred basic nitrogen compounds are amines and particularly aliphatic primary and secondary amines, especially alkylene polyamines.