Abstract: A process for isomerizing a paraffin feed comprising contacting the feed with a strong, solid acid catalyst comprising a sulfated Group IVB metal oxide and at least one Group VIII metal in the presence of hydrogen and an adamantane compound.

Abstract: Start-up procedure for FBSG process involving starting up under oxidizing conditions with Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (no Ni) particles in the bed and the switching to reducing conditions prior to adding Ni/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst. This procedure will prevent catalyst particle agglomeration.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel binder-containing titania supports, and catalyst compositions of improved porosity prepared from such supports, useful for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The supports are prepared by incorporating a small amount of an inorganic metal oxide binder, constituted of alumina, zirconia or silica, with titania. The catalysts are prepared by dispersing a catalytically effective amount of a metal, or metals, preferably cobalt, or cobalt plus an additional metal, or metals catalytically active in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction on the titania binder support.

Abstract: An eta phase composition in powder form, prepared in the absence of sulfur or sulfur bearing compounds, having a surface area greater than about 2m.sup.2 /g and consisting of X.sub.6 Y.sub.6 Z.sub.a wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consiting of Mo and W, Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co. Ni, Mo and W, Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of C, N and combinations thereof such that when Z is N, a is greater than or equal to 1 but less than or equal to 2 and when Z is C, a is greater than 1 but less than or equal to 2 except when Z is C and Y is Fe, then a is greater than or equal to 1 but less than or equal to 2. The eta phase may be a carbide, nitride or carbonitride. A method for producing the eta-phase composition includes providing a precursor compound including at least two eta-phase forming metals, and a ligand containing carbon, nitrogen or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A supported particulate cobalt catalyst is formed by dispersing cobalt, alone or with a metal promoter, particularly rhenium, as a thin catalytically active film upon a particulate titania or titania-containing support, especially one wherein the rutile:anatase ratio of the support is at least about 3:2. This catalyst can be used to convert an admixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a distillate fuel constituted principally of an admixture of linear paraffins and olefins, particularly a C.sub.10 + distillate, at high productivity, with low methane selectivity. A process is also disclosed for the preparation of these catalysts.

Abstract: For correcting measured spectral data of n samples for data due to the measurement process itself, e.g. due to spectral baseline variations and/or water vapor and carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere of the spectrometer used to make the spectral measurements, the spectral being quantified at f discrete frequencies to produce a matrix X (of dimension f by n) of calibration data, matrix X is orthogonalized with respect to a correction matrix U.sub.m of dimension f by m comprising m quantified correction spectra, at the discrete frequencies f, which simulate data arising from the measurement process itself. The correction method is preferably included in a method of estimating unknown property and/or composition data of a sample under consideration, in which the n samples are calibration samples and a predictive model is developed interrelating known property and composition data of the calibration samples to their spectral data corrected for the data due to the measurement process itself.

Abstract: Pelletized, high surface area, Cu and Group IA or IIA dual metal promoted Mn-Fe spinels which are reduced and operated in a fixed-bed reactor provide exceptionally high catalytic activity and selectivity in the conversion of CO/H.sub.2 to high molecular weight hydrocarbons. These copper and Group IA or IIA metal promoted iron-manganese catalysts maintain good activity and selectivity to C.sub.5 + hydrocarbons, and give low selectivity to CO2.

Abstract: A solid, acid catalyst, supported or unsupported, comprised of an anion modified Group IVB oxide is used to dimerize C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 containing feedstreams.

Abstract: Highly crystalline stannosilicates are formed by reacting a tin salt with a source of silica and a hydroxide of a Group IA or Group IIA metal or an amine.

Abstract: Highly crystalline stannosilicates are formed by reacting a tin salt with a source of silica and a hydroxide of a Group IA or Group IIA metal or an amine.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker chemical composition used in an oil or gas stimulation operation which comprises: a breaker chemical; and a pinhole free coating of an ionically and covalently crosslinked neutralized sulfonated elastomeric polyer of about 2 to about 80 microns thick deposited onto the surface of the breaker chemical, wherein said polymer encapsulates the breaker chemical, wherein the polymer is permeable to the breaker chemical and the polymer is non-reactive to the breaker chemical.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a Group VIII noble metal catalyst which has been contaminated with coke during a reforming process. The method comprises (a) burning off the coke from the catalyst, (b) redispersing the noble metal on the surface of the catalyst support by contacting the catalyst with halogen gas and carbon dioxide, and (c) chemically reducing the catalyst. The presence of carbon dioxide in the redispersing step improves the activity of the regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: Processes for the conversion of hydrocarbons, and most preferably methane, to higher hydrocarbons and olefins are disclosed, including contacting the hydrocarbons with a mixed metal oxide catalyst having the pyrochlore structure. Preferably, these catalysts have the general formula A.sub.n B.sub.2 O.sub.7-x, where A can be various mono-, di-, and trivalent metal cations, B can be various tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexavalent metal cations, 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.2.0, and 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.0. Novel, high surface area, mixed metal oxide catalysts having the pyrochlore structure are also disclosed, including those having the formula A.sub.2 B.sub.2 O.sub.7, where A is divalent and B is niobium and/or tantalum, and those having the formula A.sub.2 (Sn.sub.2-y A.sub.y)O.sub.7-z, where A is bismuth and/or lead, 0.0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1.0, and 0.0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.0.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker chemical composition used in a fracturing process in the protection of an oil or gas stimulation operation which comprises: a breaker chemical; and a pinhole free coating of a neutralized sulfonated elastomeric polymer of about 2 to about 80 microns thick deposited onto the surface of the breaker chemical, wherein said neutralized sulfonated polymer encapsulates the breaker chemical, wherein the neutralized sulfonated polymer is permeable to the breaker chemical and the neutralized sulfonated polymer is non-reactive to the breaker chemical.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker chemical composition used in a fracturing process in an oil or gas stimulation operation which comprises: (a) a breaker chemical; (b) a water soluble sealing layer, such as urea, having a thickness within the range of about 1 to about 30 microns deposited on the surface of said breaker chemical and encapsulating said breaker chemical; and (c) a pinhole free coating of a neutralized sulfonated elastomeric polymer of about 2 to about 80 microns thick deposited onto the surface of the coated breaker chemical, wherein said neutralized sulfonated polymer encapsulates the breaker chemical and is permeable to the breaker chemical.

Abstract: New copper-potassium promoted iron-zinc catalysts wherein the iron:zinc atomic ratio is 5:1 or greater, exhibit improved activity, selectivity and stability in the synthesis of alpha-olefins from hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer which is characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein x is 50 mole percent or 662/3 mole percent or 75 mole percent and y+z is 50 mole percent, when x is 50 mole percent, y+z is 331/3 mole percent, when x is 662/3 mole percent, and y+z is 25 mole percent, when x is 75 mole percent, wherein the molar ratio of y to z is about 100:1 to 1:100, and M.sup.+ is hydrogen or a metal cation selected from the group consisting of lead, aluminum, iron and Groups IA, IIA, IB and IIB of the Periodic Table of Elements and the level of sulfonation based upon the styrene monomer is about 75 to about 100 mole percent, and R is an alkyl group having about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A sample of a hydrocarbon oil containing asphaltenes is chromatographically analyzed by forming a mixture of the oil with a weak solvent. The mixture is passed in contact with a column of a stationary phase of fine solid particles of fully functionalized material, followed by a weak solvent. The solvent, after recovery from the column, is analyzed for aromatics by UV-absorption of UV radiation in the range 200 to 400 nm. The absorbance of the UV light by the irradiated eluents across the UV wavelength range is monitored and the integral of absorbance is derived as a function of photon energy across the wavelength range. The magnitude of the derived integral in at least one time interval corresponding with aromatics in the eluent from the stationary phase is measured as an indication of the level of aromatics in the oil sample. The weak solvent may be followed by a strong solvent which, in turn, may be followed by a strong solvent which is modified by the addition of a hydrogen bonding solvent.

Abstract: An improved pretreatment method for preparing powdered catalysts with well controlled particle size distributions that are free of sub 1 micron particles comprising dispersion of the powdered catalyst in liquid comprised of either a) a hydrocarbon containing low levels of a surfactant or, b) a surfactant containing polar protic solvent, followed by decantation of the suspended finely divided sub 1 micron particles and repeating said sequence until essentially 90% of the sub 1 micron particles have been removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to elastomeric reinforced thermoplastic blend compositions which exhibit improved mechanical properties, wherein the thermoplastic blend compositions comprise a blend of a metal neutralized copolymer of ethylene and methacrylate with about 1 to about 40 weight percent of a metal neutralized EPDM terpolymer.