Abstract: A method (and apparatus) is disclosed for the spectroscopic determination of the amount .alpha..sub.Nn of one constituent N of a fluid mixture 0 in another constituent n of the mixture, following separation of the mixture into its constituents 1,..., M (where n, N.ltoreq.M). The method involves determining the absorptivities an (n=1,...,N) of the M constituents from spectroscopic measurements and computing the amount .alpha..sub.Nn from a mathematical expression containing the absorptivities a.sub.n and a.sub.N which are expressed or expressible as the quotient a.sub.n /a.sub.N only. The method is insensitive to changes in the absorptivities due to feed variability or changes in upstream process conditions, since any changes in the numerator and denominator of the quotient used are affected correspondingly. A modification to the method involves determining the content .alpha..sub.N0 of constituent N in feed 0 from a mathematical expression containing a.sub.0, where a.sub.

Abstract: A fresh, reduced hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst is activated by contact with hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures and in the presence of liquid hydrocarbons, preferably, sufficient to immerse the catalyst therein.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for hydroisomerizing wax containing feeds comprises a Group VIII metal on an alumina or silica-alumina support having less than about 35 wt % silica and is surface treated with at least about 0.5 wt % silica or a silica precursor.

Abstract: A composite having fibers of relatively high elastic modulus embedded in a matrix of relatively low elastic modulus is provided with an interphase of elastic modulus less than the matrix modulus and cohesive energy higher than the matrix cohesive energy. The resulting composite has enhanced strength and toughness.

Abstract: A cobalt- or ruthenium-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, subjected to short term, reversible, partial deactivation in a slurry synthesis process can be rejuvenated, i.e., at least about 80+% catalyst activity recovery, by treating the catalyst in the presence of liquid hydrocarbons, preferably the slurry hydrocarbons, with hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: An organic salt, 2,4 Diamino-6-mercapto pyrimidine sulfate, has been combined with oxysalts of group VB or IVB of the periodic table to provide inorganic/organic inhibitor formulations having excellent corrosion resistant characteristics.

Abstract: Natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide is treated at well-head pressures by contact with a crystalline substituted or unsubstituted stannosilicate for removal of hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A composite comprising a urea substrate and ionically and covalently crosslinked, neutralized, sulfonated EPDM elastomeric coating encapsulating the urea.

Abstract: A copper promoted cobalt manganese spinel useful for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of olefins and higher paraffins is prepared from an aqueous solution of cobalt and manganese salts of at least one alpha-hydroxy aliphatic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The addition of water into a Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis reaction zone employing passing a CO and H.sub.2 feed mixture over a catalyst comprising cobalt, ruthenium and mixtures thereof preferably on a titania support and which may include a promoter metal, that results in 90% CO conversion to hydrocarbons and increased C.sub.5 + hydrocarbon selectivity, along with a decrease in methane production.

Abstract: A method for the separation of benzene from a hydrocarbon stream, such as a gasoline boiling range stream, which comprises contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing the benzene from the stream, hydrogenating the adsorbed benzene to cyclohexane, and desorbing the cyclohexane from the adsorbent. The hydrogenation of the benzene to cyclohexane facilitates the removal of the benzene from the adsorbent.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker chemical composition used in a fracturing process in an oil or gas stimulation operation which comprises: (a) a breaker chemical; (b) a water soluble sealing layer, such as urea, having a thickness within the range of about 1 to about 30 microns deposited on the surface of said breaker chemical and encapsulating said breaker chemical; and (c) a pinhole free coating of a neutralized sulfonated elastomeric polymer of about 2 to about 80 microns thick deposited onto the surface of the coated breaker chemical, wherein said neutralized sulfonated polymer encapsulates the breaker chemical and is permeable to the breaker chemical.

Abstract: Highly crystalline substituted stannosilicates are formed by reacting a tin salt with a source of silica and a source of germanium, aluminum, zinc, gallium, and a hydroxide of a Group IA or Group IIA metal or an amine or alkylammonium compound.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker chemical composition used in a fracturing process in the protection of an oil or gas stimulation operation which comprises: a breaker chemical; and a pinhole free coating of a neutralized sulfonated elastomeric polymer of about 2 to about 80 microns thick deposited onto the surface of the breaker chemical, wherein said neutralized sulfonated polymer encapsulates the breaker chemical, wherein the neutralized sulfonated polymer is permeable to the breaker chemical and the neutralized sulfonated polymer is non-reactive to the breaker chemical.

Abstract: A composite comprising a substrate and a polymeric coating adhered to at least one surface of said substrate, said polymer coating having a thickness of about 1 to about 100 micrometers, wherein said polymer coating comprises an ionically and covalently crosslinked neutralized carboxylated polymer having a carboxylate content of about 5 to about 300 meq. per 100 grams of said ionically and covalently crosslinked neutralized carboxylated polymer.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for hydroisomerizing wax containing feeds comprises a Group VIII metal on an alumina or silica-alumina support having less than about 35 wt % silica and is surface treated with at least about 0.5 wt % silica or a silica precursor.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker chemical composition used in an oil or gas stimulation operation which comprises: a breaker chemical; and a pinhole free coating of an ionically and covalently crosslinked neutralized sulfonated elastomeric polymer of about 2 to about 80 microns thick deposited onto the surface of the breaker chemical, wherein said polymer encapsulates the breaker chemical, wherein the polymer is permeable to the breaker chemical and the polymer is non-reactive to the breaker chemical.

Abstract: New copper-potassium promoted iron-zinc catalysts wherein the iron:zinc atomic ratio is 5:1 or greater, exhibit improved activity, selectivity and stability in the synthesis of alpha-olefins from hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The activity of supported cobalt catalysts for hydrocarbon synthesis is maximized by carrying out the reduction at conditions that keep both the partial pressure of water vapor and the maximum reduction temperature below critical maximum values. For titania supported cobalt catalysts, the preferred maximum water partial pressure is one atmosphere and the preferred maximum reduction temperature is 375.degree. C.

Abstract: Quartenized derivatives of oligoquinoline have been reacted with refractory metal oxysalts to generate oligoquinolinium metal oxide salts which provide excellent corrosion inhibition of iron based alloy articles in sulfur containing media.