Abstract: A process for brominating a styrenic polymer in an organic solvent in the presence of an antimony trihalide catalyst such that a reaction mass containing brominated styrenic polymer in an organic phase is formed is improved by mixing hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, or both, with said reaction mass at least once to extract antimony catalyst residues from said reaction mass as an acidic aqueous phase. Preferably, catalyst residues are recovered from the acidic aqueous phase and still more preferably, recovered antimony trihalide catalyst residues are recycled to constitute at least a portion of the antimony trihalide catalyst used in preparing the brominated styrenic polymer.

Abstract: A method of controlling microbial contamination of poultry carcasses in the processing of poultry as food products is described. The method comprises contacting the carcasses with an aqueous medium containing an effective microbial inhibiting amount of active bromine resulting from the addition to the medium of (i) at least one 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dialkylhydantoinin which one of the alkyl groups is a methyl group and the other alkyl group contains in the range of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms or (ii) a solution thereof, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). Such contacting inhibits contamination of the carcasses by microorganisms, even at least some bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics or antibacterials. Also described are improvements in a poultry chill tank containing an aqueous medium and a plurality of poultry carcasses in contact with the medium.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of producing granules. This method comprises roll compaction of a 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin/binder blend, followed by feeding the compacted product obtained from the roll compactor into a mechanical device, where the compacted product is broken into granules. The blend comprises (i) at least one powdery or finely-divided 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin in which each halogen atom is either chlorine or bromine, in which one of the alkyl groups in the 5-position is a methyl group, in which the other alkyl group in the 5-position has in the range of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and in which the particle size is larger than about 20 microns, and (ii) a binder quantity of a micronized synthetic polyolefin-based hydrocarbon wax. The binder quantity of wax is in the range of about 0.5 to about 2 wt %, based on the total weight of the 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin and the wax.

Abstract: Bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) products of enhanced properties and processes for preparing them are described. One of the processes includes (a) mixing and reacting neopentyl glycol and bisphenol-A-bis(dichlorophosphate) in an inert polar organic solvent which (1) if mixed by itself with an equal volume of water at 25° C., will form a separate phase, (2) the solvent by itself will dissolve at least about 10 wt % of bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) at a temperature in the range of 25 to 50° C., and optionally but preferably (3) the solvent by itself can be completely vaporized at a temperature below about 180° C.; (b) washing bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) product formed in a) while dissolved in inert organic solvent having such characteristics at least once with an aqueous alkaline washing solution; and (c) optionally but preferably, recovering bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) product from organic solvent having such characteristics.

Abstract: A method to produce high quality lube oil products involving hydrotreating a waxy feed to produce a hydrotreated feed and subsequently hydrodewaxing the hydrotreated feed and hydrofinishing the hydrodewaxed feed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for atomizing a fluid is disclosed herein. The fluid is mixed with an atomizing fluid in a plurality of locations and passed through a nozzle.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a hydrotreated liquid distillate stream to produce a stream exceptionally low in sulfur as well as aromatics. A hydrotreated distillate stream is further hydrotreated in a co-current reaction zone wherein the reaction product is passed to a separation drum wherein a vapor product is collected overhead and a liquid product is passed to a aromatics saturation zone countercurrent to the flow of hydrogen treat gas.

Abstract: A process for producing distillate boiling range streams that are low in both sulfur and aromatics. A distillate feedstock is treated in a first hydrodesulfurization stage in the presence of a hydrogen-containing treat gas and a hydrodesulfurization catalyst, thereby resulting in partial desufurization of the stream. The partially desulfurized distillate stream is then treated in a second hydrodesulfurization stage, also in the presence of a hydrogen-containing treat gas and a hydrodesulfurization catalyst. The hydrogen-containing treat gas is cascaded from the next downstream reaction stage, which is an aromatics hydrogenation stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting cycle oils produced in catalytic cracking reactions into light olefin and naphtha. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for hydroprocessing a catalytically cracked light cycle oil in order to form a hydroprocessed cycle oil containing a significant amount of tetralins. The hydroprocessed cycle oil is then re-cracked in an upstream zone of the primary FCC riser reactor.

Abstract: In an embodiment, the invention relates to a method for mitigating filter fouling from a coker gas oil by decomposing oligomers present in the gas oil.

Abstract: A cavitation enhanced atomizing process comprises forming a flowing solution of the liquid to be atomized and a lower boiling cavitating liquid. This flowing solution is then contacted with a pressure reducing means, at a temperature below the bubble point of the cavitating liquid in the solution, to produce cavitation bubbles. These bubbles comprise cavitation liquid vapor and the bubble nucleation produces a two-phase fluid of the bubbles and liquid solution. The two-phase fluid is passed downstream into and through an atomizing means, such as an orifice, and into a lower pressure atomizing zone, in which the bubbles vaporize to form a spray of liquid droplets. The nucleated bubbles also grow in size as the so-formed two-phase fluid passes downstream to and through the atomizing means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for controlling afterburning in the regenerator of a FCC unit. The process and apparatus inject steam into the dilute phase within a regenerator to promote combustion of carbon monoxide before it enters the regenerator cyclones, plenum, or flue gas transfer lines.

Abstract: A process for substantially decreasing fouling in a refinery unit. The process comprises preheating a feed to said refinery unit reactor zone and there-after introducing the feed into said refinery unit reactor zone for reaction. The feed is preheated for a time and at a temperature sufficient to cause an effective amount of any polymers and/or oligomers contained in feed to decompose or unzip to substantially reduce fouling in the refinery unit.

Abstract: A process for preparing a lubricating oil basestock containing at least about 90% saturates. The process employs a bulk catalyst comprising at least one non-noble Group VIII metal and two Group VIB metals and wherein said metal catalyst further comprises a non-noble Group VIII molybdate in which at least a portion but less than all of molybdenum is replaced by tungsten.

Abstract: A process for reducing the amount of mercaptan sulfur in a petroleum stream without significantly changing its octane value. The process comprising a three-phase system wherein the petroleum stream to be treated is passed through a fixed bed of catalyst in the presence of a stripping gas. The stripping gas can be either hydrogen containing gas or an method wherein the composition of the catalyst utilized varies according to the stripping gas.

Abstract: A four stage process for producing high quality white oils, particularly food or medicinal grade mineral oils from mineral oil distillates. The first reaction stage employs a sulfur resistant hydrotreating catalyst and produces a product suitable for use as a high quality lubricating oil base stock. The second reaction stage employs a hydrogenation/hydrodesulfurization catalyst. The third stage employs a reduced metal sulfur sorbent producing a product stream which is low in aromatics and which has substantially “nil” sulfur. The final reaction stage employs a selective hydrogenation catalyst that produces a product suitable as a food or medicinal grade white oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for opening naphthenic rings of naphthenic ring-containing compounds, along with catalysts which can be used in that process. The ring opening is accomplished using a ring opening catalyst comprising Ir on a composite support of alumina and acidic silica-alumina molecular sieve. The ring opening activity is not significantly deactivated by exposure to oxygen at greater than about 250° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating naphtha. The method comprises providing naphtha feed, and the naphtha feed comprises naphthene ring-containing compounds. The naphtha feed is contacted with a ring opening catalyst containing a Group VIII metal under conditions effective to ring open the naphthene rings to form a ring opened product. The ring open product can then be contacted with a catalytic cracking catalyst under effective cracking conditions to form an olefin product. The olefin product will be particularly high in ethylene and propylene content.

Abstract: A process for isomerization dewaxing of a hydrocarbon feed which includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a large pore size, small crystal size, crystalline molecular sieve and an intermediate pore size, small crystal size, crystalline molecular sieve to produce a dewaxed product with a reduced pour point and a reduced cloud point. In a preferred embodiment, the feed is contacted with the molecular sieves sequentially, first with the large pore sieve followed by the intermediate pore sieve.

Abstract: Low sulfur gasoline of relatively high octane number is produced from a catalytically or thermally cracked, olefin-rich, sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream by hydrodesulfurization followed by treatment over an acidic catalyst containing a molecular sieve belonging to the MCM-22 family in combination with a metal component, preferably selected from the transition elements of the 4th and 5th periods of the Periodic Table. The treatment over the acidic catalyst in the second step restores the octane loss which takes place as a result of the hydrogenative treatment and results in a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the hydrocarbon feed.