Abstract: Contaminated aqueous systems can be cleaned using an ultra-filtration process that allows for the recovery of high yields of the surfactant employed therein for recycle and reuse. The system employs a specific class of sugar-derived nonionic surfactants which remain polar and solvated at the higher operating temperatures of the system. Specifically, these are sugar-derived nonionic surfactants more definitively known as the alkyl polyglycosides and the alkyl glucomides. The surfactant/contaminant-containing aqueous system is ultra-filtered resulting in the surfactant passing through with the permeate at extremely high yields for recovery and reuse.

Abstract: The invention relates to a descaling formulation comprising cellulose microfibrils, in which at least 80% of the cells have primary walls and not more than 20% of the cells have secondary walls, with a degree of crystallinity of not more than 50%. The pH of the formulation is less than or equal to 1 and more particularly less than or equal to 0.5.

Abstract: Silica compatible with flavors, exhibiting, at an RP/DA abrasivity lower than or equal to 10, a compatibility with flavors which is higher than 10% and, at an RP/DA abrasivity higher than 10, a compatibility with flavors of at least 30%. Process for the preparation of flavor-compatible silica by treating the surface of a silica originating from the reaction of an alkali metal silicate with an inorganic or organic acidic agent, the silica being in dry form or in an aqueous suspension, with the aid of an organic compound capable of developing hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds with, respectively, the Si--OH silanol groups or the SiO.sup.- anionic groups at the surface of the said silica to be treated, the said treated silica being subsequently, if necessary, isolated and/or washed and/or dried. Use in dentifrice compositions and dentifrice compositions including the said silica.

Abstract: The present invention relates to silicas, in particular precipitated silicas, which can be used in particular as abrasive agents in toothpaste compositions. The silicas according to the invention have, first of all, low specific surfaces. Their BET specific surface is between 20 and 75 m.sup.2 /g, preferably between 35 and 64 m.sup.2 /g. The invention also relates to a process for their preparation and to the toothpaste compositions containing them.

Abstract: Concentrated mixtures of three or more surfactants dissolved or dispersed in a stable form in water and which contain an acyl isethionate, an imidazoline surfactant, and at least one additional anionic surfactant are provided.

Abstract: A polyamide resin comprising the reaction product obtained by the reaction of an acid component comprised of a major concentration of a dimer acid and minor concentration of a monobasic acid and an amine component comprised of a major concentration of a short-chain alkylenediamine, a first minor concentration of a medium-chain alkylenediamine and second minor concentration of a polyoxyalkylene diamine having a molecular weight greater than about 500 is provided. The polyamide resin is used to form a blend of containing the polyamide in a major amount by weight and a first minor amount by weight of a polar wax and a second minor amount by weight of a polyolefin elastomer. The composition is used to reinforce a footwear upper, e.g. as a print on box toe material.

Abstract: Mild and environmentally benign bis-alkylphenol alkoxylated gemini surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R independently represents alkali, R.sub.1 independently represents hydrogen EO represents ethyleneoxy radicals alkyl, R.sub.2 independently represents hydrogen, --SO.sub.3 M, --P(O) (OM).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 COOM, --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 HM, wherein M represents hydrogen, alkyl or alkaline earth metal, ammonium or an organic base salt; R.sub.3 represents alkylene of from one to about 10 carbon atoms or --C(O)--R.sub.4 --C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 represents alkylene or aryl, and --O--R.sub.5 --O-- wherein R.sub.5 represents aliphatic or aromatic moieties with the proviso that when R.sub.3 is alkylene, then R.sub.2 is not hydrogen, and a and b are numbers ranging from one to about 100, with the proviso that when R.sub.2 is hydrogen, b is not zero.

Abstract: Improved surfactant recovery for recycle and reuse upon ultrafiltration of a surfactant-containing aqueous solution can be obtained using a betaine or amide oxide amphoteric surfactant in the aqueous cleaner/contaminant solution. The surfactant passes through the ultrafiltration membrane with the water in the permeate in very high amounts while the contaminants and other undesirable components are held back in the retentate.

Abstract: A process of preparing a concentrate which is useful as a thickener for aqueous compositions is provided. The process comprises obtaining a solution of an associative thickener compound in an organic solvent capable of forming a low boiling azeotrope with water. The solution is essentially free of water at this point and is at a temperature above the boiling point of said low boiling azeotrope. Water is added to said solution and an azeotrope of water and said organic solvent is distilled. The rate of addition of water is sufficient to replace said azeotrope with water, but is insufficient to cause a second phase to form in the resulting mixture of said solution and said water. The process yields a concentrate of an associative thickener in water, which concentrate is essentially free of volatile organic solvents.

Abstract: According to the invention, an improved class of amphoteric surfactant having improved surfactant properties characterized as mild and environmentally safe has been provided comprising compounds of the formula: ##STR1## The amphoteric surfactant of the subject invention have at least two hydrophobic moieties and at least two hydrophilic groups per molecule and are useful as emulsifiers, detergents, dispersants and solubilizing agents.

Abstract: Novel liquid detergent compositions are provided which contain a high purity amphoteric surfactant, one or more anionic surfactants and a nonionic foam boosting compound.

Abstract: Latexes are thickened by compounds of the formula:R.sup.1 -(O-A).sub.a -B.sup.1 -R.sup.2 -(B.sup.2 -R.sup.3).sub.d -(B.sup.3 -(A'-O).sub.b-f -(A'-B.sup.4).sub.f -R.sup.4 -(B.sup.5 -R.sup.5).sub.e).sub.n -B.sup.6 -(A"O).sub.c -R.sup.6wherein:R.sup.1 and R.sup.6 are monovalent hydrophobic groups independently selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group, and a substituted aromatic group;R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, aromatic, or substituted aromatic radicals, each radical being divalent or trivalent;R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl and lower aralkyl;B.sup.1, B.sup.2, B.sup.3, B.sup.4, B.sup.5, and B.sup.6 are linking groups independently selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom (to form the ether linkage --O--), a carboxylate group (to form an ester linkage R.sup.2 --C(O)--O-- and/or R.sup.

Abstract: Glycolic acid or its salts is effective in stabilizing enzymes in liquid laundry detergent compositions.

Abstract: Novel aqueous thickener or thixotropic polymers are prepared by the copolymerization of (A) about 15-60 weight percent of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, preferably acrylic or methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof with itaconic or fumaric acid, (B) about 15-80 weight percent of a nonionic copolymerizable C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably a monovinyl ester such as ethyl acrylate or a mixture thereof with styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate, and (C) about 1-30 weight percent of a new and novel nonionic ethylenically unsaturated nonionic biphillic monomer such as tristyrylpoly(ethyleneoxy).sub.x methyl acrylate, to provide a stable aqueous colloidal dispersion at an acid pH lower than about 5.0 but becoming an effective thickener for aqueous systems upon adjustment to a pH of about 5.5-10.5 or higher. These polymers adjusted to a pH of about 5.

Abstract: There is disclosed a self-dispersing curable epoxy resin composition comprising the addition product of reactants comprising (a) 1.0 reactive equivalent of an epoxy resin, (b) from about 0.40 to 0.95 reactive equivalents of a polyhydric phenol, and (c) from about 0.005 to 0.5 reactive equivalents of an amine-epoxy adduct comprising the addition product of reactants comprising 1.0 reactive equivalent of a polyepoxide and from about 0.3 to 0.9 reactive equivalents of a polyoxyalkyleneamine with the structural formulaH.sub.2 N--CH(R.sub.2)CH.sub.2 --O--R.sub.1 --CH.sub.2 CH(R.sub.2)--NH.sub. 2wherein:R.sub.1 represents a polyoxyalkylene chain having the structural formula:(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.a --(CH.sub.2 --CH(R.sub.3)--O).sub.bwherein:R.sub.3 is a monovalent organic radical selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 aliphatic hydrocarbons,`a` designates a number of ethoxy groups (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O),`b` designates a number of monosubstituted ethoxy groups (CH.sub.2 --CH(R.sub.

Abstract: A novel class of nonionic gemini surfactants and methods for their preparation consist of compounds with three hydrophilic heads and two lipophilic tails of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 independently represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene, aryl or alkylaryl, or hydrogen, with the proviso that both cannot be hydrogen; R.sub.2 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene or hydrogen, (Y) represents ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or hydrogen and may be the same or different; X represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.a -- wherein a is a whole number of from 1 to 5; --S--, --S--S--, --SO.sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.a SO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.a --,--O--, --C.dbd.O, or --CH.sub.2 --NR--CH.sub.2 -- wherein R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene or hydrogen and x, y, and z are whole numbers of from about 6 to about 300.

Abstract: A surfactant composition comprising the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is: ##STR2## wherein R and R.sub.1 independently represent the same or different C.sub.1 to C.sub.36 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkene, aryl, alkylaryl and arylalkyl, said R and R.sub.1 optionally further characterized as containing ether, thioether, polyalkylene oxide, amine or quaternary ammonium, amide or ester groups; or are substituted thereby with the open valence filled by R.sub.3 wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or R, n is a whole number from 2 to about 4, m is 0 to 10, v is 0 or 1, w is 0, 1, or 2 and x and y are whole number integers of from 1-50.More specifically, R and R.sub.1 can individually represent: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 independently is selected from the group defined by R and z is 0 or a whole integer.

Abstract: A method for the surface stabilization of sand and/or soil is provided. The method is comprised of applying an aqueous polymer dispersion to the surface layer of soil. The aqueous polymer dispersion is comprised of triesters of glycerol with lower aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, citric acid triesters with lower aliphatic monohydric alcohols and/or epoxidized triglycerides of at least partly olefinically unsaturated fatty acids as biodegradable plasticizers in aqueous polyvinyl acetate dispersions.

Abstract: A process for preparing blends or slurries of acyloxyalkane sulfonate salts is provided. The salts have the formula:R.sub.1 C(O)O(CH.sub.2).sub.n SO.sub.3 Ywherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having from about 6 to about 26 carbon atoms, n is an integer of from 2 to 4 and Y is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. The blend also comprises an amphoteric and/or anionic surfactant. The first step of the process comprises acylating an alkane sulfonic acid with a fatty acid at a temperature above about 180.degree. C. forming a molten reaction mass of acyloxyalkane sulfonate salts. In the next step, the molten reaction mass is quenched in an aqueous quench liquid comprising an amphoteric and/or anionic surfactant. Finally, a blend comprising an acyloxyalkane sulfonate and an amphoteric and/or anionic surfactant is recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of citraconic anhydride. More precisely, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of citraconic anhydride from a starting material comprising itaconic acid.The process for the preparation of citraconic anhydride may be performed continuously starting from itaconic acid, or continuously or in a batchwise manner starting directly from a fermentation broth of itaconic acid or of by-products from the manufacture of itaconic acid.