Abstract: A permanent magnet structure comprising one or more truncated hollow cyliical flux source (HCFS) segments with the end faces of each segment covered by superconducting sheets. In the case of a plurality of axially aligned segments, the array may be arranged to provide a periodic magnet structure suitable for use in a wiggler.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to fiber optic connector keying arrangements which prevent the unintended mixing of traffic when a plurality of similar fiber optic cables are to be interconnected with electronic equipment handling traffic of various types and classifications. The connector assembly at each end of a fiber optic cable comprises a hermaphrodite connector end plug (i.e., a keying insert) that has an end face configuration which is unique to that particular cable. The equipment (bulkhead) connector assembly to be connected to a given cable also includes a keying insert end plug which is identical to that of the cable. Thus, a given cable connector can be connected or coupled to, and only to, a similarly configured, bulkhead, connector assembly. Each cable comprises at each end a unique, keying insert, end plug and, therefore, each cable can be connected to only one similarly configured, bulkhead connector; and, undesirable connections, and consequent traffic mixing, are thereby precluded.

Abstract: An azimuthally circumscribed section of a hollow hemispherical magnetic flux source (i.e., a quarter-spherical or one eighth-spherical structure) has a superconducting planar sheet abutting one flat face of the section and, at least, a second planar sheet of selected material (e.g., paramagnetic or diamagnetic) abutting another flat face of the section and perpendicular to the first sheet. The magnetic "mirror" image of the magnetic section in the diamagnetic (superconductor) plane and the virtual (anti-mirror and/or mirror) image(s) in the other perpendicular plane(s) makes the central cavity appear (magnetically) exactly as if a complete "magic sphere" were its source. The central or working cavity is readily accessible through a hole in the first or second planar sheet.

Abstract: A permanent magnet structure comprising multiple hollow substantially cylrical flux sources embedded one within another about an axially extending center passage such that each flux source is free to rotate in either direction by any desired angular magnitude independent of the motion of the other(s). In the case of a plurality of axially aligned truncated HCFS structures, the array may be arranged to provide a periodic magnetic Structure suitable for use in a wiggler, or with a helical locus suitable for use in a twister.

Abstract: A railgun with superconducting rails. The device features rails made from ceramic materials capable of becoming superconducting at relatively high temperatures. Some embodiments utilize rails made entirely from superconducting ceramics while other embodiments utilize rails with metallic cores covered by layers of superconducting ceramics. Cooling of the superconducting ceramic to a temperature below its critical temperature is accomplished by liquid nitrogen cryorefrigerator or a compressed gas cryorefrigerator.

Abstract: A periodic permanent magnet stack comprises a plurality of aligned, juxtaed, hollow hemispherical flux sources each of which produces a uniform high-field in its hemispherical central cavity. The magnetic field orientations in the central cavities are axially directed and alternate or reverse in direction from hemisphere to hemisphere. An axial bore hole through the stack provides a continuous channel or path through which a beam of charged particles will travel.

Abstract: An electromagnetic railgun. The device features two electrically connected arallel rails. One end of each rail may be connected to a D.C. voltage source. At least one of the rails has a hole for closely receiving a metallic projectile. When the projectile is within the hole and the voltage is applied, currents flow through the two rails. Interaction of the currents with the self generated magnetic field causes a repulsive force between the two rails and launches the projectile outward from the rails.

Abstract: An electromagnetic railgun. The device features two electrically connected parallel rails. One end of each rail may be connected to a D.C. voltage source. At least one of the rails has a hole for closely receiving a metallic projectile. When the projectile is within the hole and the voltage is applied, currents flow through the two rails. Interaction of the currents with the self generated magnetic field causes a repulsive force between the two rails and launches the projectile outward from the rails.

Abstract: A hollow spherical flux source produces a uniform high-field in its central cavity. The sphere is comprised of a selected magnetic material whose magnetization is aximuthally symmetrical. The magnetic orientation (.alpha.) in the spherical permanent magnet shell is given by the equation:.alpha.=z.theta.where .theta. is the polar angle.

Abstract: An electromagnetic railgun. The device features two electrically connected parallel rails. One end of each rail may be connected to a D.C. voltage source. At least one of the rails has a hole for closely receiving a metallic projectile. When the projectile is within the hole and the voltage is applied, currents flow through the two rails. Interaction of the currents with the self generated magnetic field causes a repulsive force between the two rails and launches the projectile outward from the rails.

Abstract: A hollow hemispherical flux source produces a uniform high-field in its central cavity. The hemisphere is comprised of a selected magnetic material whose magnetization is azimuthally symmetrical. The magnetic orientation (.alpha.) in the hemispherical permanent magnet shell is given by the equation:.alpha.=2.theta.where .theta. is the polar angle. A planar plate of high saturation, high permeability material closes the open end of the hemisphere. An axial bore hole through the hemisphere and/or through the planar plate provides the requisite accessability.

Abstract: Periodic permanent magnet structures comprise a plurality of azimuthally cumscribed sections of hollow spherical flux sources such that each flat face of said sections abuts one or more superconducting planar sheets. The superconducting sheets act as magnetic mirrors to complete the magnetic image of the sections. This produces a uniform high field in the central cavity(s). Each spherical section has an axial bore hole through its magnetic poles. The flux sources are arranged tangent to each other with the bore holes coaxially aligned to form a continuous channel through which charges particles may travel.

Abstract: Periodic permanent magnet structures comprise a plurality of hollow spherl magnetic flux sources each of which produces a uniform high-field in its spherical central cavity. Each sphere has an axial bore hole through its magnetic poles. The spheres are disposed tangent to each other with the axial bore holes of the same coaxially aligned to form a continuous channel or path through which a beam of charged particles can travel.

Abstract: A traveling wave type amplifier. The device features a pair of short helical input and output couplers through which an electron beam is projected. Application of an RF signal to the couplers serves to modulate the electron beam. A drift tube to be positioned between the couplers is dimensioned to attenuate the RF signal while permitting the modulated electron beam to pass through. An amplified output signal is extracted from the output helix. Gain of the tube is enhanced by a linearly decreasing magnetic focussing field.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment a plurality of toroidally shaped magnets of slar size and configuraton are placed in a stack side-by-side in coaxial alignment. Alternate magnets in the stack are magnetized so that the magnetic dipole moment of each is oriented in the radial direction. An axial magnetized toroidal magnet is disposed between each pair of adjacent radially magnetized magnets. The magnetic orientation of the succesive toroidal magnets of the stack rotates continually in one direction in increments of 90.degree. or .pi./2 radians from the magnet at one end of the stack to that at the other end.

Abstract: A layer of metal is deposited on a mask substrate and then covered with a layer of negative electron resist. A delineation of the peripheral boundaries of the desired mask geometry is carried out by means of a direct-write electron beam. After development and etching, the peripherally defined metal boundaries are all that remain on the substrate. The substrate is then covered with a positive electron resist. The mask is, next, raster scanned with a low intensity beam until a boundary is detected and then the beam intensity is increased significantly to a level sufficient to expose the positive resist. The scan and exposure continue until the mating peripheral boundary is detected and then the beam is rapidly decreased in intensity to its former low detection level. The positive resist subjected to the exposure level beam intensity is removed and a layer of metal is evaporated over the entire mask substrate.

Abstract: A railgun with superconducting rails. The device features rails made from ceramic materials capable of becoming superconducting at relatively high temperatures. Some embodiments utilize rails made entirely from superconducting ceramics while other embodiments utilize rails with metallic cores covered by layers of superconducting ceramics. Cooling of the superconducting ceramic to a temperature below its critical temperature is accomplished by liquid nitrogen cryorefrigerator or a compressed gas cryorefrigerator.

Abstract: Truncated clad magnetic structures producing a strong magnetic field within an interior working space and having minimal external flux leakage. Cladding magnets are added to structures which otherwise must be theoretically infinite. The cladding magnets, specially shaped so that their exterior surfaces are at zero magnetomotive potential, permit the use of truncated structures without loss of field strength or uniformity. Cladding formulas give approximate values which can be made more nearly exact by successive approximations in cladding thickness variations.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for mounting IC chips or dice onto substrates crises the use of (a pair of) electrically conductive electrodes placed on a substrate below the location where the IC chip is to be mounted. The electrodes are separated a distance that is approximately equal to the width of the IC chip to be mounted. A resistor material is disposed between the electrodes, or may even be integral therewith. The IC chip is placed above the resistor material, it is insulated from the latter, and it abuts a layer of bonding material (e.g., eutectic solder or epoxy) on its underside. A voltage applied to the electrodes heats the resistor material which, in turn melts or cures the bonding material to thereby secure the IC chip in place on the substrate.

Abstract: Permanent magnet structures are fabricated from a plurality of hollow cylrical flux sources, the sources displaced radially from each other progressively along the structures' elongate axes so as to produce a heliform magnetic field extending centrally in a passage through the structures. Superconducting plates are interspersed between adjacent flux sources and also cover the end faces of the array.