Abstract: Process for preparing an aldehyde by hydrolysis of a monohalide and a dihalide, thereby obtaining a mixture of an alcohol and an aldehyde, and further reacting said mixture with manganese dioxide to convert said alcohol to said aldehyde.

Abstract: Polyurethanes can be produced using dihydroxyaromatic compounds as chain extenders. Preferred polyurethanes of this type are RIM (reaction injection molding) molded products or cast elastomers. The dihydroxyaromatic compounds are preferably selected from:I. dihydroxybenzenes and alkyl-substituted dihydroxybenzenes wherein the alkyl groups have up to about 6 carbon atoms and the total number of carbon atoms in the alkyl groups in said alkyl-substituted dihydroxybenzene is up to about 12 carbon atoms, andII. alkylene bridged, alkyl-substituted bisphenols wherein the alkylene bridge contains up to about 6 carbon atoms and the total number of carbon atoms in the alkyl groups attached to each benzenoid nucleus is at least one but does not exceed about 12;said dihydroxyaromatic compounds being further characterized by having no more than one tert-alkyl group on a position adjacent to any hydroxy group.

Abstract: Deposit formation in distillation units, particularly column reboiler units, associated with the separation and purification of dialkyl phosphorochloridothioates from a crude material containing oxygenated compound impurities, is inhibited by incorporating in the feed stock a minor proportion (generally about 0.05 to about 15.0 weight percent) of the condensation product of phenol, and preferably a high molecular weight alkylphenol, an aldehyde and an amine having a H--N< group.

Abstract: A process for the selective formation of ethanol and methyl acetate by contacting methanol, hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst comprising rhodium and iron in the reduced state deposited on a support of alumina containing a minor amount of an alkaline metal at reaction conditions correlated so as to favor the formation of a substantial proportion of ethanol and methyl acetate.

Abstract: Phenols with a methyl group substituted on the phenolic benzene ring, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, can be produced by reacting a halomethyl group substituted on a phenol such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-chloromethylphenol, with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, such as palladium.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, having improved resistance to the formation of emulsion-sludge in the area under the engine rocker cover, which contains the combination of an oxyalkylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde condensation product and tetra polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene derivative of ethylene diamine.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, having improved resistance to the formation of emulsion-sludge in the area under the engine rocker cover, which contains the combination of an oxyalkylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde condensation product and an oxyalkylated trimethylolalkane.

Abstract: Engine fuel economy is improved by adding a friction-reducing amount of a boronated N-hydroxymethyl aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide to the engine crankcase oil.

Abstract: Engine friction is reduced by using in the engine crankcase a formulated motor oil containing a small amount of a reaction product of a fatty acid and monoethanolamine. A di-lower alkyl hydrocarbylphosphonate can optionally be included.

Abstract: Deposit formation in distillation units, particularly column reboiler units, associated with the separation and purification of dialkyl phosphorochloridothioates from a crude material containing oxygenated compound impurities, is inhibited by incorporating in the feed stock a minor proportion (generally about 0.05 to about 15.0 weight percent) of an acylated amine prepared by reacting a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic compound with an alkylene amine or a hydroxyalkyl-substituted alkylene amine.

Abstract: Aromatic amine hydrochloride having an unsubstituted ortho or para position reacts with dimethylsulfoxide forming methylenebis aromatic amine.

Abstract: Lubricating oil formulated for use in an engine crankcase having improved anticorrosion property imparted by addition of a minor amount of the combination of (A) a block-oxyalkylated trimethylol alkane containing an initial hydrophobic block of propyleneoxy and optionally random ethyleneoxy units and a terminal hydrophilic block of ethyleneoxy and optionally random propyleneoxy units and (B) an oxyethylated alkylphenol.

Abstract: Organic material is stabilized against oxidative degradation by the addition of a small amount of an antioxidant compound or mixture of compounds containing a central segment of one to about ten divalent o-hydrocarbyl phenyl groups (e.g. o-tert-butylphenol) bonded to each other through a methylene group and having terminal 3,5-dihydrocarbyl-4-hydroxybenzyl groups at each end. They are made by first condensing o-hydrocarbyl phenol with formaldehyde and then reacting the intermediate with 2,6-dihydrocarbyl phenol and formaldehyde.

Abstract: Mixing dibromostyrene with a metal oxide such as zinc oxide lengthens the induction period before polymerization of dibromostyrene. Preferably, the dibromostyrene has low levels of 2-bromoethyldibromobenzene and tribromostyrene impurities.

Abstract: Oxygenated compounds can be prepared by contacting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a solid catalyst containing rhodium, tungsten and an alkali metal.

Abstract: Organic material such as lubricating oil is stabilized against oxidative degradation by addition of an alkyl aniline (e.g. 2,4,6-triethylaniline; 2-sec-butyl-6-ethylaniline), monoethyldiphenylamine and/or N-(2-amino-3-ethyl-.alpha.-methylbenzylidene)-2,6-diethylaniline or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Exhaust hydrocarbon emissions from an internal combustion engine being operated on gasoline containing a cyclopentadienyl manganese antiknock are reduced by the addition of an exhaust emission reducing amount of a polyester of a polymerized carboxylic acid to the gasoline.

Abstract: A process for selectively preparing alpha-olefins having from 2 to about 22 carbon atoms by contacting a gaseous mixture containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen with an iron titanate-alkali metal hydroxide catalyst at reaction conditions correlated so as to favor the formation of a substantial proportion of such alpha-olefin product.

Abstract: A process for selectively preparing alpha-olefins having from 2 to about 22 carbon atoms by contacting a gaseous mixture containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen with an iron tungstate-alkali metal hydroxide catalyst at reaction conditions correlated so as to favor the formation of a substantial proportion of such alpha-olefin product.

Abstract: Metal bromides, and particularly alkali and alkaline earth metal bromides, are prepared from a basic metal compound and bromine in the presence of added formaldehyde as a reducing agent.