Abstract: A process for producing hexene-1 oligomer by a process which comprises oligomerizing hexene-1 in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, such as boron trifluoride, and a promoter, such as water, the improvement comprising dissolving hexene-1 in a hydrocarbon solvent comprising 10-75% of the reaction mixture and conducting the oligomerizing in the hydrocarbon solvent. The hydrocarbon solvent has a minimum boiling point of 60.degree. C. There is an increase in both the reaction rate and trimer yield of product.

Abstract: Dibromostyrene is stabilized against unwanted polymerization by incorporating therein a stabilizing amount of a phenylene diamine such as N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphenylene-p-diamine or N,N'-diethylphenylene-p-diamine.

Abstract: Dibromostyrene has a marked tendency to polymerize on storage. The induction period can be lengthened with the use of a stabilizing quantity of n-propylgallate. The induction period can be markedly prolonged when the gallate ester is admixed with phenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, or 4-tert-butyl catechol.

Abstract: Lubricating oil properties are improved by the addition of the reaction product of an aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydride, an amino pyrrolidone and a boronating agent.

Abstract: A process for selectively preparing ethanol by contacting methanol, hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a solid catalyst comprising rhodium and iron in the reduced state deposited on a support of alumina impregnated with a promoter amount of a heterocyclic amine at reaction conditions correlated so as to favor the formation of a substantial proportion of ethanol.

Abstract: A process for selectively preparing ethanol by contacting methanol, hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a solid catalyst comprising rhodium and iron in the reduced state deposited on a support of alumina impregnated with a promoter amount of a heterocyclic amine at reaction conditions correlated so as to favor the formation of a substantial proportion of ethanol.

Abstract: Diaryl ethers such as 3-phenoxytoluene are made by heating an aromatic hydroxy compound or mixture of such compounds with aluminum or an aluminum phenoxide forming compound such as aluminum trialkyl.

Abstract: Engine crankcase lubricating oil containing a dihydrocarbyl hydrocarbylphosphonate (e.g. diethyl octadecylphosphonate) exhibits reduced friction which results in an increase in gasoline mileage thus conserving energy.

Abstract: Dibromostyrene has a marked tendency to polymerize on storage. The induction period can be lengthened with the use of a stabilizing quantity of n-propylgallate. The induction period can be markedly prolonged when the gallate ester is admixed with phenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, or 4-tert-butyl catechol.

Abstract: Methyl groups on N-methyl aromatic amines are redistributed to ring positions by heating in contact with an aluminum anilide catalyst and a nickel, cobalt, molybdenum or titanium-containing cocatalyst. For example, N-methyl-o-toluidine forms a mixture containing substantial quantities of 2,6-dimethylaniline, 2,4-dimethylaniline, and 2,4,6-trimethylaniline.

Abstract: Small amounts of paraformaldehyde and a carboxylic acid are added to a reaction mixture of trialkylbenzene and 3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol to thereby increase the yield of the product: trialkyl-tris(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene. The reaction catalyst, sulfuric acid or a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, is not adversely affected by the additional ingredients.

Abstract: Dibromostyrene is stabilized against unwanted polymerization by incorporating therein a stabilizing amount of phenothiazine or a substituted phenothiazine such as 3,3'-dioctylphenothiazine. The phenolthiazine can be admixed with a dihydroxy aromatic compound such as 4-methyl catechol.

Abstract: An improved fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, and a minor amount of iron pentacarbonyl capable of improving the octane number rating of the composition but insufficient to cause excessive wear in engine parts when the fuel composition is burned in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Friction of internal combustion engines is reduced by adding to the lubricating oil or fuel used in such engine a minor amount of a friction-reducing additive. The additive is the reaction product of a N-alkanol hydrocarbylamide such as N-ethanol oleamide with a boron compound such as boric acid.

Abstract: A process for selectively preparing dimethyl ether and methanol by contacting a gaseous mixture containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a rhodium-molybdenum catalyst at reaction conditions correlated so as to favor the formation of a substantial proportion of these products.

Abstract: (Cyclo)alkylenediammonium compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is halogen, R is an alkylene or cycloalkylene group containing 2-15 carbon atoms, each R' alone is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl group, and R'-R' together represent an alkylene, cycloalkylene, or aralkylene group are prepared by esterifying a tetrahalophthalic anhydride with a mono- or dihydroxyalkane, -cycloalkane, or -aralkane having a boiling point below 250.degree. C. to form a half-ester and then reacting the half-ester with a stoichiometric amount of a diaminoalkane or diaminocycloalkane containing 2-15 carbon atoms.The (cyclo)alkylenediammonium compounds of the invention are useful as flame retardants for normally flammable organic polymers and also have utility as intermediates for the preparation of N,N'-(cyclo)alkylene-bis-tetrahalophthalimides, which are also useful as flame retardants. The imides are prepared simply by heating the diammonium compounds.

Abstract: Reaction of 3-phenoxytoluene with bromine at elevated temperature yields 3-phenoxybenzyl bromide, 3-phenoxybenzal bromide, or a mixture thereof. In contrast to teachings of the prior art, phosphorus halide catalysis or u.v. activation is not required to achieve a desirable amount of side-chain bromination with a minimum of nuclear halogenation. For example, it was observed that at 265.+-.5.degree. C., good yields of the desired benzyl and benzal bromide were obtained, but no nuclear halogenated by-product was detected by gas chromatography.

Abstract: Engine fuel economy is improved by adding a friction-reducing amount of a N-hydroxymethyl aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide to the engine crankcase oil or fuel.

Abstract: Methyl groups on o-methyl aromatic amine are redistributed to ortho positions by heating in contact with an aluminum anilide catalyst and a nickel, cobalt, molybdenum or titanium-containing cocatalyst. For example, o-toluidine forms a mixture containing an aniline, o-toluidine, 2,6-dimethylaniline, and 2,4-dimethylaniline.

Abstract: Exhaust hydrocarbon emissions of an internal combustion engine being operated on gasoline containing a cyclopentadienyl manganese antiknock are reduced by the addition of a dimer or a trimer acid or mixture of a dimer and a trimer acid produced by the polymerization or condensation of an unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having between 16 and 18 carbon atoms per molecule to the gasoline.