Abstract: In fabricating a reverse osmosis spiral wound apparatus for the separation of organic fluid mixtures, especially for the separation of dewaxing solvents containing ketone from dewaxed oil by permeation through a permeable membrane such as pretreated regenerated cellulose or asymmetric polyimide a special epoxy adhesive formulation is used to form the membrane element edge seals which serve to define separate permeate zones and feed stream zones. This special adhesive formulation is characterized by having a relatively long pot life, (i.e. will not set too quickly) permitting it to be easily handled during application to the membrane edges in the course of element fabrication, as well as being flexible (trimable) and of proper viscosity.

Abstract: This invention relates to solvent dewaxing processes for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbon oil distillates employing a dewaxing aid which dewaxing aid is a mixture of (a) a poly-dialkylfumarate/vinyl acetate copolymer and (b) a wax-naphthalene condensation product. Component (a) has pendent alkyl side chain groups of from 16 to 30 carbon atoms in length (excluding branching) with an average pendent side chain carbon length of predominantly (>50%) C.sub.22. Component (a) has a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to 100,000 preferably greater than about 5,000. Component (b) has a number average molecular weight of at least about 1,000. The combination (a) and (b) may be employed in a weight ratio (A)/(B) within the range from about 1/10 to 20/1 preferably about 1/3 to 6/1 most preferably about 3/1 and at an aid dose level ranging from about 0.005 to 2.0 wt. % preferably 0.01 to 0.2 wt. % active ingredient.

Abstract: It has been discovered that (a) poly di alkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers in combination with (B) poly alkyl (meth-) acrylate polymers are effective dewaxing aids for the solvent dewaxing of bright stocks. The poly di alkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymer component of the combination dewaxing aid used in the process of the present invention has a number average molecular weight of about 1000 to 100,000 and possesses alkyl side chain moieties of from C.sub.16 -C.sub.24.sup.+ in length (excluding branching) with a pendent side chain length of predominantly (>50%) C.sub.20. The polyalkyl (meth-) acrylate is the polymeric ester of aliphatic alcohols having groups 10 to 20 carbons in length, excluding branching (pendent side chain length predominantly (>50%) C.sub.14 and lower) and acrylic or (meth-) acrylic acid (preferably methacrylic acid) and possesses a number average molecular weight of at least 5,000.

Abstract: This invention relates to solvent dewaxing processes, for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbon oils using a dewaxing aid, which dewaxing aid comprises a mixture of (A) polyalkyl arcylate having alkyl group side chain length of from 10-26 carbons (excluding branching) and (B) an n-alkyl methacrylate polymer having alkyl group side chain length of from 10-20 carbons (excluding branching). Component (A) typically has a number average molecular weight of from 3,000 to 500,000 while component (B) typically has a number average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 200,000. The combination (A) plus (B) may be employed in a weight ratio within the range from about 1/100 to 100/1, preferably about 1/6 to 2/1 and at an aid does level ranging from about 0.01 wt % to 1 wt %, preferably 0.02 to 0.2 wt % active ingredient.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a surface modified catalytically active zeolite which method comprises chemically modifying a zeolite by reaction, under dry, anhydrous conditions, with an organosilane wherein the starting zeolite has some sites available for reacting with the organosilane and some protected sites which are prevented from reacting with said organosilane which remain to be the catalytically active sites. The organosilane chosen should be capable of entering into the channels of the zeolite and chemically reacting with the available sites present therein, as well as reacting with the available hydroxyl groups present on the external surface of said zeolite.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the solvent dewaxing of wax containing hydrocarbon oils, preferably waxy petroleum oils most preferably waxy lubricating or transformer oils. The process employs methyl tertiary butyl ether as the dewaxing solvent, either alone or in combination with other dewaxing solvents such as ketones, halogenated hydrocarbon anti-solvents, and mixtures thereof. The use of methyl tertiary butyl ether as a dewaxing solvent, or in combination with conventional dewaxing anti-solvents permits lower volumes of solvent to be employed in the dewaxing process while simultaneously producing an oil of lower wax content and lower dewaxed oil pour point at the same filter temperature as that commonly employed using conventional dewaxing solvents. Dewaxed oil yields for equivalent pour point are 3 to 4% higher with the MTBE system.

Abstract: An improved process for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbon oils, wherein said waxy oil is cooled in an indirect chilling zone to a temperature greater than the wax separation temperature whereby wax is precipitated to form a wax-oil-solvent slurry, cooling the slurry to the wax separation temperature in an indirect chilling zone thereby precipitating a further portion of wax from said waxy oil and separating said precipitated wax from the wax-oil-solvent slurry in solid-liquid separation means, the improvement comprising using as the indirect chilling zone an indirect heat exchanger means operated at a high level of agitation. Expressed in terms of Impeller Reynolds Number the agitation is on the order of about 1,000 to 1,000,000.Alternatively, the direct chilling zone is totally replaced by the high agitation indirect heat exchanger means.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for solvent dewaxing bright stock waxy raffinate oil employing a dewaxing aid which dewaxing aid is a mixture of (a) poly di alkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers and (b) a wax-naphthalene condensate. The dewaxing aid mixture is a mixture of (a) poly di alkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymer having a number average molecular weight of about 1,000 to 100,000, preferably 5,000 or greater, possessing alkyl side chain moieties of from C.sub.16 -C.sub.24+ in length (excluding branching) with an average pendent side chain length of predominantly (>50%) C.sub.20 and (b) a wax-naphthalene condensation product having a number average molecular weight of about 1,000 and greater. The combination (a) plus (b) may be employed in a weight ratio within the range from about 45/55 to 1/100, preferably about 1/3, and at an aid dose level ranging from about 0.005 to 2.0 wt %, preferably 0.01 to 0.2 wt % active ingredient.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbon streams, preferably petroleum streams, most preferably lube and specialty oil streams and in particular transformer oils are rendered resistant to oxidation by treatment with a silver salt impregnated adsorbent, preferably silver nitrate impregnated alumina by the process of contacting the hydrocarbon oil stream with the silver salt impregnated adsorbent and recovering a hydrocarbon stream of reduced pro-oxidant heteroatom compound (nitrogen compound and sulfur compound) content. The silver salt impregnated adsorbent is regenerated by sequential washing with portions of aromatic solvent and polar solvent. The aromatic solvent strips aromatic sulfides from the adsorbent. This fraction may be recombined with the hydrocarbon stream, especially in the case of transformer oils, so as to enhance the oxidation stability/resistance of the oil. The polar solvent, such as 3% methanol in toluene, strips the aliphatic sulfides from the absorbent. The regenerated column is then ready for reuse.

Abstract: An improved dewaxing aid for solvent dewaxing process comprising a mixture of (A) an .alpha.-olefin polymer having an average molecular weight of from about 10,000 to 1,000,000 and a wide molecular weight distribution exceeding the range of from about 10,000 to 1,000,000 but falling within the range of from about 2,000 to 3,000,000 wherein the .alpha.-olefin polymer is a homopolymer made up of a C.sub.10 to C.sub.25 alpha-olefin monomer or is a copolymer made up of a monomer mixture comprising more than 50 wt. % of at least 2 C.sub.10 to C.sub.25 alpha-olefin monomers and a melt index greater than 1.8 g/10 min. and (B) an olefin vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of from about 15 to 40 wt. % and an average molecular weight of from about 50,000 to 1,000,000 and a melt index greater than 2 g/10 min. The .alpha.

Abstract: Waxy, normal paraffin-type hydrocarbons present in petroleum oil feedstocks are selectively hydrocracked to hydrocarbons boiling below the boiling range of the feedstock by contacting the oil, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst comprising a hydrogen form Zeolite L crystalline alumino-silicate containing at least one catalytic metal component selected from Group VIII and/or Group VI of the Periodic Table. This process is useful for dehazing oils such as white oils, for decreasing the pour point of jet fuels, for dewaxing lube oil feedstocks, including transformer oils and simultaneously reduces the aromatics content of the oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for solvent dewaxing waxy hydrocarbon oil distillates employing a dewaxing aid which dewaxing aid is a mixture of (a) poly(meth-)acrylate polymers and (b) polydialkylfumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers. The dewaxing aid mixture is selected from the group of mixtures consisting of a mixture of (a) poly(meth-)acrylate polymer which is an ester of a C.sub.10 to C.sub.22 aliphatic alcohol with acrylic or methacrylic acid and has a number average molecular weight greater than about 5,000 and (b) polydialkylfumarate/vinyl acetate copolymer wherein the pendent alkyl side chain group contains from 16-30 carbon atoms but is primarily i.e. >50% C.sub.22 (preferably behenyl), and the component (B) has a number average molecular weight of about 1,000 to 100,000, preferably about 5,000 to 50,000.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of high surface area metal fluorides and metal oxyfluorides comprising reacting high surface area metal oxides with a fluorocarbon vapor wherein the fluorocarbon is selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.4-Q F.sub.Q wherein Q is 1 to 3 and totally or partially fluorinated C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cyclic alkanes, preferably fluoroform (CHF.sub.3) wherein the metal oxides and the fluorocarbon vapors are contacted at a temperature of from about 300.degree. to about 800.degree. C., for a time sufficient to effect the essentially complete conversion of the metal oxides into metal fluorides or the partial conversion of the metal oxides into metal oxyfluorides.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to shear thickening fluids which comprise a water swellable clay capable of rapidly forming a paste having a strength of at least 2000 lbs/100 ft.sup.2 upon interaction with the aqueous phase employed and present in sufficient concentration to form such a paste, a nonaqueous phase comprising a hydrocarbon material and surfactant, and an aqueous phase comprising water and a water-soluble polymer, wherein the clay and the aqueous phase are kept separated by the intervening hydrocarbon-surfactant phase. The intervening oil phase prevents the interaction between the water-polymer phase and the clay and results in a stable, non-reacting, pumpable composite, until such time as the oil barrier is ruptured by deliberate application of a sufficiently high shear force. Upon such rupture, the materials interact resulting in a semi-rigid high strength paste.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of chalcogenides of ruthenium, rhodium, osmium and iridium transition metals of the Periodic Table of the Elements which comprises mixing in the absence of an aqueous solvent a Group VIII transition metal salt with a source of chalcognide, said chalcogenide being selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, yielding a precipitate of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, and osmium and iridium, X is sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 0.1 to about 3, preferably 0.1 to about 2.5. By the practice of the nonaqueous synthesis technique, Group VIII chalcogenides are prepared which are finely divided, have a high surface area, small particle size and small crystallite size which are also free of excess sulfur, water and/or hydrolysis products. Layered stoichiometric osmium disulfide is prepared by this technique.

Abstract: A method is described for selectively dewaxing a waxy hydrocarbon oil feedstock which method comprises contacting said waxy hydrocarbon oil stock in the presence of hydrogen with a zeolite (1) which has been chemically modified by reaction, under dry, anhydrous conditions, with an organosilane wherein the zeolite has some reactive sites capable of reacting with the organosilane and where said organosilane is: (a) capable of entering into the channels of the zeolite and chemically reacting with the reactive sites present therein, as well as (b) reacting with hydroxyl groups present on the external surface of said zeolite, and (2) which has been loaded with a catalytically active hydrogenating metal component; which contacting is conducted under conditions of pressure, temperature and liquid flow velocities sufficient to effect the hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: An improved dewaxing aid for solvent dewaxing processes comprising a mixture of (a) lithium isostearate and (b) a polymer of an ester of at least one aliphatic alcohol with methacrylic acid or acrylic acid having an average molecular weight ranging from between about 300,000 to 2,000,000. The lithium isostearate, when combined with the acrylic polymer, synergistically improves the efficiency of wax separation. This has been found to be especially useful for dewaxing heavy petroleum oil fractions, such as bright stocks.

Abstract: Ash-contaminated solid or semi-solid fuel is passed into the bottom zone of a fluidized bed gasifier, preferably containing CaO to fix labile sulfur moieties, and gasified at a temperature below the ash-softening point. The resulting char and ash of relatively low size and/or weight pass to a top zone of the bed wherein the char is gasified at a temperature above the ash-softening point whereby a substantial proportion of the ash sticks to and agglomerates with solids in the top zone until the particle size and/or weight of the resulting agglomerates causes them to sink to the bottom of the gasifier from where they can be recovered. The hot gases leaving the top of the gasifying bed have a reduced burden of entrained ash, and may be cooled to prevent any entrained ash adhering to downstream equipment through which the gases pass.

Abstract: In processes for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbon feedstream containing organic sulfur comprising contacting said feedstream with a catalyst for a time at a temperature and pressure sufficient to effect the desired catalytic change on the feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered composition of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and uranium, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof, y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3. The catalyst is prepared by reacting neat or in the presence of a nonaqueous solvent a Group IVb to VIIb or uranium metal salt, and a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, and mixing the reactants at temperatures below 400.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressures.

Abstract: A warm-up deoiling process for lube oil slack wax wherein cold slack wax from a solvent dewaxing operation is warmed up and mixed with solvent to dissolve foots oil contained therein and passed to a rotary drum filter to recover solid wax and a filtrate comprising a solution of foots oil and solvent wherein said filtrate is contacted with one side of a semi-permeable membrane made from regenerated cellulose which selectivity permeates at least a portion of solvent through said membrane and recycling the permeated solvent directly back into the warm-up deoiling operation as part of the solvent mixed with the slack wax.