Abstract: The yield and quality of products secured from cracking units is increased by the process of subjecting the product stream secured from such cracking unit to a selective aromatics removal process and recycling the recovered aromatics lean (saturates rich) stream to the cracking unit whereby such saturates rich stream is subjected to increased conversion to higher value desired products.

Abstract: In a solvent recovery plant including a recovery or distillation tower from which solvent product is recovered overhead, an isothermal separator, preferably a cyclone, is used to separate liquid phase contaminant (i.e. oil in a lubricating oil extraction process) in overhead product and to feed the separated liquid to the recovery tower as reflux. In addition, a portion of the feed to the tower can be branched off and mixed with the overhead product to bring its temperature down to close to the dew point of the solvent vapor. In this way, flooding of the uppermost tower trays and distillation of oil overhead can be overcome.

Abstract: The amount of elemental sulfur or other sulfur contaminant picked-up by refined hydrocarbon product such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene or fuel additive such as ether, which is pipelined in a pipeline used to transport sour hydrocarbon fluids, is reduced by controlling the level of dissolved oxygen in the refinery hydrocarbon product to which is to be pipelined, said dissolved oxygen level being held to a level of about 30 wppm and less, preferably about 20 wppm and less. The dissolved oxygen level in the refined hydrocarbon product is controlled by reducing the amount fair injection employed in mercaptan or disulfide reduction production increases or by the use of oxygen scavengers prior to the introduction of the refined hydrocarbon product into the pipeline, or by limiting the exposure of the product to air in oxygen during transport or storage.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved selective solvent extraction process wherein a hydrocarbon feed stream containing a mixture of aromatics and non-aromatics is contacted with an aromatics selective solvent in an extraction zone to produce an aromatics rich extract phase and an aromatics lean raffinate phase, water in a carefully controlled amount is added to the recovered extract phase resulting in the separation of the extract phase into a hydrocarbon rich pseudo-raffinate which is recycled to the extraction zone for processing with fresh feed and an increased yield of raffinate of higher quality than is obtained without pseudo-raffinate recycle.

Abstract: This invention relates to synthetic based turbo oils, preferably polyol ester-based turbo oils which exhibit exceptional load-carrying capacity by use of a synergistic combination of sulfur (S)-based and phosphorous (P)-based load additives. The S-containing additive of the present invention is thiophene carboxylic acid (TCA) derivatives, preferably TCA per se or thiophene C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoic acid and the P-containing additive is one or more amine phosphate(s). The turbo oil composition consisting of the dual P/S additives of the present invention achieves an excellent load-carrying capacity, which is better than or equivalent to that obtained when each additive was used alone at a higher treat rate than the total P/S additive combination treat rate, and this lower concentration requirement of the P and S additive allows the turbo oil composition to meet or exceed US Navy MIL-L-23699 requirements including Oxidation and Corrosion Stability and Si seal compatibility.

Abstract: An aviation turbo oil having improved load carrying ability (extreme pressure capacity) comprising a major portion of a base oil stock and a minor portion of a mercaptobenzoic acid or mixture of mercaptobenzoic acids.

Abstract: This invention relates to synthetic based turbo oils, preferably polyol ester-based turbo oils which exhibit exceptional load-carrying capacity by use of a synergistic combination of sulfur (S)-based and phosphorous (P)-based load additives. The S-containing additive of the present invention is 2-alkylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5 alkanoic acid (ATAA) obtained by reacting 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) with alkyl bromide and subsequently reacting the intermediate with haloalkanoic acid. The P-containing additive is one or more amine phosphate(s). The turbo oil composition consisting of the dual P/S additives of the present invention achieves a superior load-carrying capacity over that obtained when each additive was used alone at individual treat rates higher than the total additive combination treatrate, and also meets or exceeds US Navy MIL-L-23699 requirements including Oxidation and Corrosion Stability and Si seal compatibility.

Abstract: This invention relates to synthetic based turbo oils, preferably polyol ester-based turbo oils which exhibit exceptional load-carrying capacity by use of a synergistic combination of sulfur (S)-based and phosphorous (P)-based load additives. The S-containing additive of the present invention is alkylthiosuccinic acid, preferably C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 linear alkyl thiosuccinic acid and the P-containing additive is one or more amine phosphate(s). The turbo oil composition consisting of the dual P/S additives of the present invention achieves an excellent load-carrying capacity, which is better than or equivalent to that obtained when each additive was used alone at a comparable treat rate to the total P/S additive combination treat rate, and this lower concentration requirement of the P and S additives allows the turbo oil composition to meet or exceed US Navy MIL-L-23699 requirements including Oxidation and Corrosion Stability and Si seal compatibility.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved isomerization process employing a catalyst wherein the catalyst comprises a pair of catalyst particles of different acidity utilized either as distinct beds of such discrete particles or as a mixture of such discrete particles. The isomerization process utilizing such a catalyst produces a product which exhibits higher VI as compared to products produced using either catalyst component separately or using a single catalyst having the average acidity of the two discrete catalysts.

Abstract: The oxidation stability of polyol ester based lithium soap thickened greases is improved by use of a synergistic antioxidant combination comprising a mixture of (alkylated) diphenyl amine and phenothiazine.

Abstract: A high temperature long bearing life grease is disclosed comprising a wax isomerate based base stock plus an antioxidant consisting of a metal salt and a diphenyl amine. The base stock may be 100% wax isomerate oil or mixture of wax isomerate oil and mineral oil boiling in the lube oil boiling range.

Abstract: A lubricant oil composition having balanced antiwear/extreme pressure and stability properties while providing friction reduction which comprises:(1) a major amount of a lubricating oil basestock; and(2) a minor amount of an amine phosphate salt of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is C.sub.9 to C.sub.22, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbyl, R.sub.4 is c.sub.10 to c.sub.20 hydrocarbyl, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen to c.sub.10 to c.sub.20 hydrocarbyl; wherein the amine phosphate salt is soluble in the lubricant oil basestock at 25C, is a liquid at 25C, and the ratio of gram-atomic-equivalents of amine to phosphate in said salt is from about 1.0 to 1.2.

Abstract: Heavy metals contaminants in soils are fixed and rendered non-leachable by the process of heating the metal contaminated soil containing a hydrocarbon liquid, at an elevated temperature sufficient to convert at least a part of the liquid hydrocarbon into solid carbon or coke deposited on the surface of the soil and subjecting the thus heated soil to sufficient microwave radiation to sustain at least a partial fusion or melting process that results in a fixing of the heavy metals in the soil.

Abstract: A process for removing elemental sulfur from fluids such as refined petroleum products transported through pipelines normally used for the transport of sour hydrocarbon streams. The sulfur containing fluids are mixed with an immiscible aliphatic solution containing an inorganic caustic material, methanol or aqueous alcohol and an inorganic sulfide or hydrosulfide capable of reacting with the elemental sulfur in a mixing zone to form a polysulfide present in the immiscible alcoholic solution, passing the mixture of fluid and immiscible alcoholic solution to a phase separation zone wherein mixture separates into a fluid phase of reduced elemental and total sulfur content and an immiscible alcoholic phase containing polysulfides, recovering the fluid phase of reduced sulfur content from the phase separation zone, recovering the immiscible alcoholic phase containing polysulfide from the phase separation zone and recycling the immiscible alcoholic solution to the mixing zone.

Abstract: A lubricant oil composition suitable for use as a tractor hydraulic fluid which comprises (a) a lubricating oil base stock which is a blend of a major amount of paraffinic mineral oil and a minor amount of a naphthenic mineral oil, and (b) a blend of a polymethacryalte viscosity index improver having a weight average molecular weight of 25,000 to 150,000 and a shear stability index less than 5 and a polymethacryate viscosity index improver having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 to 1,000,000 and a shear stability index of 25 to 60. The formulated oil composition has a kinematic viscosity of 8.0 to 9.0 cSt at 100.degree. C., a minimum kinematic viscosity of 7.0 cSt at 100.degree. C. after 30 shear cycles, a maximum Brookfield viscosity of 17,000 cSt at -40.degree. C. and a maximum pour point of -45.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed comprising a thin outer shell of catalytic material bonded to an inner core of catalytically inert material. The catalyst is made by coating a catalytically inert core such as alpha alumina, with a thin layer of finely divided catalytically active material in a slurry of colloidal boehmite/pseudo boehmite then calcining to convert the boehmite/pseudo boehmite into .gamma. alumina thereby bonding it to the inert core. Catalysts made by this technique containing an outer shell of platinum on fluorided alumina in an inert core of alpha alumina .gamma. are attractive isomerization catalysts.

Abstract: A synthetic ester base stock having reduced deposit formation which comprises the reaction product of technical pentaerythritol and a mixture of carboxylic acids. The mixture of carboxylic acids comprises (1) at least one C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 carboxylic acid having 6 or less reactive hydrogens, (2) at least one C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 carboxylic acid having 6 or less reactive hydrogens and (3) at least one C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 carboxylic acid having 6 or more reactive hydrogens.

Abstract: An oil composition which has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of from 32 to 50 cSt and which contains less than 3 wt. percent polynuclear aromatic compounds is employed as a process oil for rubber compounds, especially aromatic rubbers. The process oil is compatible with aromatic rubbers but contains less toxic polynuclear aromatic compounds than conventional aromatic rubber process oils. Rubber products of acceptable quality are produced by the use of the said oil composition.

Abstract: Adducts of benzotriazole or substituted benzotriazole with formaldehyde or with thiadiazole or substituted thiadiazole are useful as ashless anti-wear/anti-friction/anti-oxidant additives for lubricants. Formulated lubricants containing such adducts exhibit compound levels of anti-wear, anti-friction and oxidation stability performance.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising an alkylnitrate such as a nitrate ester and hydroperoxide quinone which synergistically improves the cetane of diesel fuels and other middle distillate fractions, excluding jet.