Abstract: A process for removing metals from a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream comprises hydrotreatment in the presence of a solid catalyst composition comprising aluminum phosphate, zirconium phosphate and copper phosphate (preferably coprecipitated).

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing feed streams, which contain at least about 5 ppmw nickel and at least about 10 ppmw vanadium, are hydrodemetallized either (I) in the presence of a catalyst composition consisting essentially of (a) a support material (preferably alumina), and (b) at least one lanthanide metal compound (preferably CeO.sub.2 and/or Ce.sub.2 O.sub.3); or (II) in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising (a) a support material (preferably alumina), (b) at least one lanthanide metal compound (preferably La.sub.2 O.sub.3) and (c) at least one manganese compound (preferably at least one manganese oxide).

Abstract: A process for preparing primarily gamma-butyrolactone comprises the step of contacting under suitable reaction conditions a succinic anhydride containing feed stream and hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising (a) substantially metallic nickel, (b) at least one oxide selected from oxides of cerium and zirconium, and (c) a silica-containing support. In another embodiment, the above described catalyst composition is provided.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing feed streams (preferably heavy gas oils and hydrotreated residua) having an initial boiling point of at least 400.degree. F. are catalytically cracked in the presence of a cracking catalyst comprising a faujasite-type zeolite having a unit cell size of about 24.28-24.48 A and an an alkali metal content of less than about 0.5 weight percent and being substantially free of iron ions. Preferably, the faujasite-type zeolite has an atomic Si:Al ratio in the crystalline framework of about 8:1 to 21:1 and has been partially dealuminated by a process comprising steam treatment followed by acid leaching.

Abstract: Catalyst composition comprising chemically bound copper, phosphorus and oxygen used for oligomerizing olefins to C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbons. The preferred catalyst composition comprises a mixture of copper(II) orthophosphate, zirconium orthophosphate and aluminum orthophosphate, preferably formed by coprecipitation.

Abstract: A hydrotreating (hydrovisbreaking) process comprises the step of contacting under suitable conditions (A) a substantially liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream containing more than 0.1 weight-% Ramsbottom carbon residue, (B) a hydrogen-containing gas and (C) a liquid catalyst composition, which has been prepared by mixing (a) water, (b) at least one alkali metal sulfide or hydrogen sulfide or ammonium sulfide or hydrogen sulfide and (c) at least one molybdenum-oxygen compound, wherein the atomic ratio of S:Mo in this liquid catalyst composition is in the range of from about 0.6:1 to about 3.0:1, preferably from about 0.8:1 to 2.3:1. Preferably, (b) is (NH.sub.4).sub.2 S and (c) is MoO.sub.3.

Abstract: A two-stage hydrotreating process comprises the steps of (1) contacting a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, which contains nickel, vanadium and Ramsbottom carbon residue, with hydrogen and a solid inorganic refractory material (preferably alumina) for at least partial removal of Ni and V, and then (2) hydrovisbreaking the intermediate product stream from step (1). Preferably, step (2) is carried out in the presence of at least one decomposable compound of a metal, preferably a molybdenum dithiophosphate.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises (a) alumina, (b) zinc titanate, (c) at least one compound of molybdenum, (d) at least one compound of at least one of nickel and cobalt, and (e) at least one compound of rhenium. This catalyst composition is used for hydrotreating a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, which contains organic compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen under such conditions as to obtain a product having reduced levels of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Preferably the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream contains cycloalkanes, which are at least partially reformed to aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A composition of matter consisting essentially of alumina and at least one compound (preferably oxide) of yttrium and/or zirconium is provided and is employed as a catalyst in the hydrotreating of a substantially liquid hydrocarbon containing feed stream (particularly a heavy oil) which also contains compounds of nickel, vanadium and sulfur. The preferred preparation of the catalyst compositions of this invention comprises at least one impregnating step using a solution containing at least one aluminum compound, which is at least partially converted to aluminum oxide in a subsequent calcining step.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by dissolving a suitable oxygen containing compound of a Group VIB metal (preferably Mo), a suitable compound of a Group VIII metal (preferably Ni) and phosphorous acid in water, mixing this solution with an alumina containing support material, and calcining this mixture. This catalyst composition is used primarily for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feed stream, which contain nitrogen and sulfur impurities, particularly heavy cycle oils.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting alkanes and cycloalkanes having up to 20 carbon atoms per molecule to a product comprising hydrogen gas and dehydrogenated and/or dehydrocyclized hydrocarbons, in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising vanadium oxide and aluminum phosphate. The preferred product components are aromatics such as ethylbenzene and xylenes. In one embodiment, a substantially deactivated catalyst composition is regenerated by contacting it with a free oxygen containing gas under suitable regeneration conditions.

Abstract: Curable conductive rubber blends of (A) a Masterbatch blend of an (a) dispersing component having a limited compatibility with rubber and (b) a conductor selected from conductive carbon blacks and metal powders, is (B) blended with (c) a rubber, and the resulting conductive blend is then cured/molded as desired. The technique provides a method/product uniformly electrically conductive of very low resistivity with quite modest amounts of conductive filler.

Abstract: A process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, preferably having an API.sup.60 gravity of about 5-30, wherein at least a portion of off-gases is treated so as to remove C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins therefrom, and the off-gas stream having a reduced olefin content is then recycled to the catalytic cracking zone.

Abstract: A process for preparing primarily gamma-butyrolactone comprises the step of contacting under suitable reaction conditions a succinic anhydride containing feed stream with hydrogen gas, in the presence of a catalyst comprising metallic nickel and an aluminum phosphate containing support.

Abstract: A process for preparing primarily gamma-butyrolactone comprises the step of contacting under suitable reaction conditions a succinic anhydride containing feed stream and hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising (a) substantially metallic nickel, (b) at least one oxide selected from oxides of cerium and zirconium, and (c) a silica-containing support. In another embodiment, the above described catalyst composition is provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing dihydrocarbyl sulfides comprises the step of simultaneously contacting (a) a dialkyl sulfoxide, preferably dimethyl sulfoxide, with (b) a hydrocarbyl halide, particularly an alkyl or alkenyl bromide, and (c) a metal carboxylate, preferably an alkali metal acetate, under such conditions as will produce at least one alkyl hydrocarbyl sulfide or alkenyl hydrocarbyl sulfide.

Abstract: A process for preparing silica-alumina compositions suitable as catalyst material comprises mixing a first aqueous solution containing an aluminum salt (preferably KAl(SO.sub.4).sub.2) and an ammonium salt (preferably (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4) with a second solution containing an alkali metal silicate (preferably Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3), wherein the concentration of the ammonium salt is chosen so as to afford coprecipitation of silica-alumina hydrogel (preferably at a pH of about 3-6). The silica-alumina hydrogel is then separated, optionally dried, and calcined. Calcined silica-alumina can be employed as cracking catalysts or as supports for hydrofining/hydrocracking catalysts.

Abstract: In a process for dehydrocyclization of C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkanes in the presence of steam and a bed of a catalyst containing a Group IIA or IIB metal aluminate and a Group VIII metal, an oxygen containing gas is injected into the catalyst bed. The results of the oxygen injection are the internal generation of heat, a lower required steam to hydrocarbon ratio, and increased yield of aromatics.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins to C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbons comprises contacting, under suitable reaction conditions, at least one olefin having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule, free hydrogen and a catalyst composition comprising chemically bound copper, phosphorus and oxygen. Preferably, the olefin is propylene or 1-butene. The preferred catalyst composition comprises a mixture of copper(II) orthophosphate, zirconium orthophosphate and aluminum orthophosphate, preferably formed by coprecipitation.

Abstract: Higher ketones prepared by contacting under suitable reaction conditions a feed stream comprising (a) a lower ketone having 3-5 carbon atoms per molecule and (b) carbon monoxide with a catalyst composition comprising copper oxide, zinc oxide and, optionally, alumina. The formed higher ketones contain at least one carbon atom per molecule more than the lower feed ketone, preferably methyl ethyl ketone.