Abstract: Arsines are removed from streams of hydrocarbons or inert gases by contacting the streams with copper (II) chromite catalyst.

Abstract: Arsines are removed from gaseous stream, e.g., hydrocarbon or inert gas streams, comprising arsine impurities and also hydrogen sulfide, by contacting these gas streams with a sorbent material comprising copper oxide and zinc oxide. Preferably, the sorbent material is prepared by coprecipitating of hydroxides of copper and zinc and subsequent heating the hydroxides so as to convert the hydroxides to CuO and ZnO. Optionally, aluminum oxide is also present in the sorbent material.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by dissolving a suitable oxygen containing compound of a Group VIB metal (preferably Mo), a suitable compound of a Group VIII metal (preferably Ni) and phosphorous acid in water, mixing this solution with an alumina containing support material, and calcining this mixture. This catalyst composition is used primarily for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feed stream, which contain nitrogen and sulfur impurities, particularly heavy cycle oils.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by dissolving a suitable molybdenum and oxygen containing compound (preferably MoO.sub.3), a suitable divalent copper and/or manganese compound and a suitable phosphorus and oxygen containing compound (preferably H.sub.3 PO.sub.4) in water, mixing this solution with an alumina-containing support material, and calcining this mixture. This catalyst composition is used primarily for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feed streams, which contain sulfur, vanadium and nickel impurities, particularly heavy oils.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an alkadiene and/or alkatriene is contacted with a free hydrogen containing gas in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising (a) palladium metal and (b) aluminum phosphate, so as to form primarily an alkene. In another embodiment, a cycloalkadiene and/or cycloalkatriene is contacted with a free hydrogen containing gas in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising (a) palladium metal and (b) aluminum phosphate, so as to form primarily a cycloalkene. The preferred cycloalkadiene is 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and the preferred cycloalkene is cyclooctene. Optionally, an alkali metal alkoxide, e.g. lithium methoxide, and/or carbon monoxide can be present during the hydrogenation reactions to improve the selectivity to alkenes and cycloalkenes, respectively.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing polymethylbenzenes by simultaneously contacting (a) a phenolic compound, preferably phenol, with (b) a methylating agent, preferably methanol, in the presence of (c) zinc aluminate as catalyst, under such conditions as will result in the at least partial conversion of the reactants to either pentamethylbenzene or hexamethylbenzene or a mixture of both.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by dissolving a suitable vanadium and oxygen containing compound, a suitable nickel (II) compound and ammonia in water, mixing this solution with an alumina containing support material, and calcining this mixture. This catalyst composition is used primarily for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feed stream, which contain nickel, vanadium and sulfur impurities, particularly heavy oils.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing feed stream, e.g., a heavy oil or residuum, is contacted under suitable reaction conditions with a carbon monoxide containing gas, so as to produce a hydrocarbon stream having a reduced level of metal impurities, especially nickel and vanadium compounds, and an increased API.sup.60 gravity, essentially in the absence of a catalyst or extractant.

Abstract: An improved process for removing metals from heavy oils and other hydrocarbon feed streams is disclosed. The process comprises combining water with the hydrocarbon feed stream at a liquid volume ratio of about 1:50 to about 1:1, and contacting the mixture under suitable demetallizing conditions with hydrogen gas and a catalyst composition comprising (a) AlPO.sub.4 and preferably (b) a Group VIB metal, more preferably molybdenum.

Abstract: Arsenic impurities are removed from a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, preferably shale oil, by contacting it with an aqueous solution of a polyacrylamide.

Abstract: A method of pre-conditioning the walls of an olefin dimerization reactor and starting a dimerization process comprises sequential steps of introducing a first soluble homogeneous catalyst component comprising, e.g. a complex of a divalent metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron, and a second soluble homogeneous catalyst component comprising, e.g. an organoaluminum compound, at rates such that the molar catalyst feed ratio of said aluminum to said divalent metal is maintained at a first value during the pre-conditioning and startup period and at a second, higher, value during the operating period.