Abstract: Process of preparing a concentrated solution of a water-soluble anionic azo dye containing 1 to 4 sulfonic acid groups by diazotization and coupling of a diazo and coupling component, respectively, in the solvent or solvent mixture required for the concentrated solution which should have as essential solvents water and/or water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvents other than carboxylic acids. Diazotization is carried out with a nitrous acid ester of a hydroxy-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon, e.g., an alkyl nitrite. The process provides highly stable concentrated or stock solutions of unlimited miscibility with water for use in continuous dyeing methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to magnetic recording media comprising a non-magnetic base and, applied thereto, a firmly adhering magnetic coating based on a finely divided magnetic pigment dispersed in a binder which contains at least 50 percent by weight of a special polyurethane elastomer.This polyurethane elastomer is a thermoplastic polyurethane which is soluble in tetrahydrofuran and free from isocyanate groups, and which has been manufactured from (A) 1 mole of one or more hydroxyl-containing polyesters and/or hydroxyl-containing polyethers of molecular weight from 600 to 4,000, (B) from 3.5 to 15 moles of a branched-chain aliphatic diol of 4 to 10 carbon atoms or a mixture of aliphatic diols of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, of which at least 50 mole percent is a branched-chain aliphatic diol of 4 to 10 carbon atoms, (C) from 0 to 1 mole, but not more than 15 mole percent of the aliphatic diols according to B, of an aliphatic polyol with from 3 to 6 OH groups and 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and (D) from 4.

Abstract: Herbicides containing compositions of glycolic acid amides and other active ingredients.

Abstract: Apparatus useful for the malaxation of a charge such as foundry sand, a ractory or abrasive particulate-like solid, powdered marble, gravel or like building materials embodying two mixing zones to first form a pre-mix of the charge and a constituent of a binder-hardener system and then form an intimate and homogeneous mixture of the pre-mix and the other constituent of the system within a few seconds followed by immediate evacuation or emptying of the resultant mixture. At least the second mixing zone is a mixing vessel with a cylindrical or conically tapered inner wall inside of which is rotated a drive shaft with radial arms, each bearing a hammer on its outer end, the hammers orbiting in the vessel with a clearance of only a few millimeters with the inner wall to attain thin film malaxation.

Abstract: A magnetic tape cartridge consisting essentially of two hollow boxes which are connected together, by means of a closing spring, with their single open sides facing each other so as to be pivotable in one plane, a closing force being exerted upon said hollow boxes by said spring. This magnetic tape cartridge is suitable for all applications where cartridge halves must be frequently pivoted relative to one another, while being economical to manufacture.

Abstract: Printing inks which cure under the action of UV radiation. The inks consist ofA. pigmentB. a mixture of benzophenone and Michler's ketone as the photoinitiatorC. a urethane-acrylateD. an epoxy-acrylate and/orE. a N-methylol-acrylamide-ether or N-methylol-methacrylamide-ether.

Abstract: A composition which consists essentially of a mixture of oligomeric and polymeric oxidation products of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin containing carboxy, ether and hydroxy groups as obtained by the direct oxidation of a woody plant material, preferably in an aqueous suspension thereof, using alkali hypohalite in a one stage oxidation procedure or nitrogen dioxide, alkali periodate or lead tetraacetate followed by alkali chlorite or alkali hypochlorite in a two stage oxidation procedure. The resulting oxidation products as obtained by one of these specific processes are especially valuable as additives to a surface active detergent or cleaning agent.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of .alpha.,.beta.,.gamma.,.delta.-unsaturated esters containing a very high proportion of the 4(Z)-isomer, which are valuable perfume and flavor materials. The .alpha.,.beta.,.gamma.,.delta.-unsaturated esters are manufactured by a Wittig synthesis from phosphoranes and fumaraldehyde-acid esters under specific conditions.

Abstract: A process for the continuous manufacture of linear, high molecular weight, polybutylene terephthalates, in which dimethyl terephthalate is trans-esterified with 1,4-butanediol, if desired in the presence of up to 40 mole% of other starting materials which form linear polyesters, in the molar ratio of from 1:1.2 to 1:1.5, in a plurality of successive stages at temperatures rising from 160.degree. to 230.degree. C, the mixture thus obtained is passed, at from 230.degree. to 270.degree. C and from 2 mm Hg to 20 mm Hg, upward through a bundle of stationary heated tubes, and immediately thereafter through a hold tank, with the proviso that the volume of the hold tank is at least 1/4 and at most 2.5 times the volume of the tube bundle and the mean residence time in the tube bundle and hold tank together is from 10 to 60 minutes, and the precondensate thus obtained is polycondensed at from 240.degree. to 260.degree. C and from 0.1 to 2 mm Hg. with continuous formation of thin films.

Abstract: New macrocyclic ketolactones, especially 15-methyl-15-ethyl- and 15,15-dimethyl-12-oxo-15-hydroxytetradecanecarboxylic acid lactone.The new ketolactones have an intense and delicate woody musky odor and may be employed as scents and fixatives.

Abstract: Method of removing odorous formaldehyde from stabilized shaped polyoxymethylenes in which an inert gas is caused to flow over stabilized and shaped solid polyoxymethylenes at elevated temperatures not high enough to cause sticking or fusion of the polyoxymethylene, until substantially all of the volatile formaldehyde has been removed.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula: ##STR1## in which Z is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl or a radical of the formula ##STR2## Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 are hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl;Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 or Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 may together with the nitrogen form a heterocyclic ring;Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 together with the nitrogen may be a saturated unsubstituted or substituted 5-membered or 6-membered ring condensed on in the ortho-position to the nitrogen;B is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; andX is imino or oxygen.The dyes give brilliant yellow dyeings having good fastness properties on textile materials, particularly polyester materials, and in plastics.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition containing olefinically unsaturated compounds, optional conventional additives and, as photoinitiator, a mixture of a thioether of the general formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.4 is phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, furyl or styryl which may be substituted by one or more identical or different R.sup.5 's,R.sup.5 is phenyl, benzoyl, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkyl having an --O--group and 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkyl having an --S--group and 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms, alkaryl of 7 to 11 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 11 carbon atoms, NO.sub.2, CN, COOH or COOR.sup.6, R.sup.6 being an alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms,A is the alkylene group C.sub.n H.sub.2n (n = an integer of 1 to 5) which may be substituted by one or more R.sup.4 's and/or R.sup.5 's, andR.sup.1, r.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be identical or different and are each H, an R.sup.4 or an R.sup.5,and an organic amine.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for assembling a heat exchanger comprising a stack of metallic elements, more particularly a heat exchanger of the cross-flow type.

Abstract: A process for the continuous manufacture of vinylpyrrolidone polymers of low K values, wherein vinylpyrrolidone, with or without comonomers copolymerizable therewith, is polymerized in organic solvents at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressures in the presence of a source of free radicals.

Abstract: A process for separating 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone and 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone by heating a dinitroanthraquinone mixture, in a mixture of from 5 to 85 per cent by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and from 95 to 15 per cent by weight of an organic liquid which boils at from 80.degree. to 210.degree. C and is miscible in all proportions with N-methylpyrrolidone, at from 60.degree. to 180.degree. C, and separating off the undissolved material, at the extraction temperature, after the solution equilibrium has been reached. The insoluble material contains more than 85 per cent by weight, and as a rule more than 90 per cent by weight, of 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone. From the extract, it is possible to isolate the dissolved 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone together with the dissolved 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone and any byproducts which may be present.

Abstract: A dicarboxylic acid diamides is produced by reacting urea with a terephthalic, isophthalic, 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic or 1,4-cyclohexane-dicarboxylic acid at an elevated temperature of about 30.degree.-200.degree. C. and in a liquid reaction medium consisting essentially of chlorosulfonic acid or an at least 10% by weight oleum. The diamide products are widely used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and protective agents for plants.

Abstract: An azo pigment of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.1 is cyano or carbamoyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, chloro, bromo, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy or cyano;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, chloro, bromo, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, cyano, carbomethoxy, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl or methylsulfonyl; andR.sup.4 is hydrogen, chloro, bromo, methyl, methoxy or carbomethoxy.The compounds are eminently suitable as pigments in printing inks, surface coatings or plastics.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of polyamides from .epsilon.-caprolactam and/or other polyamide-forming starting compounds by polymerization and subsequent extraction of the polymer. The extract containing solvent, monomer and oligomers is concentrated in the absence of atmospheric oxygen, the surfaces which come into contact with the extract being made of materials which are inert under the conditions of the concentration process, and the concentrate, without further purification or separation, is polymerized by itself or together with other polyamide-forming starting compounds.

Abstract: The nopinylamines of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and the salts of these amines with mineral acids and with alkylcarboxylic acids of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.The manufacture of I from nopinone (II) ##STR2## by aminating hydrogenation with amines (III) ##STR3## The use of I for resolving racemates of acid or acid-forming compounds, especially of DL-pantolactone.