Abstract: An OLED structure includes a substantially flexible substrate, and at least one barrier layer disposed between the substrate and the OLED structure. The barrier layer substantially prevents contaminants from permeating a layer of organic material or the OLED structure. The barrier layer includes a glass layer that has certain components added or removed to improve its flexibility. The OLED structure may also include a substantially flexible substrate and at least one barrier layer disposed between the substrate and the OLED structure. The barrier layer includes a strain relief material. The strain relief material advantageously has at least one axis of orientation. Photonic or electronic components, or both could be substituted for the OLED.

Abstract: A material including a glass or vitroceramic substrate having a first layer and a second layer deposited thereon, each of the first and second layers including at least one transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The first layer has a roughness of more than 1 nm and the second layer has a roughness less than or equal to 1 nm. A transmittance in the visible wavelength range of the material is at least 80%. The work function of the second layer is greater than the work function of the first layer and is greater than 4.6 eV.

Abstract: An optical waveguide system exhibiting reduced noise includes a varying dispersion optical waveguide fiber and a high frequency electrical filter. The varying dispersion fiber shifts the frequency spectrum of the noise relative to that of the signal so that the noise can be filtered with substantially no effect on the signal. The varying dispersion fiber is a passive component of the optical system and is compatible with optical connecting and splicing.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an optical fiber have a small effective area and a positive dispersion suitable for use in the reshaping and regeneration of optical signals. The optical fiber according to the present invention has an effective area between about 10 ?m2 and 16 ?2, and a total dispersion between about 4 ps/nm/km and 8 ps/nm/km. Also disclosed is a method of making the inventive fiber wherein a high core relative refractive index can be achieved.

Abstract: A rotary engine having a housing and a first and second intersecting cavity disposed therein. The rotary engine includes a rotor rotatably mounted in the first cavity, the rotor and the housing defining an annular chamber therebetween, and a piston extending radially from the rotor into the annular chamber. The rotary engine further includes a valve having a combustion chamber rotatably mounted in the second cavity, and a passage formed along a circumference of an inner wall of the second cavity for delivering combustion gases from the combustion chamber to the annular chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a photonic crystal optical fiber preform by stacking and bonding individual glass disks. In one embodiment, each glass disk has a pattern of voids formed therethrough, and the pattern for each disk is the same. In another embodiment, glass blanks are formed without voids and stacked with disks having voids wherein an optical fiber preform is formed having channels closed at both ends by glass having no channels. Also disclosed is an optical fiber having channels closed at both ends by glass without channels.

Abstract: An optical fiber is disclosed in which the core region of the optical fiber is doped with Cl and F in order to reduce the viscosity mismatch between the core region and the adjacent cladding region. In one embodiment of the invention, the optical fiber is a single-mode step index optical fiber having a core region doped with Cl and F in an amount effective to produce a difference in temperature between the glass transition temperature of the core region and the glass transition temperature of the adjacent cladding region of less than about 200° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fiber optic module containing one or more optical fibers having an attenuator formed in the output end of the fibers to filter out unwanted higher order modes. The optical fibers are typically gain fibers or dispersion compensating fibers, and the attenuator consists of a coil, or a series of bends, of sufficient number and bend radius that higher order modes are reduced below a desired level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming an optical device. The method includes providing a glass aggregate. Typically, the glass aggregate is a mixture of fine glass soot particles and coarser ground or milled glass powder. The glass particles are mixed with a liquid to form a slurry which is cast in a mold to form a porous pre-form. Subsequently, the porous pre-form is consolidated into a glass object by heating the pre-form at a relatively high temperature. The method of the present invention produces optical components having substantially no striae. As a result, scattering is substantially reduced when EUV light is reflected from a component produced from the optical blank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming an optical blank. The method includes providing a green body that has a non-porous exterior portion and a porous interior portion. The interior portion is evacuated to create a vacuum in the interior portion. The green body is then pressed using a hot isostatic pressing technique to densify the green body into a solid glass optical blank. This method produces homogeneous optical blanks having substantially no striae. The method also produces dense, inclusion free glass. As a result, scattering is substantially reduced when EUV light is reflected from a component produced from optical blank employing the method of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of incorporating fluorine into a preform that may be used to produce an optical article. A method that may be used to practice the invention includes a method of making an optical fiber preform. The method includes reacting a fluorine containing precursor in a flame of a combustion burner without forming a soot, thereby forming a fluorine doping atmosphere. A further method that may be practiced to practice the invention includes the step reacting at least a fluorine containing precursor in a flame of a combustion burner, wherein the precursors reacted in the flame are substantially devoid of the element of silicon, thereby forming a fluorine containing atmosphere for the doping of a soot preform.

Abstract: The invention includes inventive methods of treating a soot preform. One method includes heating a soot preform to a temperature of less than about 1000° C. and exposing the preform to a substantially halide free reducing agent. Preferred reducing agents include carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. Another inventive method of treating the preform includes exposing the preform, in a furnace, to a substantially non-chlorine containing atmosphere comprising carbon monoxide. The preform is heated to a temperature of at least about 1000° C. Preferably this method is incorporated into the process for making an optical fiber. An additional method of treating the preform includes doping the preform with fluorine and exposing the fluorine doped preform to a substantially chlorine free atmosphere comprising at least carbon monoxide at a temperature of at least 1100° C., thereby reacting excess oxygen present in the furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the pulse width of a narrow optical pulse, particularly in a multi-mode optical fiber. A spectrograph and streak camera are combined to record optical intensity data in a 2-dimensional array resolving both wavelength and temporal dependence of the optical pulse. The data is analyzed to calculate the chromatic dispersion and then to remove it. For example, the data in different wavelength windows are time shifted relative to each other by the amount of the chromatic dispersion so that all windows have approximately the same temporal dependence. The correction may numerically establish time offsets producing the maximum cross-correlation between wavelength windows. The corrected data may then be summed over optical wavelength, and the corrected time-dependent data is further analyzed to establish optical pulse width and impulse response of the fiber. Thereby, a laser diode with relatively large spectral width can characterize a high-bandwidth fiber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a substantially gaseous halo-containing compound of an effluent of a glass manufacturing facility and a system for such method. The method includes the step of oxidizing the halo-containing compound to form a hydrogen and halo-containing compound. The method also includes the step of adsorbing a halogen of the hydrogen and halo-containing compound on a surface. The system includes at least one glass manufacturing apparatus which the operation of the apparatus in glass manufacturing generates an effluent which comprises a substantially gaseous halo-containing compound. The system also includes an oxidizer in fluid communication to receive the halo-containing compound and oxidize the compound to transform the halo-containing compound into a hydrogen and halo-containing compound. The system further includes a scrubber for receiving said hydrogen and halo-containing compound and absorbing the halogen from the hydrogen and halo-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method for delivering liquid reactants through a burner assembly to form soot used in the manufacture of glass, and in particular, optical waveguides. Due to the tendency of liquid reactants to react to form solids when exposed to water in the air, an evaporative liquid is first delivered through the burner assembly to the combustion zone. Once steady state liquid flow has been achieved in the system, the evaporative liquid is transitioned to the liquid reactant. The liquid reactant is delivered along the same path to the burner assembly, which discharges the liquid reactant into the combustion zone as an atomized liquid to form soot used in the manufacture of glass. Once the desired quantity of soot has been formed, the liquid reactant is transitioned back to the evaporative liquid while maintaining steady state flow. After the liquid reactant has cleared the system, flow of the evaporative liquid is terminated and the burner assembly flame turned off.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiple core optical waveguide fiber having a negative total dispersion and negative total dispersion slope tailored to compensate the total dispersion of a typical high performance transmission fiber over a selected wavelength range. Also disclosed is a method of making the multiple core optical waveguide fiber and a compensated link using the multiple core fiber. The simplicity of the refractive index profiles of the constituent cores provides ease of manufacture of the multiple core structure.

Abstract: An optical waveguide fiber having a thin carbon coat over the clad glass layer is disclosed. The carbon coated waveguide shows superior dynamic fatigue resistance, improved adhesion of a polymer overcoat in environmental testing, excellent attenuation stability in environmental testing, and easy colorability.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for forming soot used in making glass, and in particular, optical waveguides. A liquid precursor (66) is first fed into orifice (52) of a liquid orifice insert (48) within an injector (44) positioned within an atomizing burner assembly, and is thereafter discharged from the injector into a pressurization chamber (56). An atomization gas (70) is also fed into the pressurization chamber (56) to mix with the liquid precursor liquid stream (68) which breaks into droplets (76). The liquid precursor and atomization gas arm forced under pressure out of an atomization orifice (32) on the face of the burner (30) assembly. Flame gas (74), reaction gas (84) and shield gas (82) are ejected from burner orifices (40, 38, 36 and 34) to produce the flame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fiber optic spool which includes a spool including a barrel having opposed ends, a first flange positioned on one end of the barrel, and a second flange positioned on the other end of the barrel; and an elastic foam tube substantially surrounding the barrel under conditions whereby the foam tube is stressed radially while in its resting state on the barrel such that the foam tube resists lifting away from the barrel during rotation of the spool at speeds effective to wind or unwind at least about 25 m of optical fiber per second. Related aspects of the present invention include fiber optic spools including multi-laminar cushioning devices, such multi-laminar cushioning devices, and methods of making fiber optic spools of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making an optical fiber and an optical fiber made in accordance with the inventive method. The method includes the step of drawing an optical fiber from a multiple crucible apparatus, wherein one of the crucibles of the apparatus has a non-symmetrical orifice (not shown). The inventive fiber has at least a core and cladding. At least one section of the inventive fiber includes an orientation element.