Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for testing random numbers generated by a random number generator in real time. A stream of random bits is generated using said random number generator, then the generated random bits undergo a gap length calculation operation in which all sub-sequences having identical bit patterns are identified and the resulting gap lengths are applied to exponential averaging to obtain average gap lengths between identical bit patterns. The average gap lengths are compared to at least one predetermined acceptance range, so that if at least one of the average gap lengths falls repeatedly outside the predetermined acceptance range more than a predetermined number of times, it is determined that the generated random bits are insufficiently random.

Abstract: Various methods for performing rounding operations in a computer processor are described. A machine instruction sets the rounding mode, which is automatically applied to subsequent machine instructions. Using machine instructions to round results according to the selected rounding mode has several advantages over software-implemented rounding techniques, such as faster execution and concise code. A variety of rounding modes can be specified. Depending in part on the specified rounding mode and on the sign of the value to be rounded, a rounding term is added to the value to be rounded. Adding this rounding term ensures that the desired result is obtained. The value thus obtained is then right-shifted.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for activating a display device with rows and columns, in which voltages may be supplied to the rows and columns of the display device as a function of data to be displayed. In addition, the invention relates to a display device having such an arrangement. To allow an efficient energy utilization and to avoid inaccuracies, an arrangement for activating a display device with columns and rows is proposed in which voltages (Vcol, Vcol/2, Vss, Vrow+, Vrow?) can be supplied to the rows and columns of the display device (2) as a function of data to be displayed, and the arrangement comprises at least one voltage divider unit (12) and one voltage multiplier unit (11), a supply voltage (Vdd) being supplied to the voltage divider unit, a divided voltage derived from the voltage divider unit being supplied to a voltage multiplier unit, and the divided voltage and the voltage generated by the voltage multiplier unit being supplied to the display device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device which includes a driver circuit and a liquid crystal display with a plurality of rows R and columns C. The invention also relates to a driver circuit for driving a display. In order to reduce the power consumption of display devices, displays are operated in the partial display mode. According to the MRA (Multiple Row Addressing) technique a plurality of rows p is driven simultaneously. The number of rows p to be simultaneously driven, however, differs for displays of different size. When a display is operated in the partial display mode, therefore, for an optimum optical performance it is necessary that the value p of the rows to be simultaneously driven is other than this number in full size operation. In order to drive the rows R and columns C, at least p+1 voltages are required when F=GMAX.

Abstract: A data carrier that communicates confidential data is configured to mask process-dependent power consumption by using power stored in an internal capacitor. The capacitor is initially charged to the voltage of an external power source, and then decoupled from the external power source. The capacitor provides power to an internal processor, and consequently discharges gradually. At the end of a given time interval, the capacitor is discharged to a fixed voltage, then charged to the supply voltage. In this manner the power consumed by charging of the capacitor is decoupled from the power consumed by the processor. If the capacitor drops below a threshold voltage before processing is completed, the processor is halted. To optimize the available processing time, the time interval before discharging the capacitor to the fixed voltage is dynamically adjusted to reduce the time that the processor is halted.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing modules (4), each with at least one integrated circuit (2), the integrated circuits (2) are separated from a previously manufactured circuit configuration (1), which is in the form of a flexible film comprising a plurality of integrated circuits (2) on the basis of a polymer, by a combined stamping-vacuum conveying device (6), after which each of the separated integrated circuits (2) is conveyed to a module substrate (5) and connected to the module substrate (5) so as to form a module (4).

Abstract: The invention is directed to techniques for managing a cache within a processor using one or more machine instructions. The machine instructions may perform one or more operations on the cache. For example, victimize instructions, allocate instructions, and pre-fetch instructions can be executed in the processor as part of cache management. Moreover, these various cache management instructions may be defined by one or more operands that specify memory addresses within main memory, rather than addresses or identifiers that define locations within the cache. For this reason, a programmer may invoke these cache management instructions to direct the management of the cache without knowing the specific location of data within the cache.

Abstract: In order to provide a method for locating moving objects that will allow high precision in position determination and thus largely eliminate sorting errors, and also to provide a device suitable for executing the method, it is envisaged that on at least one defined location within the reading range of an interrogator (16) arranged in a stationary position, an interference pulse, which influences a response signal transmitted by a transponder (20) carried by a moving object (12) in response to a signal transmitted by the interrogator (16), is exerted on the object (12), and a position of the object (12) is determined in dependence on a time when the influence of the response signal occurred.

Abstract: Network-enabled devices are configured to report changes of state to a monitoring system. The monitoring system is configured to filter each change of state to determine whether the change of state constitutes a reportable event, based on a profile associated with the device. If the event is reportable, it is communicated to one or more other network-enabled devices. Each device is also configured to periodically verify its presence to the monitoring system, and the unexplained absence of the device is treated as a change of state of state of the device. In like manner, a change to the profile of a device is also treated as a change of state of the device.

Abstract: A data carrier (1), or a circuit (2) for such a data carrier (1), which is arranged to receive a carrier signal (CSM) amplitude modulated in conformity with data (DA), is provided with data regenerating means (12) for regenerating data (DA) modulated on the amplitude modulated carrier signal (CSM), and with data processing means (28) for processing data (DA), the data regenerating means (12) additionally including receiving storage means (20) for temporarily storing a predetermined quantity of data (DA), and also detection means (22) for detecting the fact that the predetermined quantity of data (DA) has been buffered in the receiving storage means (20), the detection means (22) being capable of generating control information (CI1) whereby the data processing means (28) can be switched over from a power saving operating mode to a normal operating mode.

Abstract: A data carrier (1) for the transmission of transmission data (UD) to a base station over a transmission time range (TT) containing load time ranges (TA) and load relief time ranges (TB0, TB1) comprises cut-off means (13) which, once activated, set principal power consumers (10, 12) of the data carrier (1) into an energy-saving operating condition for a cut-off time range containing the load time range (TA), so that the storage capacitor (9) for operation of the passive data carrier (1) over the load time ranges (TA) may advantageously have only a relatively low capacitance.

Abstract: A data carrier is disclosed. The data carrier includes a data processing unit and at least one contactless interface via which the data processing unit can be coupled to a read/write apparatus in order to exchange data signals and to take up electrical energy for the operation of the data processing unit; the data processing unit is constructed at least mainly while using at least substantially asynchronously operating logic components (asynchronous logic). The data carrier according to the invention, such as a chip card, makes optimum use of the energy applied thereto and is at the same time protected against the tapping of the signal processing steps to be executed therein.

Abstract: In a radio communication system having a primary station and plurality of secondary stations, power of uplink and downlink channels between the primary station and a secondary station is controlled in a closed loop manner by each station transmitting power control commands to the other station. Responsive to these commands receiving station adjusts its output power in steps. By considering a plurality of received power control commands receiving station may emulate the ability to use power control step sizes other than those it directly implements, for example step sizes smaller than its minimum or intermediate between implemented step sizes. Performance can thereby be improved under certain channel conditions. In one embodiment when required power control step size is less than the minimum step size of the receiving station, that station processes a group of power control commands to determine whether to adjust its output power by its minimum step size.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a communication device and a transponder adapted to provide contactless communication with the communication device include time-value determiner with the aid of which at least one time value can be determined, which time value is representative of at least a part of the communication time interval which starts at a starting instant and ends at an ending instant, in which communication time interval communication between the communication device and the transponder is possible.

Abstract: During a communication operation in a transponder system, consisting of a write/read station (1) and at least one transponder (2), a selection data block (SDB) is transmitted from the station (1) to at least one transponder (2) and, in response to the received selection data block (SDB), at least one transponder (2) transmits an identification data block (IDB) to the station (1), after which the station (1) transmits, in response to the identification data block (IDB), an acknowledge data block (QDB) to a transponder (2), the bit configuration of the acknowledge data block (QDB) being formed while using only a part (PM1) of the identification data block (IDB) associated with a transponder (2).

Abstract: The integrated circuit (10) has a substrate and a memory with a first memory unit (30) containing organic material. The first memory unit (30) has a first (26) and a second electrode (28), which are in the non-programmed state electrically connected by an interconnection (27). On programming, the interconnection (27) is at least partially broken in that it is locally heated. This heating can be effected electrically and optically. By preference the first memory unit (30) is integrated in a first layer (6) of organic material, which also has a first electrode (25) of the integrated circuit (10). The integrated circuit (10) can be used in a transponder which is electrically programmable. In the method of programming, the local heating is effected electrically, by applying a voltage across the first memory unit (30).

Abstract: The electronic device (10) comprises an integrated circuit (30) with a first (18) and a second side (19), on both sides (18, 19) of which first and second conductive areas (31, 32) are present. The electronic device (10) further has a first (64) and a second (65) conductive structure, which (64, 65) are present on a—preferably enveloping—layer (71) of dielectric material. Signal and power to and from the integrated circuit (30) are transferred through capacitors (11, 12) formed by the conductive areas (31, 32) and the conductive structures (64, 65) and an intermediate layer (73, 74) of dielectric material. The integrated circuit (30) may contain a protective layer (33) in the second conductive area (32).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for controlling the phases of a charge pump 20, which device includes a phase generator 9 and a charge pump that is provided with a plurality of stages 1, 2. The invention also relates to a driver circuit for driving a display device with a charge pump and a phase generator, and to a display device with a driver circuit and a charge pump and a phase generator. In order to enable optimum adjustment of the delays between the individual phases P1 to P4 for the control of a charge pump and also to enable a response to disturbances that are caused by changes of the load or the temperature, signals 14 to 17 are fed back from the charge pump to a phase generator 9 so that the phases are started only when the appropriate conditions or states of the other phases exist.

Abstract: A data carrier (1) for contactless communication with the communication station comprises firstly a receiving stage (3) for receiving a request signal (IS), secondly a storage facility (16) for storing at least two items of status information (EASB1, EASB2), thirdly a readout facility (15) for reading out one item of status information (EASB1, EASB2) at a time in response to receiving the request signal (IS), fourthly a processing circuit (18) for processing the status information (EASB1, EASB2) read out in each case so as to create a transmission signal (MCRS) suitable for transmission to the communication station, fifthly a recognition facility (22) for recognizing the status information (EASB1, EASB2) read out in each case, and sixthly a control connection (25) between the recognition facility (22) and the processing circuit (18), such that the processing circuit (18) can be influenced via the control connection (25) into altering a transmission parameter for a transmission signal generated by the processi

Abstract: A data carrier (4) for the transfer of communication data (KD1, KD2) via at least two interface means (11, 12), having first interface means (11) for receiving a first communication signal (KS1), and having second interface means (12) for receiving a second communication signal (KS2), and having processing means (13) to which a first clock signal (TS1) derived from the first communication signal (KS1) or a second clock signal (TS2) derived from the second communication signal (KS2) can be applied for the processing of the transferred communication data (KD1, KD2), and having reset means (21) for resetting the processing by the processing means (13), now includes a first frequency sensor (22) which is adapted to supply first frequency reset information (RI4) to the reset means (21) when a first clock frequency of the first clock signal (TS1) or the frequency (FKS1) of the first communication signal (KS1) lies below a first lower frequency threshold (FU1), and includes a second frequency sensor (23) which is ad