Abstract: A horizontal tray (3) is disclosed for use in a normally vertical column (1) for counter-currently contacting gas and liquid, which horizontal tray (3) comprises an upper horizontal plate (6), a lower horizontal plate (7), a liquid supply space (8), a liquid feed pipe (10) opening into the liquid supply space (8), and a vertical tubular contact and separation device (13), which comprises an open-ended tube (15) extending through the horizontal plates (6, 7), a liquid delivery device (22) comprising an upwardly directed liquid delivery opening (24, 39) which is in fluid communication with the liquid supply space (8), swirl imparting means (30) arranged in the open-ended tube (15) above the liquid delivery opening (24), and guide means (31) to direct liquid from the upper end of the open-ended tube (15) onto the upper horizontal plate (6), which horizontal tray further comprises an open-ended downcomer (35) having an inlet arranged above the upper horizontal plate (6) and an outlet arranged below the lower hori

Abstract: A method of making an asphalt composition by mixing phosphoric acid with an asphalt base, resulting in an acid-asphalt mixture; blowing air through the acid-asphalt mixture, resulting in an acid-blown asphalt composition; mixing a terpolymer made from the concurrent reaction of ethylene, normal butyl acrylate, and glycidyl ester selected from glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,306,750, with the acid-blown asphalt composition, resulting in an glycidyl-functionalized polymer-containing acid-asphalt composition; and mixing an amine anti-strip additive with the glycidyl-functionalized polymer-containing acid-blown asphalt composition, resulting in a final asphalt composition; and recovering the final asphalt composition.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for rapid stripping of fluid cracking catalyst is disclosed. A series of concentric annular beds provide rapid initial removal of hydrocarbons from the interstices of the catalyst particles. Successive stages of stripping allow time for hydrocarbon diffusion from catalyst's pores while maintaining low hydrocarbon partial pressure. Residence times increase as the catalyst passes to the different catalyst beds.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the addition of an oxygen-containing gas under certain defined process conditions, to an off-gas stream derived from an FCC regenerator which is operated in a partial mode of combustion. The off-gas from the regenerator contains 1-6% CO by volume and at least 300 ppm nitrogen compounds comprising NH.sub.3 and HCN. Without the addition of an oxygen-containing gas, roughly 25 percent of the NH.sub.3 and HCN are converted to NO.sub.x in downstream CO boilers. A preferable method of this invention comprises the addition of heated air (20% O.sub.2) into the regenerator off gas to produce an off gas stream having a temperature of 1260.degree. F. to 1500.degree. F.

Abstract: A novel fuel burner is disclosed for the combustion of fuel in the presence of flue gas and water added to the nozzle tip in a liquid phase through a water outlet means at the nozzle. Steam is used as an indirect heat exchange fluid to cool the steam to water (used in the combustion) and to heat the flue gas passed to the burner. The orifices of the water outlet means are configured to insure a sufficient amount of water flow to reduce NO.sub.x (by increasing the amount of flue gas) and to insure that the flame of the burner is not extinguished.

Abstract: Process for producing gasoline components from a hydrocarbonaceous feed containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 4 carbon atoms, and hydrocarbons obtained thereby. The process comprises:a. separating feed into a heavy fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 7 carbon atoms and a light fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at most 7 carbon atoms,b. isomerizing at least part of the light fraction at a temperature between 50.degree. and 300.degree. C.,c. separating effluent of step b) into a stream containing branched hydrocarbons and a stream containing normal hydrocarbons, andd. isomerizing at least part of the stream containing normal hydrocarbons at a temperature which is higher than the temperature applied in step b).

Abstract: A process for producing gasoline components from a hydrocarbonaceous feed containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 4 carbon atoms is disclosed. The process comprises the following steps:a) separating feed into a heavy fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 7 carbon atoms, an intermediate fraction containing mainly hydrocarbons comprising 6 or 7 carbon atoms, and a light fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at most 6 carbon atoms,b) isomerizing at least part of the light fraction,c) combining effluent of step b) with the intermediate fraction, separating off a stream containing normal hydrocarbons and a stream containing branched hydrocarbons, andd) passing at least part of the stream containing normal hydrocarbons to isomerization step b).

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for exchanging heat between solid particles and a heat exchange medium, comprising a housing which housing is provided with aeration means with an inlet for an aeration fluid, with an outlet opening, whereby an aeration zone is defined between the aeration means and the outlet opening, and with heat exchange means with at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the heat exchange medium and extending in at least part of the aeration zone, which apparatus further comprises an inlet conduit for solid particles that extends into the aeration zone. Use of the apparatus for the transfer of heat between a heat exchange medium and solid particles is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the removal of basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds from a petroleum crude oil or fraction thereof which comprises treating, the petroleum crude oil in a distillation zone to form a distillation bottoms stream which is rich in basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. This stream is passed without cooling or heat removal to a two-phase extraction zone with an extractant consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of a lower carboxylic acid and preferably having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms. The extractant complexes the basic heterocyclic nitrogen compound to produce a stream of petroleum crude oil or fraction thereof having a smaller content of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds and a stream comprising the lower carboxylic acid extractant with an increased quantity of basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. Both of these streams are passed to distillation without heating.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for increasing the octane of a refinery gasoline pool by segregating components of a feed stream to increase the value of select components by isomerization and to prevent isomerization of other components already having a high octane value. The preferred feed stream of this process comprises di-branched paraffins, mono-methyl-branched paraffins and normal paraffins. Two or more different separatory sieves are used prior to isomerization. A first separatory shape-selective molecular sieve has a pore size of 4.5.times.4.5A or smaller to adsorb normal paraffins. A second separatory shape-selective molecular sieve has a pore size of 5.5.times.5.5 to 4.5.times.4.5A but excluding 4.5.times.4.5A. These sieves may be situated in a series flow arrangement. Normal paraffins are adsorbed by the first sieve. Mono-methyl-branched paraffins are adsorbed by the second sieve.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which a flue gas from a coal fired burner is treated in a dry phase to remove both NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x which includes SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3. This invention provides for use of an absorbent comprising of fly ash, calcium oxide and a hydrated sulfate of calcium to remove the SO.sub.2 and/or SO.sub.3 component while also incorporating either a high carbon ash, ash derived from a high-vanadium residual oil, iron oxide or iron oxides to remove NO.sub.x. Process conditions comprise a temperature in the range of 200.degree. C. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbon oils comprising the use of by-pass means allowing the transport of oil inside the reactor from above the uppermost catalyst bed to outlet means without contacting catalytic material during transport.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for the separation of solids from a mixture of solids and fluid, comprising a housing defining a plurality of separation chambers, each chamber being arranged around a central longitudinal axes and having a curved inner wall such that the intersection of the inner wall and a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axes is a concave line, whereby all central longitudinal axes are in one plane, and each chamber having an inlet opening, a solids outlet opening and at least one fluid outlet opening, whereby each fluid outlet opening is in communication with a fluid outlet conduit, and whereby the solids outlet opening of each chamber is in communication with a solids outlet conduit which is in tangential cooperation with the chamber, which apparatus further comprises one supply conduit for the mixture of fluid and solids whereby the supply conduit debouches into a supply opening that is formed by the combined inlet openings of all chambers which openings are communicating with ea

Abstract: This invention concerns a time-effective method of manufacture for a sodium ferrierite precursor of a hydrogen ferrierite catalytic composition of matter by crystallizing an aqueous mixture of sodium hydroxide, an aluminum compound, a silicon compound and a nitrogen-containing compound, which mixture possesses 1.60 to 3.40 moles of sodium oxide and 0.70 to 1.60 moles of aluminum oxide per 25 moles of silicon oxide. The ultimate use of the resultant catalyst is for removing wax from a lubricating oil (preferably a light lubricating oil) with or without the metals of Group VIII and/or Group VIB used in association with the catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a lubricating base oil with a high viscosity index and a low pour point by catalytic dewaxing, which process comprises contacting at dewaxing conditions a feedstock containing at least part of the hydrocrackate of a wax-containing mineral oil fraction, which feedstock has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of, at most, 10 mm.sup.2 /s, with a dewaxing catalyst. The invention further provides a lubricating mineral base oil comprising hydrocarbons with a boiling point of at least 250.degree. C., and having a viscosity index of at least 125 and a pour point of at most -25.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of a hydrocarbanceous feedstock containing hydrocarbons having a boiling range wherein that an amount of hydrocarbon boils at a temperature of at least 330.degree. C., which process comprises contacting the feedstock with a zeolitic catalyst having a pore diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 nm at a temperature of less than 480.degree. C. and during a period of time comprising less than 10 seconds.

Abstract: A lubricating composition comprising a major portion of a lubricating oil and a minor portion of an alkyl or alkenyl-substituted succinimide, which succinimide is the reaction product of a polyamine with 3 to 25 carbon atoms, such has been selected from linear and branched alkylene polyamines, cycloaliphatic polyamines and heterocyclic polyamines, and an alkyl or alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride, in which the alkyl or alkenyl moiety has a number average molecular weight from 600 to 1300 and in which the average number of succinic groups per alkyl or alkenyl group is between 1.4 and 4.0.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is for a combination of two processes to enable the clean burning of coal in a coal water mixture. First the coal is ground and then treated with a desulfurizing microorganism to desulfurize the coal. After separation the coal is formulated into a coal water admixture in requisite quantities of water to coal, and with proper inclusion of additives, is combusted in a suitable furnace equipped with a means to burn a coal-water mixture. The desulfurized coal, after treatment with a select microorganism, will contain less than 1.0 wt % pyritic (inorganic) sulfur, be low in ash content and be cleanly combustible to capture its latent heat values.