Abstract: In a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus a mixture of hydrocarbon products and hydrocarbon catalyst particles is removed from a reactor riser (1) and introduced into a cyclone separator (2), wherein in order to strip the catalyst particles, primary steam is injected into the cyclone separator (2), and wherein, for additional stripping the catalyst particles are introduced into a stripper assembly (3) comprising at least two interconnected stripper vessels (4, 5) into which secondary steam is introduced.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein is a method of treating middle distillate hydrocarbons to selectively convert tricyclic hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons of better cetane value by means of hydrogenation and cracking. The process is performed in the presence of an intercalated clay catalyst having high temperature stable pillars intermediate layers of the clay. This process achieves a diesel fuel having a higher cetane value than is currently obtainable utilizing molecular sieve catalysts such as a metal impregnated Y zeolite. The tricyclic aromatics are selectively hydrogenated and cracked in preference to accompanying paraffins, isoparaffins, tetralins and decalins.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for deactivating or removing aromatic compounds from a kerosene or gas oil, which aromatics are coke precursors in a steam cracking process (conducted in the absence of a catalyst) to convert the hydrocarbons contained in the kerosene or gas oil to hydrocarbons of smaller molecules. The excising occurs by contacting the kerosene or gas oil, before admission to the steam cracking zone, with particulate size activated carbon of 4 mesh to 50 mesh size and physically removing the activated carbon (with at least a portion of the aromatic content of the coke derived from the kerosene or gas oil absorbed thereon) from the slurry before passage of the kerosene or gas oil to the steam cracking furnace.

Abstract: A binder composition which is pigmentable comprising from 30 to 99 wt % of a mineral lubricating oil extract and from 70 to 1 wt % of a petroleum resin and/or coumarone-indene resin, characterized in that the petroleum resin and/or coumarone-indene resin contains moieties derived from carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride or hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A two-step process is disclosed wherein C.sub.9.sup.+ hydrocarbons are prepared from C.sub.4.sup.- hydrocarbons by steam reforming followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over a special cobalt-containing catalyst. Yields of C.sub.9.sup.+ hydrocarbons are increased by recycling a gaseous fraction comprising unconverted H.sub.2 and CO as well as C.sub.8.sup.- hydrocarbon by-products and steam to the steam reformer.

Abstract: This invention discloses an economic series flow dewaxing scheme having a first solvent dewaxing step followed by a catalytic dewaxing step. The use of methylisopropyl ketone as a key component in the solvent dewaxing step produces a solvent dewaxed effluent with an intermediate pour point which may be readily catalytically dewaxed to a pour point suitable for lubricant applications. The catalytic dewaxing unit can also be used to recover lost oil yield from the soft wax product of the solvent dewaxing zone (sometimes referred to as footsoil) and thereby sustain, if not increase, overall lubricating oil yield.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the manufacture of lubricating base oils from nitrogen-containing distillates and/or deasphalted oils by subjecting them to a catalytic hydrotreatment which may be followed by a dewaxing treatment, wherein distillates and/or deasphalted oils having a nitrogen content which numerically expressed exceeds the value f.multidot.P.sub.H2 .multidot.S.sub.v.sup.-1, wherein f is a constant relating to the viscosity of the final base oil, P.sub.H2 represents the hydrogen partial pressure in bar applied in the catalytic hydrotreatment and S.sub.v represents the weighted hourly space velocity in t/m.sup.3 .multidot.h at which the catalytic hydrotreatment is carried out, are subjected to a preceding solvent extraction.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the preparation of a gasoline boiling hydrocarbon from a mixture of hydrocarbons specifically defined. The hydrocarbon feedstock is a mixture of two hydrocarbon oils with the first hydrocarbon oil having a Conradson carbon test value C.sub.1 and % w such that the quotient of C.sub.1 /R is higher than 0.8 and a second hydrocarbon oil having a Conradson carbon test number C.sub.2 such that the quotient C.sub.2 /R is lower than 0.2 wherein R is equal to the reactor carbon requirement for the particular catalytic cracking unit and is between 3 and 8 percent by weight.

Abstract: An elongated slot dryer is disclosed for drying wet solid particulate material. The slot dryer is constructed in the form of a trench with at least one aperture outlet at the bottom of the trench formed by two non-connecting walls. The wet particulate material (coal) enters through the top and exits through the bottom aperture while countercurrently contacting a drying fluid emitted through perforations situated in a drying fluid access means or conduit located substantially throughout the entire length of the slot dryer. The perforations in the fluid access means or conduit are limited to the bottom one half of the fluid access means relative to the aperture outlet to ensure that drying fluid is passed at first in a downward direction and then gently turns upward to countercurrent contact with the wet descending particles. An underlying conveyor will act to continuously remove the relatively dried particulate material passing through the aperture outlet.

Abstract: A process of manufacture of a crystalline aluminum silicate is disclosed wherein the aqueous forming solution has augmented thereto both a pyridine compound and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide. The process derives a novel crystalline aluminum silicate composition of matter.

Abstract: In this process ethylene is prepared by pyrolytically cracking ethane in a pyrolytic cracking furnace having a plurality of elongated serpentine-situated thermal cracking tubes which have a longer run life as a result of the selective cracking of a C.sub.3 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbonaceous material at conditions sufficient to selectively place a coat of amorphous relatively smooth coat of coke on the interior walls of the thermal cracking tubes and thereby mask the catalytic effect of iron, nickel, both iron and nickel, or other metal catalytic sites indigenous to the walls of the furnished tubes. In this manner, the amount of cracking time realized for each particular furnace before regeneration of the same is increased by 20 to 50%.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for in situ fluorinating a catalyst by passing a gas containing hydrogen through a catalyst bed, injecting a gaseous organic fluorine compound into the gas and recycling the gas at such a low temperature and during such a long period that more than 50% of the fluorine compound is physically adsorbed on the catalyst, and then increasing the temperature of the bed so as to finish the in situ fluorination.

Abstract: Syngas is subjected to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over a special Co/Zr/SiO.sub.2 catalyst and the C.sub.10 -C.sub.19 fraction of the synthesized product is converted into XHVI lub oil by treating with an organic peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for the catalytic treatment of a hydrocarbon oil and an apparatus for carrying out such process, by passing said oil through one or more catalyst beds within a reactor wherein catalyst is withdrawn from the bottom of the reactor and fresh catalyst is supplied to the top thereof, said catalyst being withdrawn through a discharge funnel contained in the bottom of said reactor, which funnel allows for separation of product from the catalyst via a first main screen located in the funnel upstream of the exit end of said funnel, the withdrawal of product being effected via a product outlet, in which process use is made of a second screen forming part of the discharge funnel system, located between the main screen of the funnel and the product outlet and having a larger mesh size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a movable catalyst bed reactor provided with catalyst bed supporting and guiding means in the shape of one or more downwardly converging conical surfaces with one or more vertical outlet channels connected to the lower end(s) of the conical surface(s), the supporting and guiding means comprising one or more screen sections for withdrawal of reactor effluent from the catalyst, and separate outlet means for reactor effluent and catalyst, wherein the vessel is further provided with conduit means for forming a protecting layer of substantially spherical particles along the surface(s) of the screen section(s) facing catalyst, which layer is movable along the screen section(s).

Abstract: A two-step process is disclosed wherein C.sub.9.sup.+ hydrocarbons are prepared from C.sub.4.sup.- hydrocarbons by steam reforming followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over a special cobalt-containing catalyst. Yields of C.sub.9.sup.+ hydrocarbons are increased by recycling a gaseous fraction comprising unconverted H.sub.2 and CO as well as C.sub.8.sup.- hydrocarbon by-products and steam to the steam reformer.

Abstract: C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons are prepared from C.sub.4.sup.- hydrocarbons by a two-stage process comprising steam reforming followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over a special cobalt-containing catalyst; a gaseous fraction comprising unconverted H.sub.2 and CO as well as C.sub.4.sup.- hydrocarbons and CO.sub.2 formed as by-products is separated from the synthesized product and recycled to the steam reformer.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 paraffins into aromatic gasoline over a crystalline gallium silicate having a SiO.sub.2 /Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio between 25 and 250, which silicate has been subjected once or several times to a two-stage treatment comprising reduction at a temperature of 400.degree.-650.degree. C. and oxidation at a temperature of 350.degree.-700.degree. C. Optionally the gallium silicate is subjected to precalcining at a temperature of 600.degree.-1000.degree. C., the number of times of the two-stage treatment being determined by the fact whether or not said gallium silicates have been subjected to such precalcination.

Abstract: A semi-quantitative method for determining the amount of water in contaminated oil samples wherein a small sample of contaminated oil is placed in one or more compartments of a container. An equal size sample of reference oil of the same composition as the test oil, but containing a known quantity of water, is placed in one or more compartments of said container. The container is then heated rapidly and bubbles formed in the contaminated oil are compared with bubbles formed in the reference oil, thereby bracketing the water content rapidly (less than 5 minutes) with reasonable accuracy.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of modified refractory oxides by impregnating refractory oxides or mixtures thereof with at least one hydrocarbyl ammonium metallate and/or compounds comprising at least one hydrocarbyl ammonium moiety and at least one reactive metal moiety of Group 2a, 3a, 4a and/or 4b of the Periodic Table of Elements. The modified refractory oxides can be used as catalysts or catalyst supports in the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons.