Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts and sterically unhindered, nucleophilic, tertiary amines are novel cocatalysts which are used in the process of reacting an alkali metal phenate, pyridinate or pyrimidinate with an O,O-dialkylphosphorochloridothioate or O-alkyl phenylphosphonochloridothioate to produce the corresponding phosphorothioates and phenylphosphonothioates. The process is conducted under alkaline conditions in a liquid reaction medium.

Abstract: Mixtures of (1) a quaternary ammonium salt(s) and (2) a diazole are novel catalysts in the process of reacting an alkali metal phenate, pyridinate or pyrimidinate with an O,O-dialkyl phosphorochloridothioate or O-alkyl phenylphosphonochloridothioate to produce the corresponding title compounds. The process is conducted under alkaline conditions in a liquid reaction medium. As an example, O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate is prepared in excellent yields and purity by reacting sodium 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinate with O,O-diethyl phosphorochloridothioate in a stirred methylene chloride-water reaction medium in the presence of a catalytic amount of benzyltriethylammonium chloride and 1-methylimidazole.

Abstract: Novel onium surfactants are described which correspond to the formula X[(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m CH.sub.2 --R--CHR'--Q.sup..sym. A.sup..crclbar. ].sub.n, wherein X is an n-valent hydrophobic radical derived by the removal of n-atoms of active hydrogen from an organic compound; m is one or more; R is a divalent aromatic radical of from 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, the chain-length of which may be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms; R' is hydrogen or methyl and is methyl only when R is m- or p-phenylene; Q.sup.+ is a quaternized atom of nitrogen or phosphorus or a tertiary atom of sulfur; A.sup.- is a compatible anion; and n is from 1 to 5. The following compound is an example C.sub.9 H.sub.19 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--.sub.15 CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CH.sub.2 --S.sup..sym. --(CH.sub.3).sub.2 Cl.sup..crclbar. . The novel surfactants are prepared in two steps.

Abstract: The title compounds are prepared by reacting (a) a trihydrocarbylphosphine, (b) p-benzoquinone, and (c) a protic acid in a liquid reaction medium comprising a lower alkanol of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a 1,2-alkylene glycol, dialkylene glycol or trialkylene glycol or a lower alkyl mono-ether of said glycols. The glycols are either ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or the indicated oligomers thereof. Methanol is the solvent of choice. As an example, tri-n-butyl (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)phosphonium chloroacetate was prepared in excellent yields by slowly adding tri-n-butylphosphine, precooled to about 0.degree. C, to a vigorously stirred suspension of p-benzoquinone in a methanol solution of chloroacetic acid at a temperature of approximately -10.degree. C. A precatalyzed epoxy resin was obtained by merely adding the methanol solution of the phosphonium chloroacetate to a liquid epoxy resin (e.g., the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A).

Abstract: Novel cyclic oligomers of the formula ##STR1## ARE PREPARED BY CONTACTING (A) A STRONG PROTIC ACID WITH (B) AN N-substituted non-activated aziridine of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano or an organic radical which is inert in the process. The process is typically conducted in an aqueous alkanol medium. E.g. the cyclic tetramer of N-phenethylaziridine was obtained as the predominant product by heating a solution of N-phenethylaziridine in aqueous ethanol at reflux temperatures in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.

Abstract: Mixtures of (1) a quaternary ammonium salt(s) and (2) 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane are novel catalysts in the process of reacting an alkali metal phenate, pyridinate or pyrimidinate with an O,O-dialkyl phosphorochloridothioate or O-alkyl phenylphosphonochloridothioate to produce the corresponding phosphorothioates and phenylphosphonothioates. The process is conducted under alkaline conditions in a liquid reaction medium. As an example, O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate is prepared in excellent yields and purity by reacting sodium 3,5,6-trichloropyridinate with O,O-diethyl phosphorochloridothioate in a stirred methylene chloride-water reaction medium in the presence of a catalytic amount of benzyltriethylammonium chloride and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: EACH R individually is H, OH or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy;Each R' individually is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and a is 1 or 2;Each sulfur is ortho or para to a phenolic oxygen;x is 0 or a positive number;y is 0 or a positive number;Z is a bridging group of the formula:(1) --O--, --S--, --O(C.sub.m H.sub.2m)O-- where m is 1-6, and .SIGMA.(x+y)=1;(2) --CR".sub.2 -- where R" is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and .SIGMA.(x+y)=1; or(3) --CH.sub.2 -- and .SIGMA.(x+y)=1-20;Are produced in the process comprising the steps of:(a) reacting chlorine or sulfuryl chloride with a solution comprising a cyclic polymethylene sulfide (e.g. thiophane), iodine and HCl dissolved in liquid sulfur dioxide, thus forming a chlorine complex of the cyclic sulfide; and(b) reacting the chlorine complex from step (a) with the appropriate phenol in liquid sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: Photoconductive compositions containing aromatic sulfonyl fluorides are novel compositions which are useful in electrophotographic processes, such as xerography. E.g., an electrostatic copying paper is obtained by coating an electroconductive base paper with a composition comprising poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and 4,4'-biphenyldisulfonyl fluoride.

Abstract: N-(2-mercaptoethyl)alkanamides are produced by reacting hydrogen sulfide with 2-H-2-oxazolines or 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines. For example, N-(2-mercaptoethyl)acetamide was prepared in excellent yields by incrementally adding 2-methyl-2-oxazoline to a stirred solution of hydrogen sulfide in methanol under autogeneous pressure at about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The title compounds are prepared by:Step 1: Reacting by contacting in liquid phase (a) an aliphatic mercaptan with (b) a 2-oxazoline in the presence of (c) a small but sufficient amount of at least one transition metal salt to catalyze the reaction between (a) and (b), thereby forming an alkanamidoethyl sulfide derivative of the aliphatic mercaptan, andStep 2: Contacting the alkanamidoethyl sulfide derivative from Step 1 with an aqueous protic acid (e.g., HCl).The transition metal salt catalysts are salts of the transition metals in groups 1b, 2b, 6b, 7b and 8, and rows 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, inclusive. As an example, the compound n--C.sub.8 H.sub.17 --S--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --NH--C(O)--C.sub.2 H.sub.5 (I) was prepared in excellent yields by reacting n-octylmercaptan with 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline in the presence of a catalytic amount of hydrated cadmium chloride at a temperature of approximately 200.degree. C and a reaction time of one hour. The compound n--C.sub.8 H.sub.17 --S--CH.sub.2 CH.

Abstract: Bispicolylamines are prepared by reacting (a) cyanopyridine with (b) hydrogen in the presence of a catalytic amount of (c) a palladium or carbon catalyst which has been preconditioned by contact with a reacting mixture of (a) and (b) for a time sufficient to cause said catalyst to preferentially produce bispicolylamine. The reaction is normally conducted under autogenous or superatmospheric pressure at a temperature of from about 20.degree. to about 75.degree. C in a lower alkanol (e.g., methanol) as the reaction medium.

Abstract: Aziridinyl-terminated polymers containing the recurring unit ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a side chain of like structure, are prepared by warming N-(2-hydroxyethyl)- or N-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenimine or -propyleneimine. Generally, the reaction is conducted in the presence of an alkali metal and at least trace amounts of water. The polymers are useful as curing agents for epoxy resins.

Abstract: A synergistic catalytic effect is realized in the esterification reaction between an organic carboxylic acid and a vicinal epoxide by using a catalyst system comprising: (a) a compound containing an amino and/or ammonium nitrogen atom, in combination with (b) a soluble compound containing an ionizable atom of iron or chromium.

Abstract: The biuret polyisocyanates correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein R is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- and X is hydrogen or --C(O)--NX--R--NCO, and they have not more than six isocyanato groups per molecule. These compounds are prepared by reacting bis(2-isocyanatoethyl)ether with water in a mole ratio of at least 3 moles of diisocyanate per mole of water. The biuret polyisocyanates are particularly useful in the preparation of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Novel sulfonium compounds are described herein which correspond to the formula ##STR1## The sulfonium compounds are useful corrosion inhibitors in acidic cleaning solutions.

Abstract: Certain phosphorus-containing compounds are described herein which are novel latent catalysts for promoting the reaction between vicinal epoxides and phenols and/or carboxylic acids (or anhydrides). Precatalyzed epoxy resins are easily prepared using such catalysts.

Abstract: New catalysts are described for promoting the reaction of organic isocyanates with organic compounds bearing active hydrogen. These new catalysts correspond to the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN: N IS AN INTEGER OF FROM 1 TO 3; R.sub.1 is an n-valent organic radical;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or inertly-substituted hydrocarbyl;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, inertly-substituted hydrocarbyl, or, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are joined to form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring. The catalysts are delayed-action, heat-activated catalysts which are particularly useful in the preparation of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Cellulosic substrates, e.g. wood, textiles or paper, have increased fire resistance when treated with an aqueous solution of a polyalkylenepolyamine (e.g. polyethylenimine) and a mixture of mono- and diammonium phosphate.

Abstract: Phenoxyalkanoic acids, e.g., 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, are made by simultaneously adding equivalent amounts of haloalkanoic acid and alkali metal hydroxide to a hot mixture of about equimolar amounts of the appropriate phenol and the alkali metal salt of the phenol while distilling water from the reaction mixture as formed.

Abstract: Mixtures of (1) a quaternary ammonium salt(s) and (2) a diazole are novel catalysts in the process of reacting an alkali metal phenate, pyridinate or pyrimidinate with an O,O-dialkyl phosphorochloridothioate or O-alkyl phenylphosphonochloridothioate to produce the corresponding title compounds. The process is conducted under alkaline conditions in a liquid reaction medium. As an example, O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate is prepared in excellent yields and purity by reacting sodium 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinate with O,O-diethyl phosphorochloridothioate in a stirred methylene chloride-water reaction medium in the presence of a catalytic amount of benzyltriethylammonium chloride and 1-methylimidazole.