Abstract: In a window, especially for installation in an inclined roof, a secondary frame element or sash is connected with the stationary main frame of the window in a top hinge and is urged in its opening direction by a lifting lever hinged at its one end through a pivot pin to a side member of the secondary frame element or the main frame, while its other end is pivotally and displaceably connected with the adjacent member of the main frame or the secondary frame element, respectively, said lever being biassed by a spring tending to displace said other end in a direction corresponding to opening the window.The said other end of the lever is provided with several pins which during the opening or closing movement of the window successively become operative as the pivot point, thereby giving the lever a varying effective length, whereby the curve of the spring balancing moment performed on the frame element may be optimized and, if desired, a series of stable positions of rest for the tilting frame may be obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a fluid flow-rate control device comprising a housing, an elastic stretchable membrane dividing the interior of said housing into a first and a second chamber; an inlet port of said housing leading to a fluid source and communicating with said first chamber; and an outlet port of said housing communicating with said second chamber; wherein the first and second chambers are in fluid communication via at least one passageway the dimensions of which remain unchanged during operation, and said membrane is fixedly held and positioned between said chambers so that when said membrane is exposed to a fluid pressure differential, it is adapted to be stretched and a portion thereof to move, solely by virtue of its elasticity, between positions closer to said outlet port to restrict the rate of flow therethrough, and positions further away from said outlet port to increase the rate of fluid flow therethrough, whereby the flow of fluid through said outlet port is controlled at a constant rate by said me

Abstract: A transmission electron microscope comprises an objective lens and a condenser lens which are so arranged that excitation of the condenser lens can be varied in association with variation in excitation of the objective lens. A cross-over point which is produced by the condenser lens of the last stage in the non-excited state of the objective lens is caused to coincide with a preselected position on the optical axis of the microscope, which position is determined in accordance with magnitude of excitation of the objective lens. The position of a convergence point of the electron beam produced downstream of a specimen to be observed is maintained substantially constant independently from variations in excitation of the objective lens. The direction in which the electron beam impinges on specimen at a point to be observed is maintained substantially constant independently from variation in excitation of the objective lens.

Abstract: A four-wheel-drive system for a vehicle, comprising a power unit having an output shaft in a lateral direction of the vehicle, a power transmission gear unit having input and output shafts parallel with the output shaft of the power unit, a speed reduction gear to be driven by the transmission output shaft, two final reduction gear units one of which is arranged for driving the front road wheels and the other of which is arranged to drive the rear road wheels of the vehicle, and a planetary gear assembly including a sun gear connected to one of the final reduction gear units, a ring gear connected to the other of the final reduction gear, and a pinion carrier connected to the speed reduction gear, the planetary gear assembly being capable of providing a differential action between the sun and ring gears thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system exploiting the thermal energy of the atmosphere for the drying of wood or any other product or material, the humidity content of which has to be reduced to the humidity percentage normally required for the use of the product or material.

Abstract: An electron microscope of scanning type comprises first and second detectors for detecting secondary electrons emitted from a specimen irradiated by a scanning electron beam are disposed across the magnetic field of an objective lens of an electron-optical system of the microscope. The detection signals obtained from the outputs of both detectors are subjected to simultaneous signal processings.

Abstract: An illuminating device for a display unit in which the display panel can be illuminated uniformly under a relatively constant luminous intensity. The illuminating device according to the present invention comprises a display panel, at least one light source and a reflector the inner surface of which is defined by at least two elliptical surfaces. One of two foci of each of the elliptical surfaces is located at the center of the light source and the other of two foci thereof is located on the inner surface of said display panel in order to focus rays of light reflected by the reflector on an area on the display panel away from the light source.

Abstract: Side members which extend along each side of an engine compartment are designed and arranged so that they will buckle out sideways during a frontal collision to absorb initial impact energy. This prevents the engine from being pulled upwardly in the vehicle and allows same to be driven rearwardly to stagewisely crush structual panels to absorb further impact energy. The movement of the engine directly rearwardly also allows for the cross member/side sill chassis construction to receive and dissipate the energy not absorbed through panel deformation. Accordingly, the forward bulkhead is not directly deformed by the engine which would otherwise occur if the engine were forced upwardly by the impact.

Abstract: A spare-tire storage arrangement of an automotive vehicle, comprising a tire-storage pan portion forming part of the floor panel structure of the vehicle body and downwardly sunk from the upper face of the floor panel structure, the tire-storage pan portion having a bottom wall and a side wall and being formed with a concavity which is open upwardly and which is surrounded by the side wall, the tire-storage pan portion being internally sized to be suitable for having a regular-sized spare tire received on the inner surface of the side wall at least at a plurality of points of the outer perimeter of the tread portion of the tire; a receptacle member externally sized to fit the inner surface of the side wall of the tire-storage pan portion, the receptacle member having an upper face located above the upper face of the bottom wall of the tire-storage pan portion at a level equal to the difference between the depth of the concavity in the tire-storage pan portion and the width of a temporary-use spare tire.

Abstract: An apparatus for moistening a tampon with a spermicidal, bactericidal and/or virucidal fluid and expelling the tampon includes an open ended tampon storing member for storing the tampon in an unactivated state and a reservoir member for storing the fluid. The reservoir member has a closed inner end slidably received in the tampon storing member and a closed outer end extending out of the tampon storing member. In several embodiments, the reservoir member includes an elongated element to effect fluid flow through a dispensing opening in the inner end and through a vent opening in the outer end. In another embodiment, the inner end of the reservoir member is closed by a wall which is fragible under radially applied pressure to form a dispensing opening and the other end is closed by a wall having an element which is frangible to form a vent opening.

Abstract: An instrument for optically measuring and analyzing samples of particulate material includes a chute for conveying the samples through a light beam by which the measurements are made and a trough positioned at the bottom of the chute. The trough supports a column of the particulate material in the chute and acts as a gate to prevent the particulate material from flowing out of the chute. The trough is mounted on a vibrator and during the measurement operation vibrates to cause the particulate material to flow out of the chute. When vibrating, the trough transmits vibrations up through the column of particulate material in the chute to maintain the column in a free flowing condition and to prevent bridging.

Abstract: A combustion knock detection signal for retarding the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine is disabled upon detection of an unstable condition of the storage battery voltage level. Switching means is provided which is operative in response to the unstable condition of the voltage level of the storage battery to disable the knock detection signal, thereby eliminating the production of a false knock detection signal during the engine cranking operation or a certain period after the starting of the engine in which the engine speed is lower than a predetermined level.

Abstract: A steering mechanism for a steerable vehicle such as an automotive vehicle, wherein a switch support structure positioned internally of the rim portion of a steering wheel and having incorporated therein a switch assembly including various electric switch units to be manually actuated is retained in position independently of the steering wheel and held against rotation with respect to a steering column tube fixed with respect to the body structure of the vehicle and wherein an optical display unit associated with the switch units or some of the switch units is securely supported in position in front of the steering wheel. The switch units are connected to electrically operated vehicular instruments through wire harnesses including those which are passed through the switch support structure and those which are passed through a member secured to the steering column tube.

Abstract: A compact bidirectionally operative tie exchanging apparatus includes an extensible telescoping beam assembly carried in a support cradle mounted on the underside of a railway maintenance car. The beam assembly includes an inner and an outer beam telescopically received within one another with hydraulically actuated tie clamping arms mounted on the opposite, remote ends of the beam assembly. A push/pull hydraulic cylinder has its ram and its cylinder connected, respectively, to the inner and outer beams. Hydraulically actuated locking pins mounted on the support cradle are selectively actuatable to lock either the inner beam or the outer beam to its respective support cradle.

Abstract: A comparator compares, either before or after being rectified, a signal obtained from the vibration signal representing the vibrations of a spark ignition internal combustion engine and which has passed through a signal transmitting circuit, with a reference level signal from a reference level signal forming circuit to produce a knock signal representing the occurrence of knocking when the former signal is greater in magnitude than the latter. The reference level signal forming circuit rectifies and smooths the vibration signal to produce a rectified smoothed signal, and includes a first amplifying circuit which amplifies the rectified smoothed signal to produce the reference level signal, mentioned above.

Abstract: An air induction structure is designed for an air cleaner on an automobile furnished with an engine compartment in its front body and a grille at its front end through which the engine compartment is open to the outside. The air induction structure includes an obstructing member, which is located in a position in which the obstructing member is across the substantially straight path connecting the opening of an air intake duct, connected to the air cleaner, and the part of the grille in the same vertical longitudinal planes, with respect to the automobile, as the opening of the air intake duct, so that the obstructing member prevents air, drawn into the engine compartment through the part of the grille, from travelling straight into the opening of the air intake duct.

Abstract: A vehicle drive system for a wheeled vehicle, comprising a power unit having an output shaft extending in a lateral direction of the vehicle, a power transmission gear unit including transmission input and output shafts each extending in a lateral direction of the vehicle; and a power distribution gear unit comprising a front-wheel and rear-wheel differential gear assembly operative to split into two components the driving power carried to the power distribution shaft, one of the power components being transmitted through a final reduction gear assembly and a wheel drive differential gear assembly to, for example, front road wheels, the other of the driving power components being transmitted to, for example, rear road wheels by way of a right-angle power transfer gear assembly including a driven gear having an axis of rotation in a fore-and-aft direction of the vehicle. The drive system may further comprise a lock-up clutch mechanism and/or a low-and-high speed shifting clutch mechanism.

Abstract: A method for producing printed images includes the steps of exposing a printing device to radiation, developing a photosensitive ink that is contained in the printing device, and transferring the ink to a substrate. The printing device comprises a printing element and the photosensitive ink. The printing element comprises pores having openings at a printing surface of the element, and the ink is disposed within the pores and is restricted from lateral movement within the element.

Abstract: In a hatchback type motor vehicle having a hatchback door which is swingable relative to the vehicle body to open and close a door opening defined in the rear panel construction of the vehicle, there is proposed a rear lamp construction which comprises a first device mounted in the rear panel construction for producing light which is directed toward the door opening, and a second device mounted in the hatchback door for, when the door is in its closed position, reflecting the light coming from the first device toward the back of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method of steering a wheeled vehicle having a first pair of steerable road wheels to be steered by human intervention and a second pair of steerable road wheels to be steered in response to a steering effort applied to the first pair of steerable road wheels, wherein the ratio between the angle through which the first pair of steerable road wheels is steered and the angle through which the second pair of steerable road wheels is to be steered is varied to establish a predetermined functional relationship between the ratio and a detected vehicle speed so as to eliminate the lateral slip of the vehicle when the vehicle is making a turn.