Abstract: This invention relates to new ammonium salts of .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acids, to their use for the production of amines in situ by photochemical decomposition and to photochemically hardenable coating compositions containing these ammonium salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a clear and transparent, scratch-resistant and weather-resistant laminate of high impact strength, consisting of a polycarbonate layer which, on at least one of its surfaces, carries a polyacrylate coating which, on its outer surface, is coated with a scratch-resistant and weather-resistant covering of a hydroxylated fluoropolymer which is cross-linked with methylmelamine and/or polysilicic acid. The present invention also relates to a process for the production of said scratch-resistant laminate.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions which are crosslinkable by heating to form polyurethane plastics for coating substrates, preferably textile sheet-form materials, in particular by the reverse coating process. For ecological and economic reasons, the coating compositions are free from organic solvent or contain at most 10% by weight of organic solvent and consist essentially of linear and/or branched urethane prepolymers having blocked terminal NCO-groups, aqueous dispersions of urethane polymers, vinyl polymers and/or diene polymers and/or aqueous polymer solutions and aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic amines containing at least two primary and/or secondary amino groups as latent crosslinkers. The chain extending or crosslinking reaction takes place at an elevated temperature in a coating tunnel after the coating has been applied to a substrate.

Abstract: Polycarbonates having improved impact performance are provided, comprising a blend of polycarbonate resin and an acrylic rubber interpolymer composite.

Abstract: The subject of the instant invention are polycarbonates based on diphenols of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Y is a single bond, an elkylene- or alkylidene-radical with 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene- or cycloalkylidene-radical with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, ##STR2## which have weight average molecular weights (M.sub.LS) measured by light scattering of at least 15 000 and which are characterized in having an average of zero to 1.5 mols, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 mols and especially 0.3 to 0.8 mols endgroups per mol polycarbonate.The subject of instant invention is also a process for preparing these polycarbonates according to the interfacial polycondensation method, the polycarbonates thus obtained and the use of the polycarbonates according instant invention for the preparation of compounds and films.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of bis-carbonic acid aryl esters of polyester-diols, lengthened via --OCOO-- groups, characterized in that polyester-diols with molecular weights Mn (number-average) of over 250, preferably over 600, are heated with carbonic acid bis-aryl esters at temperatures between about 100.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., preferably between about 110.degree. C. and 180.degree. C., in vacuo below about 35 mm Hg, preferably between about 25 and 1 mm Hg, in the presence of catalysts, less than one mol of carbonic acid bis-aryl ester being employed per OH group of the polyester-diol and the hydroxyaryl compounds formed being distilled off.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of coatings by coating substrates of any type with a coating composition of which the binder consists essentially of a mixture of:(a) a polyisocyanate component and(b) at least one organic polyhydroxyl compound, distinguished by the fact that the polyisocyanate component(a) is a reaction product obtained from:(i) a polyisocyanate mixture which, in addition to from about 20 to 80%, by weight, of 2,4'-diisocyanato diphenyl methane, contains a total of from about 80 to 20%, by weight, of 2,2'-diisocyanato diphenyl methane, 4,4'-diisocyanato diphenyl methane and, optionally, higher nuclear polyisocyanates of the diphenyl methane series and(ii) a polyhydroxy polyether containing at least one tertiary amine nitrogen atom and having an average molecular weight of from about 500 to 10,000 or a polyhydroxy polyether mixture containing at least one such polyhydroxy polyether and having an average molecular weight of from about 500 to 10,000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds selected from the group consisting of a polyisocyanate containing urea groups and a polyisocyanate containing biuret groups comprising(a) introducing an organic polyisocyanate into a reaction vessel, and(b) injecting an organic polyamine containing at least two primary amino groups into the organic polyisocyanate in the reaction vessel at a pressure of from about 2 to 1000 bar through a straight jet nozzle having an internal diameter of from about 0.01 to 5 mmwherein(i) the polyisocyanate/polyamine NCO/NH.sub.2 molar ratio is at least about 4:1 and(ii) the temperature in the reaction vessel is between about -20.degree. C. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for the production of aqueous dispersions or solutions of polyurethane-polyureas by reacting NCO-prepolymers which have been hydrophilically modified and/or which contain external emulsifiers with organic polyamines and/or hydrazines in the aqueous phase, the above-mentioned chain extenders - in the form of their solid adducts with inorganic or organic acids - being mixed with the NCO-prepolymers to form a suspension before production of the dispersion or solution. The invention also relates to the dispersions or solutions obtainable by this process and to their use for the production of coatings or bonds.

Abstract: Isocyanate mixtures which are stable in the absence of moisture, and are curable by atmospheric moisture and which have low viscosities are obtained by mixing polyisocyanates containing biuret, allophanate or urethane bonds and functionalities in excess of 2 with monoisocyanates. These mixtures are used to coat substrates and the exposure of the coated substrates to atmospheric moisture results in cured coatings.

Abstract: This invention discloses mixtures for use as binders for solvent-free lacquers which are liquid at room temperature, can be prepared in the presence of moisture and have good light stability and resistance to weather.The mixtures contain:(a) at least one organic polyisocyanate which contains aliphatically bound isocyanate groups;(b) at least one polyhydroxyl compound with a molecular weight of 200 to 2000 which is free from ether groups; and(c) 0-40 percent by weight, based on the total mixture of monohydric and/or polyhydric alcohols with a molecular weight below 200;the components of the mixture being used in such quantities that the NCO/OH ratio is between 0.8:1 and 1.2:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for rendering flame-resistant the thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonates prepared by a solution process, characterized by dispersing an aqueous solution of salt-like flameproofing agent in a washed and neutral polycarbonate/organic solvent system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to moisture-hardening one-component lacquers having improved shelf life and thermal stability. These lacquers are characterized by high gloss and high flexural strength and are based on reaction products containing free isocyanate groups of relatively high molecular weight polyols having an average functionality of from 2 to 3, polyisocyanates and, optionally, low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds which are characterized in that the relatively high molecular weight polyol is a mixture of:(a) a hydroxyl polyester having an average molecular weight of from about 500 to 6000,(b) a hydroxyl polyether corresponding to the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical or a phenyl radical,X represents one of the difunctional radicals --S--, --O--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO-- or --C(R.sub.2 R.sub.3)-- whereR.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups by the partial trimerization of the isocyanate groups of 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (also known as isophorone diisocyanate and abbreviated IPDI), using catalysts which accelerate the trimerization of isocyanate groups, characterized in that the catalysts used are quaternary hydroxyalkyl ammonium hydroxides containing at least one hydroxyalkyl group. The present invention also relates to the polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups produced according to this process and to their use, optionally in the form of products which are blocked with blocking agents for isocyanate groups, as isocyanate components for polyurethane lacquers.

Abstract: Blocked polyisocyanates with improved water-dispersible or water-soluble properties are prepared by reacting polyisocyanates, in which 50 to 99.8% of the isocyanate groups are blocked, optionally in a solvent-free environment with an organic polyaminosulphonate or an organic polyaminosulphonic acid in sufficient quantities to provide an end product containing from 0.1 to 10%, by weight, of sulphonate groups (SO.sub.3.sup.-). The blocked polyisocyanates have particular utility when used in combination with hydrophobic polyhydroxyl compounds as binders in aqueous coating compounds.

Abstract: The subject of instant invention is a process for the preparation of aliphatic-aromatic polycarbonates with diphenol carbonate end groups, the polycarbonates obtained therefrom and their use for the preparation of high-molecular, segmented, aliphatic-aromatic polycarbonate elastomers which can be processed as thermoplastics.

Abstract: There is described a polyurethane anionomer which is particularly suitable as a textile sizing agent because it is water-soluble and sufficiently hydrolysis-resistant to be recoverable by ultra-filtration. It is superior to previously known ionomers in being hard, tough and having a smooth surface.This anionomer is produced by reacting organic diisocyanates with tri- or tetra-ethylene glycol and optionally other aliphatic glycols as well as glycols bearing carboxyl, carboxylate, sulphonic acid or sulphonate groups in selected ratios which render the anionomer water-soluble after neutralization of an appropriate amount of the carboxyl or sulphonic acid groups. Aqueous solutions can be formed by dissolving the solid anionomer in water and these solutions can be used to size textile fibers with the recovery of excess anionomer by ulra-filtration.

Abstract: This development is concerned with aromatic thermoplastic polycarbonates with special chain terminators which give the polymers enhanced hydrolysis resistance and impact toughness. These chain terminators are alkyl substituted monohydroxy phenyls in which each phenyl is substituted by one alkyl group having 8 or 9 carbon atoms and about 47 to 89% of its hydrogen atoms trisubstituted on carbon atoms with up to about 20% of the substituents in the ortho position and the balance at the para position. This development is also concerned with a process for synthesizing such polymers by using such chain terminators as reactants in generically known synthesis methods for polycarbonates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aqueous solutions or dispersions of polyurethanes, in which process prepolymers which have at least two free isocyanate groups and contain chemically-fixed hydrophilic groups and/or external emulsifiers which are not chemically fixed are reacted with chain lengthening agents in the aqueous phase, characterized in that the isocyanate prepolymer which is hydrophilically modified and/or contains an external emulsifier is mixed with chain lengthening agents selected from the group consisting of azines and hydrazones in the absence of water and the mixture obtained is then mixed with water. The present invention also relates to the dispersions or solutions which can be obtained by this process. Lastly, this invention relates to the use of the dispersions or solutions which can be obtained by this process for coating flexible substrates.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with a single step process for the production of diphenol terminated polycarbonates by the transesterification of diphenols, bis-aryl carbonates and polymeric diols with aliphatically bound terminal hydroxyl groups. These diols are selected from polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers and polyacetals. The transesterification is carried out at elevated temperatures under vacuum optionally in the presence of a catalyst with the ratios of the reactants being such as to avoid the retention of any terminal aliphatic hydroxyl groups or aryl carbonate groups.