Abstract: Pectin containing gelled products are provided such that their gelling is delayed for an enhanced length of time, adequate to permit the deposition or filling of the formulation into molds or containers before gelling proceeds. The products and method by which they are prepared more efficiently use pectin in a delayed gelation process by allowing setting at the optimum gelling pH in order to prepare final products of a desired gel strength with minimal quantities of pectin. A delayed-action or time-release acidulant is used in the method and is incorporated into the formulations and products of this invention, such acidulants including anhydrides, esters, lactones, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A non-laminated paper sheet product characterized by regions or islands of increased thickness, usually located in the center of the sheet for more economical use of the paper product and for conservation of wood pulp. The regions of increased thickness are formed by depositing or laying additional pulp stock onto a generally uniform thickness paper web in the web-forming area of a paper machine in either wet or dry methods of paper production. Continuous regions of increased thickness in the web can be formed by corresponding variations in the width of the web or by spraying the additional pulp onto the forming web. Islands of increased web thickness can be formed by periodically interrupting pulp stock depositing sprayheads disposed at spaced locations across the width of the forming web, with timing devices or web thickness sensors controlling the sprayheads.

Abstract: A fluid treating apparatus and method are provided which employ finely subdivided surface active particles arranged in loose bed form and confined within a treating tank by means which prevent the escape of such particles but which permits fluid flow therethrough at a high rate with a minimum pressure drop. In an important embodiment, the apparatus and method of this invention are particularly directed to the treatment of water with fine mesh ion cation exchange resin particles of below 50 mesh size, and preferably 100 to 200 mesh or smaller, measured on a dry basis.

Abstract: A fluid treating apparatus and method are provided which employ finely subdivided surface active particles arranged in loose bed form and confined within a treating tank by means which prevent the escape of such particles but which permits fluid flow therethrough at a high rate with a minimum pressure drop. In an important embodiment, the apparatus and method of this invention are particularly directed to the treatment of water with fine mesh ion cation exchange resin particles of below 50 mesh size, and preferably 100 to 200 mesh or smaller, measured on a dry basis.

Abstract: Cellulose materials such as paper and card stocks are provided in a generally transparent or so-called transparentized form while substantially maintaining the initial strength and stiffness of the pretreated stock. A generally opaque stock is treated with a solventless resin system which is cured by actinic radiation in order to thereby transparentize the stock without subjecting it to lengthy and relatively severe wetting conditions.

Abstract: The ram housings of a volumetric metering stuffer are provided with ram seals to prevent leakage of the product being stuffed. The rams are reciprocated translatorily along substantially straight lines to prevent sidewise thrust on the seals. Cushions absorb the shock incident to the ends of the strokes of the rams and provide smooth deceleration thereof. Each ram has a clean-up cage to receive the ram when the ram is withdrawn from its housing.

Abstract: Improved foldable packaging cases are provided which are particularly suitable, when in their fully opened condition, for use in transporting a plurality of cartons containing fluid products, particularly liquid dairy products such as milk and flavored drinks. The improved cases include structural features that cooperate to provide a case that is readily folded into a compact unit that is especially suitable for opening up to its fully unfolded condition by automatic case opening means, and which when so opened is structured to provide a rigid enclosure that retains a substantially rectangular shape when in use by avoiding both unintentional inward collapsing and undesirable bowing out of the foldable walls.

Abstract: During blending of whey in the presence of heat there is added a metal gluconate solution, to give the whey a bland odor and taste, as well as a colloid enhancer component to impart a colloidal type condition to the whey. Thereafter, a floc initiator may be added to separate the whey into a solids fraction floc and a liquid fraction. Also disclosed is a gelatin containing a bland and colloidal type whey, a gel inducer and a bland soy protein liquid.

Abstract: A unitary, one-piece salt grid, not subject to disassembly during shipment or installation in a brine tank, which is nestable into other grids for convenient shipment or storage prior to placement into the brine tank. The unitary salt grid includes a generally planar platform suitable for supporting and elevating granular salt above at least a portion of a concentrate brine in the bottom of the brine tank by spanning the interior area of the brine tank at a spaced position above the bottom of the tank, reinforcing ribs forming an integral part of a lower side of the platform to maintain the shape of the platform under the weight of the salt on an upper surface of the platform, and a plurality of supporting feet also forming an integral part of the platform and adapted to engage the bottom of the brine tank and support the platform at the spaced position above the brine tank bottom. The supporting feet include hollow frusto-conical sections such that the salt grids are nestable into one another.

Abstract: An automatically resettable fault indicator includes a rotatably-mounted target viewable from the exterior of the indicator for indicating circuit status. The target is positioned in a reset-indicating state by a reset circuit which periodically energizes a first winding to position a permanent magnet mounted for rotation with the target. Upon occurrence of a fault circuitry within the indicator energizes a second winding to reposition the target to a fault-indicating position. A delay circuit in the fault-responsive circuitry prevents simultaneous energization of the first and second windings, and an auxiliary pole piece associated with the main pole piece assists in repositioning the target to the fault-indicating position, for improved performance and reliability in responding to fault currents.

Abstract: A manually-actuated spray head for a liquid container includes a housing within which an insert is provided to establish a liquid flow path through the housing. One end of the insert is compressed by the housing to form a nozzle through which liquid is dispensed from the spray head. The other end of the insert is provided with a flange for sealing engagement with the container. A rotor rotatably driven by a user-actuated trigger compresses the center portion of the insert to force liquids through the nozzle under pressure. Since the entire liquid flow path of the spray head is defined by a replaceable insert construction of the housing is simplified and contamination of subsequently sprayed liquids can be avoided by changing the insert.

Abstract: Polyalloy catalytic coating formulations are used for preparing a metallic substrate surface to enhance subsequent plating thereover of nickel, cobalt or polyalloys including nickel or cobalt. At the same time, these catalytic formulations can be rinsed subsequent to their application onto the substrate and prior to the electroless deposition thereover. Improved products such as printed wiring boards may be made with these catalytic formulations. Such boards are prepared by depositing metal and forming circuitry patterns by using resists, etching techniques and the like which typically leave copper specks on the non-conductive board.

Abstract: A stabilizer, applied either as a coating over the sub-base layer of a presensitized planographic plate or blended into the sensitizer layer thereof, prevents degradation of the sensitizer enabling such plates to be stored over prolonged periods of time without loss of image quality or printing performance. The stabilizer is an aryl sulfonic acid or derivative thereof and, preferably, a haloaryl sulfonic acid or alkali metal salt thereof. In a particularly preferred presensitized plate, a p-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid coating is directly applied to a silicated anodized aluminum plate base and forms a separate layer interposed between the silicate sub-base and a water soluble diazo resin sensitizer layer.

Abstract: An alkaline, electroplating bath for bright zinc plating comprising a source of zinc ions and a bath soluble polymer containing repeating tertiaryaminoalkyl acrylamide groups or quaternary salts thereof. The bath is capable of producing bright, fine grained zinc deposits over a broad current density range both in the presence and absence of cyanides.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for removing contaminants or for recovering valuable minerals in trace amounts by ion exchange treatment of liquids such as municipal and industrial waste waters, ore mining and processing tailings, and the like as they flow through a resin bed wherein ions in the liquid are sorbed into the resin by an ion exchange mechanism. The resin bed is a folded, moving bed which exhibits all of the advantages of a packed ion exchange resin bed. Laminar flows are developed throughout the moving bed system to maintain all interfaces intact, even during the rinsing operation, while the moving bed used is of a "folded" type having a maximum height approximately one-third that of conventional countercurrent units. The ion exchange treatment occurs within a loading vessel resin bed, the beads in the feed portion of which become exhausted and sequentially move out of the loading vessel for subsequent regeneration and rinsing, followed by eventual return to the loading vessel.

Abstract: A collapsible cordless electric hair curling appliance includes a hollow handle adapted for grasping by a user. A heating wand is extensibly slidably retained in the hollow portion of the handle. An improved positive temperature coefficient heating element assembly is positioned inside the wand. An electric plug assembly is also slidably mounted in the hollow portion of the handle. The plug is mounted so as to extend from the handle for connection with a conventional electric socket only when the wand is substantially fully inserted into the hollow handle. The novel plug assembly eliminates the need for a conventional electric cord and is also rotatably mounted in the handle to provide added convenience for plugging the appliance into a conventional electric socket. For storage, both the wand and plug assembly may be enclosed within the handle.

Abstract: A photoreactive coating composition, particularly suited for use in a lithographic plate, is characterized by both reduced exposure time requirements and an intense visual image which is immediately produced upon exposure of the composition to light permitting visual inspection during imaging. The photoreactive composition has a diazo resin layer and an overlayer which includes a photochromic compound (e.g. an indolinobenzospiropyran compound) and a light sensitive polymer selected from the group cinnamoylated and acrylated photopolymer resins.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable system is provided as a latex system that is an oil-in-water polymer emulsion including particulates of water-insoluble polymers in combination with a water-soluble or water-dispersible, light-sensitive polymer having multiple light-sensitive moieties. Prior to coating onto a substrate, the system is a three-phase precursor emulsion of the emulsion particulates, the water phase, and the light-sensitive polymer. After coating, the bulk of the water phase is evaporated off, leaving a two-phase system of the emulsion particulates surrounded by the light-sensitive polymer. When selected areas are subjected to actinic radiation, a water-insoluble matrix is formed, the matrix containing cross-linked light-sensitive polymer having dispersed therethrough and/or included therein the water-soluble polymer particulates, thus forming oleophilic image areas.

Abstract: A chub packaging machine, or the like, incorporates a double-knife cut-off or severing device of the invention. Chub packages are elongate tubular packages which are gathered at their opposed ends and have metal clips clinched therearound to close those ends. The double-knife cut-off device is mounted on the closure head assembly of a conventional chub packaging machine, with appropriate modification, and produces a shorter and cleaner stub end on a chub package than heretofore available. The appreciable amounts of product trapped in the stub ends of chub packages formed on conventional chub machines are substantially eliminated by shortening the stub ends to approximately one-third the usual length. The double knife cut-off device severs a short gathered portion of the tubing between two packages at two spaced apart positions rather than in the center of the portion as heretofore known.

Abstract: Pipe anchor for anchoring pipes to structural members and particularly for anchoring air lines and train pipes to structural members in the underframes of railway cars. Each anchor is a combination of three cooperating parts, namely, an adapter, a base, and a clamp. The adapter is the part that is attached to a structural member preferably by welding. The base is in the form of a saddle which seats on the pipe-engaging section of the adapter and has opposed sides which embrace a pipe on opposite sides and terminate in outturned, inclined, longitudinal flanges. The clamp engages the pipe diametrically opposite from the adapter and has inwardly opening inclined, longitudinal channels adapted to slide over the outturned flanges and draw the three-part assembly into equi-spaced four-point embracing support contact with the pipe.