Abstract: The backlight apparatus includes a light source module having a plurality of light sources connected in series, and a power supply module which generates a driving signal for driving the light source module according a synchronous control signal. A first switch is disposed between the light source module and power supply module, or between a last light source in the light source module and a reference voltage level. The first switch is turned on or off according to the synchronous control signal. In addition, a second switch determines whether or not to couple a function terminal of the power supply module to the reference voltage level to disable the driving signal without power off according to the synchronous control signal.

Abstract: Provided are a transformer, capable of simplifying a manufacturing process and enhancing heat dissipation characteristics and insulating characteristics by adopting a dual-bobbin structure and configuring a secondary winding as a metallic plate extending to the outside, and an electronic device including the same. Heat dissipation from a primary winding is facilitated by forming a primary winding at the outer side. Furthermore, a secondary metallic plate, although formed inside, includes extension portions to thereby facilitate heat dissipation from the secondary metallic plate. Also, by adopting a dual bobbin structure for outer and inner bobbins, a sufficient distance for insulation between the primary winding and the secondary metallic plate is ensured to thereby enhance an insulating function. Further, a manufacturing process can be simplified by forming a secondary winding as a metallic plate manufactured in advance.

Abstract: A method of setting a routing path for transmitting a packet from a source node to a destination node in a wireless multi-hop network including plural nodes and plural links for connecting two nodes with each other. The method includes calculating carrier sense interference weights representing carrier sense interference related to the respective links and combining the carrier sense interference weights of the links included in at least one specific path connecting the source node with the destination node. The method further includes calculating hidden node weights representing hidden node problems related to the respective links and accumulating the hidden node weights of the links included in the path. The method further includes calculating a metric value for the specific path by combining the carrier sense interference weights and the hidden node weights, and determining the specific path with the least metric value as the routing path.

Abstract: A sampling frequency offset estimation apparatus of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system includes a first differential operation unit performing complex conjugate multiplication of scattered pilots of complex symbols subjected to a fast Fourier transform (FFT) in an OFDM receiver, an interpolation unit repeating an operation of obtaining a median complex symbol between two consecutive symbols among complex symbols having first phase difference information from the first differential operation unit by a predetermined number, a second differential operation unit performing complex conjugate multiplication of two consecutive median complex symbols among median complex symbols from the interpolation unit, and a sampling frequency offset estimation unit estimating sampling frequency offset using complex symbols having second phase difference information from the second differential operation unit.

Abstract: The invention discloses water-soluble triterpenephenol compounds having antitumor activity represented by formula (I), wherein the substituents R1˜R4 and M are defined as in the description. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the compounds of formula (I) used quinone methide triterpene compounds as starting materials. The water-soluble triterpenephenol compounds disclosed in the invention can be made into various dosage forms including injection, tablet, capsule, granule and liniment, particularly suitable for making into injection.

Abstract: A noise shaper that compares an input signal to a feedback output signal, which is a truncated version of the input signal, and generates the difference between the two signals (i.e., the error). The noise shaper then integrates the errors by adding to the error multiple of its delayed versions, and quantizes the integrated errors in such a way that the spectrum of the quantization noise is shaped toward high frequencies to be removed by a LC low-pass filter used in conjunction with the noise shaper. The low frequency content of the desired signal is mostly unaffected.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having shallow trench isolation and source/drain regions located therein, a gate stack located on the substrate between the source/drain regions, a first gate spacer on the sidewall of the gate stack, and a second gate spacer on the sidewall of the first gate spacer.

Abstract: In a system or method for controlling wafer back-grinding, a chuck table has a surface for supporting a semiconductor wafer during a back-grinding process, one or more holes in the surface, and one or more sensors disposed in the one or more holes for monitoring a parameter during back-grinding. A computer-implemented process control tool is coupled to receive one or mote outputs from the one or more sensors and control the back-grinding process based on the received one or more outputs.

Abstract: A disposable pull-on type diaper has a separator interposed between an inner surface of an absorbent chassis and the wearer's skin so as to protect the diaper wearer's skin from being soiled with feces. The separator is formed by a piece of sheet extending from a bottom of a crotch region of the diaper toward a front waist region and a rear waist region and fixed to lateral edges of the crotch region. The piece of sheet has a front end and a rear end both extending in a transverse direction of the crotch region. These front end and rear end are free along middle segments thereof as viewed in the transverse direction of the crotch region from an inner surface of an absorbent chassis and inseparably integrated with each other.

Abstract: A nonreturn valve includes a first tube connection housing and a second tube connection housing and a diaphragm disk between the first and second tube connection housings. The disk can be lifted from an annular valve seat upon an overpressure in an inlet channel and can be pressed onto the valve seat upon an overpressure in an outlet channel. The diaphragm disk has an annular bead received in mutually opposite annular grooves of the tube connection housings. The diaphragm disk is provided, radially outside the valve seat, with openings leading to an outlet chamber. The second tube connection housing lying opposite the openings is provided with recesses which communicate with the outlet channel and are separated from each other by supporting surfaces for the diaphragm disc. The recesses are connected to the outlet channel by narrow deep grooves.

Abstract: A multipurpose transducer for an appliance using water, like a washing machine, a dishwasher or a hot-water tank converts physical parameters like water temperature, cleanness and pressure in said appliance into electric signals. It is provided with a temperature transducer (TT), a turbidity transducer (TurbT) and a pressure transducer (PT), all of them being fixed on an electrically insulating mounting support (MS). The pressure transducer (PT) is made as an uncompensated strain gauge in a thick film technology. The temperature transducer (TT) made as a termistor is also manufactured in the thick film technology. The multipurpose transducer (MPT) of the invention requires less work steps to be manufactured, mounted and connected in the appliance of said type than earlier transducers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating fabric conditioner for washable silk products, which can provide smoothness to silk products since fabric conditioners of different kinds are mixed and treated together and decrease whiteness or prevent yellowing.

Abstract: An information storage/readout device for use in a system for continuously manufacturing liquid-crystal display elements comprises an information storage medium which stores therein slitting position information created based on the position of a defect detected by an inspection of a continuous polarizing composite film included in a continuous optical film laminate including a continuous polarizing composite film formed with an adhesive layer and a continuous carrier film releasably laminated on the adhesive layer, to indicate defective-polarizing-sheet slitting positions defining a defective or defect-containing polarizing sheet, and normal-polarizing-sheet slitting positions defining a normal or defect-free polarizing sheet, in the continuous inspected optical film laminate, and a roll of the continuous inspected optical film laminate which is provided with an identification indicia.

Abstract: There are provided a micro gas sensor and a method for fabricating the same that comprises a micro heater formed inside a polysilicon membrane by doping impurities into a specific region of the polysilicon membrane positioned under a gas sensing substance, thereby improving thermal structural stability and making it easy to form the gas sensing substance. The micro gas sensor comprises: a micro heater formed by doping impurities into polysilicon vapor-deposited on a substrate on which a first insulating layer is formed; a polysilicon membrane for decreasing a heat loss of the micro heater; a power electrode for supplying power and a temperature measurement electrode for measuring a temperature, positioned at both ends of the micro heater; a second insulating layer formed on the micro heater; a sensing substance formed on the second insulating layer, for sensing a gas; and a sensing electrode for measuring a change in properties of the sensing substance.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure, for improving the metal gate leakage within the semiconductor device. A structure for a metal gate electrode for a n-type Field Effect Transistor includes a capping layer; a first metal layer comprising Ti and Al over the capping layer; a metal oxide layer over the first metal layer; a barrier layer over the metal oxide layer; and a second metal layer over the barrier layer.

Abstract: A concrete product is produced by providing red dune sand having a particle size of 45 microns or less and mixing the red dune sand with hydraulic cement in a ratio of about 30% of the cement being replaced by the red dune sand. The cement and red dune sand are then mixed with fine and course aggregate, water and a superplasticizer and cast after pouring into a mold cavity. Then within 24 hours of casting, the cast article is steam cured for 12 hours under atmospheric pressure, demolded and placed in an auto clave at 100% humidity. The temperature in the auto clave is raised to 180° C. within one to two hours and maintained at that temperature for 4 to 5 hours. The temperature also increases the pressure to about 10 bars. The pressure is released to reach atmospheric pressure within 20-30 minutes and the temperature reduced gradually, so that the article can be removed.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a semiconductor device on a substrate which includes a plurality of pillar patterns, an impurity region between adjacent pillar patterns, a gate electrode on each pillar pattern, a first capping layer covering the gate electrode, and a separation layer covering the first capping layer between the gate electrodes of adjacent pillar patterns, the first capping layer is removed except for a portion contacting the separation layer, a sacrificial layer is formed to cover the gate electrode, a second capping layer is formed on sidewalls of each pillar pattern, the sacrificial layer is removed and a word line connecting the gate electrodes of the adjacent pillar patterns is formed. In the manufactured device, the first capping layer isolates the impurity region from the word line and the second capping region prevents the sidewalls of the respective pillar pattern from being exposed.

Abstract: A waterproof cover for a mobile phone including: a cover body having the same outward appearance as a mobile phone to accommodate the mobile phone therein, the cover body being made of polyurethane in such a way that the cover body is in a close contact with the mobile phone to be accommodated therein, the cover body having a receiving hole formed on a front face of the cover body for allowing the mobile phone to be inserted into and removed from the cover body; and an adhesive member being continuously releasably-adhered on the front face of the cover body to seal and open the receiving hole.

Abstract: A flat lighting module includes: a frame including a base and an extension portion extending from the base; a light source unit placed on the base that includes a plurality of light emitting devices; and a diffusion plate placed on the light source unit, wherein a light emitting device that is the closest to the extension portion among the plurality of the light emitting devices of the light source unit is disposed separately from the extension portion at a predetermined interval.

Abstract: A noise cancellation apparatus includes a noise estimation module for receiving a noise-containing input speech, and estimating a noise therefrom to output the estimated noise; a first Wiener filter module for receiving the input speech, and applying a first Wiener filter thereto to output a first estimation of clean speech; a database for storing data of a Gaussian mixture model for modeling clean speech; and an MMSE estimation module for receiving the first estimation of clean speech and the data of the Gaussian mixture model to output a second estimation of clean speech. The apparatus further includes a final clean speech estimation module for receiving the second estimation of clean speech from the MMSE estimation module and the estimated noise from the noise estimation module, and obtaining a final Wiener filter gain therefrom to output a final estimation of clean speech by applying the final Wiener filter gain.