Abstract: An hermetically sealed envelope comprises a base having a groove therein, a tubelike cover inserted within the groove, and a sealing member surrounding the cover within the groove. A cold weld between the member and the cover is achieved by permanently deforming the member within the groove. A vacuum-tight seal is thereby achieved in the field without the use of heat, large force, sealants or adhesives.

Abstract: It has been observed that the deposition and patterning of metallic layers on a supported X-ray-transparent film to form a mask for X-ray lithography introduce stresses in the mask structure. In turn these stresses cause distortions of the film and of the high-resolution X-ray-absorptive pattern formed thereon. Various techniques, including new metallization systems, are proposed for minimizing the establishment of stresses in such structures.

Abstract: A parametrically-stable microwave circuit comprises in cascade a negative resistance diode, a stabilizing network, and a complementary type filter. The complementary type filter presents a substantially constant impedance to the stabilizing network from low frequencies to the operating frequency by selectively coupling the diode microwave signals to a dummy load or to a circuit load. With its termination thus controlled, the stabilizing network may be designed to suppress spurious parametric oscillations by presenting to the negative resistance diode a predetermined impedance over a broad range of frequencies.

Abstract: A predetermined small spacing or gap between a semiconductor wafer and a mask is defined by projecting a cushion of air through a central mask aperture toward the wafer. The wafer is supported on a sponge rubber member which is designed, along with the air flow paths, to maintain a uniform small separation as is desirable in the photolithographic printing of semiconductor mask patterns.

Abstract: Functional and parametric checks of a circuit to be tested are in effect conducted concurrently. Equivalent loads are connected to the circuit and the loads are programmable under control of a test system. In that way, various different fan-in and fan-out capabilities as well as other parameters of the circuit may be sequentially checked without disconnecting the system from the circuit and while functional testing is taking place.

Abstract: A very small high-reflectivity mirror surrounded by a low-reflectivity region is fabricated in a self-aligned manner directly on one of the output faces of a stripe-geometry solid-state laser. The phenomenon known as filamentation is thereby effectively controlled.

Abstract: In IC fabrication, feature size accuracy is monitored by making a test pattern composed of grating lines in proximity to two reference patterns. With the proper feature size, the test pattern will visually appear to have a shade of grey intermediate that of the two reference patterns. Too small a feature size will make the test pattern lighter, while too large a feature size will make it appear darker.

Abstract: Submicron plasma trimming of a patterened resist material is combined with ion implantation techniques to achieve submicron control of lateral doping profiles. This makes possible the high-yield fabrication of, for example, bipolar microwave transitors of the self-aligned-emitter type. The basic technique can also be supplied to the fabrication of high performance insulted-gate field-effect transistors, junction-gate field-effect transistors and Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors.

Abstract: It is known to form an optical waveguiding thin film on a substrate. For various practical reasons, it is often desired that an optical beam coupled to the film be laterally confined so as to propagate only in a longitudinal stripe portion of the film. As disclosed herein, this is accomplished by depositing a material on a selected portion of the film surface to establish in a narrow longitudinal region of the film an effective index of refraction that is higher than the index of the remainder of the film. In this way a longitudinal waveguiding stripe is formed in the film without the necessity of irradiating, etching or otherwise directly treating the film itself.

Abstract: A compact flatbed page scanner for facsimile transmission is described. The apparatus uses a linear charge coupled imaging device (CCID) for both light detection and electronic scanning across the width of the page. Compactness is achieved by folding the optical path from the scanned line to the CCID. A moving carriage below a horizontal glass plate supporting the document to be scanned carries: the linear CCID, a lens for focusing an image of one scanning line of the page onto the CCID, an assembly of bar mirrors for folding the path of the light beam from the scanning line to the lens, and tubular lamps for illuminating the scanning line. The motion of the carriage beneath the horizontal glass plate permits scanning an array of parallel lines, equally spaced over the length of the page. In the apparatus described, scanning a complete page may be performed from 4 seconds to several minutes, depending on the bandwidth available for transmission.