Abstract: Described and claimed is a modular fluorometer and a method of using same to control an industrial water system, wherein said modular fluorometer comprises: one or more units with each unit comprising: a channel comprising an optically appropriate cell through which a water sample flows; a light source positioned outside said optically appropriate cell; an optional excitation filter positioned between the light source and the optically appropriate cell; a reference detector positioned outside the optically appropriate cell; an emission detector positioned outside the optically appropriate cell; an optional emission filter positioned between said emission detector and said optically appropriate cell; wherein if more than one unit is present in said modular fluorometer, said optically appropriate cells through which said water sample flows are aligned such that only one channel through which a water sample flows exists in said fluorometer.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel aqueous modified starch solutions, such solutions can contain high levels of the modified starch and remain stable such that on standing, the solution does not form a precipitate, become a non pourable gel, separate or spoil due to attack from microorganisms. The use of the novel aqueous modified starch solutions in a cosmetically acceptable medium for the treatment of a keratin-containing substrate is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises a borosilicate retention aid composition and a method for improving the production of paper by addition of the borosilicate. The borosilicate may be utilized in conjunction with a high molecular weight synthetic flocculent and/or starch, with or without the addition of a cationic coagulant. The borosilicate material is preferably a colloidal borosilicate. Methods for the preparation of the borosilicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises a borosilicate retention aid composition and a method for improving the production of paper by addition of the borosilicate. The borosilicate may be utilized in conjunction with a high molecular weight synthetic flocculant and/or starch, with or without the addition of a cationic coagulant. The borosilicate material is preferably a colloidal borosilicate. Methods for the preparation of the borosilicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises a borosilicate retention aid composition and a method for improving the production of paper by addition of the borosilicate. The borosilicate may be utilized in conjunction with a high molecular weight synthetic flocculant and/or starch, with or without the addition of a cationic coagulant. The borosilicate material is preferably a colloidal borosilicate. Methods for the preparation of the borosilicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: Fluorescent compounds of the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are either both SO3M, or one of R1 and R2 is SO3M and the other is COOM, where M is selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Li or ammonium, are described and claimed. These inert flurorescent compounds have been found to be resistant to oxidizing biocides. One process for making these compounds is described and claimed as the condensation between a 1,8-naphthalic anhydride possessing the desired functionalities and the appropriately substituted o-phenylene diamine. Alternatively, o-amino-nitro-aromatics may be condensed with the various 1,8-naphthalic anhydrides when the in situ reduction of the nitro group is accomplished with a suitable reducing agent such as iron powder. The resulting fluorescent compounds can be used as inert fluorescent tracers in industrial water systems.

Abstract: A natural gum is used to provide emulsification of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) sizing agents for paper products. The natural gum can be nonionic, cationic, anionic, amphoteric, oxidized, derivatized or modified. The alkenyl succinic anhydride size emulsion formed with the natural gum improves stability and the film formed is evenly distributed, thereby promoting more uniform sizing of the paper product. The ratio of the ASA to natural gum in the emulsion ranges from 0.01:1 to 100:1, and preferably 0.1:1 to 20:1. The amount of ASA size is 1 lb./ton to 10 lbs./ton of finished paper product. A surfactant may be used to further improve the stability of the emulsion.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers of Formula Useful comprising from about 0.001 to about 10.0 mole percent of a Repeating Mer Unit represented by the formula: wherein a is an integer of from 1 to 10, R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl groups, R2 and R3 are methyl groups, and R9 is selected from the group consisting of NH and O; and TAG is a fluorescing moiety; are described and claimed.

Abstract: Described and claimed is a method of controlling a boiler in which control is based on information from a control Matrix applicable to the specific parameters of the boiler. The control matrices include (a) Polymer Based All-in-One Product; (b) Residual Phosphate Polymer Product with Scavenger and Condensate Corrosion Inhibitor Fed Separately; (c) pH/Phosphate Product with Polymer, Scavenger, and Condensate Corrosion Inhibitor Fed Separately; (d) All-Polymer Product with Separate Scavenger and Condensate Corrosion Inhibitor Fed Separately; and (e) pH/Phosphate Polymer Product with Scavenger and Condensate Corrosion Inhibitor Fed Separately.

Abstract: A method for monitoring both the planktonic and sessile microbial populations in an industrial water system by the addition of a fluorogenic dye compound is described and claimed.

Abstract: Described and claimed is a method of controlling a cooling water system in which control is based on information from a control Matrix applicable to the specific operating parameters of the cooling water system including: (i) providing a suitable fluorometer, sufficient analytical devices and a suitable controller; (ii) programming the suitable fluorometer and controller using planning information from a control Matrix for cooling water systems being treated with treatment programs selected from the group consisting of: (d) stabilized phosphate, (e) zinc, and (f) all organic; (iii) using the fluorometer and sufficient analytical devices to determine the status of system factors; (iv) determining the pattern of changes in the readings from step (iii) over time; (v) comparing the changes in readings in steps (iii) and (iv), with the information listed in the control Matrix to determine what corrective action(s) is recommended; and (vi) using the controller to automatically implement the corrective acti

Abstract: Fluorescent monomers of the formula wherein M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, lithium and ammonium, and n is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9; are provided which are useful in the production of pyranine-tagged polymers which can be detected using a fluorometer and can be used in industrial water systems as treatment polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application is a composition that is useful for rust and/or corrosion removal that contains a reducing agent, a chelating agent, a surfactant, and a dispersant. Disclosed also are processes for using this composition in aqueous systems and metal surface treatment.

Abstract: The invention comprises a borosilicate retention aid composition and a method for improving the production of paper by addition of the borosilicate. The borosilicate may be utilized in conjunction with a high molecular weight synthetic flocculant and/or starch, with or without the addition of a cationic coagulant. The borosilicate material is preferably a colloidal borosilicate. Methods for the preparation of the borosilicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: An autocycle method to control a cooling water system comprising the steps of: a) adding a treatment product to said cooling water system, with said treatment product comprising inert tracer and tagged treatment polymer in a set proportion; b) providing a sufficient number of fluorometers, c) using said sufficient number of fluorometers to measure the fluorescent signal of said inert tracer and the fluorescent signal of said tagged treatment polymer in the water from the cooling water system; d) using these measured fluorescent signals from step c) to determine the amount of said tagged treatment polymer present in said cooling water system; e) comparing the amount of said tagged treatment polymer present to the amount of tagged treatment polymer being fed into the system to determine the consumption of said tagged treatment polymer; and f) using said consumption of said tagged treatment polymer to control the concentration cycles of said cooling water system, with the proviso that said control is imple

Abstract: The invention comprises a borosilicate retention aid composition and a method for improving the production of paper by addition of the borosilicate. The borosilicate may be utilized in conjunction with a high molecular weight synthetic flocculant and/or starch, with or without the addition of a cationic coagulant. The borosilicate material is preferably a colloidal borosilicate. Methods for the preparation of the borosilicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: The simultaneous precipitation of soluble heavy metal ions from semiconductor wastewater containing abrasive solids and enhancement of microfilter operation is achieved through the addition of an effective amount of a water-soluble polymer containing dithiocarbamate functionalities to the wastewater.

Abstract: A solid-state fluorometry instrument is provided. The instrument is based on either diode laser or light-emitting diode (LED) excitation sources that are capable of being used in a wide range of applications. The solid-state diode laser based fluorometer instrument monitors fluorescent tracers, particularly suitable for industrial water sample stream applications. Using the instrument, a solid-state diode laser or light-emitting diode (LED) is used as an excitation source to excite fluorescent tracer molecules. The fluorescence resulting from the diode laser excitation is imaged with a lens onto a silicon photodiode detector. An optical filter is placed between the sample cell and the photodiode detector to reject scattered laser light. The output from the photodiode is amplified to produce an output voltage proportional to the quantity of fluorescence striking the photodiode detector.

Abstract: A method measuring a rate of fouling caused by a heat flux through the surface subjected to electrochemical polarization. The method includes the steps of: providing a piezoelectric microbalance comprising a piezoelectric material with electrodes disposed thereon; exposing the working electrode of the microbalance to a flowing liquid, the liquid containing at least one fouling forming species; maintaining the liquid at a constant first temperature; maintaining the liquid at required hydrodynamic conditions; applying either a constant heat flux through the microbalance resulting in its working electrode having a variable second temperature or applying a variable heat flux through the microbalance resulting in its working electrode having a constant second temperature; and measuring a rate of fouling on the microbalance surface.

Abstract: Methods for controlling wax and other contaminants by improving the dispersion of these materials through the addition of contaminant dispersants to the process of recycling paper and paperboard are disclosed. A preferred contaminant dispersant comprises: a) water; b) a plasticizer; c) an anionic dispersant; d) a surfactant wetting agent; and e) either 1) an acid or lecithin and optionally, a base, or 2) a preneutralized component.