Abstract: A detergent concentrate composition suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil comprises:(A) an additive concentrate comprising:(a) a lubricating oil, and(b) a lubricating oil soluble sulphurised or non-sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate modified by reaction to incorporate from greater than 2 to less than 40% by weight based on the weight of the concentrate (A) of either (i) at least one carboxylic acid having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group and R.sup.1 is either hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a --CH.sub.2 -COOH group, or an anhydride or ester thereof, or (ii) a di- or polycarboxylic acid containing from 36 to 100 carbon atoms or an anhydride or ester thereof, the concentrate having a BN greater than 300 and a viscosity at 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for separating the components of a gas mixture by PSA in a four-vessel adsorption system operated as two pairs of adsorption vessels. The vessels of each pair are operated 180.degree. out of phase, such that one vessel of a pair is in the adsorption mode while the other vessel of the pair is undergoing adsorbent regeneration. The apparatus includes the two pairs of adsorption vessels, an intermediate gas storage reservoir which is used to temporarily store gas removed from the nonadsorbed gas outlet end of the adsorption vessels for use in various steps of the process, one gas blower and a pair of vacuum pumps. The adsorption cycle is such that the pairs of adsorption vessels are operated out of phase relative to each other and the blower and both vacuum pumps are in continuous operation throughout the process. The process and system are particularly well adapted to the separation of nitrogen from oxygen by vacuum swing adsorption.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen gas by reacting steam with a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce a hydrogen-enriched product gas and subjecting the product gas to pressure swing adsorption to produce a high purity hydrogen product and a hydrogen-depleted waste gas is improved by drying, where necessary, part of the gas mixture and subjecting the dry gas mixture to pressure swing adsorption using a carbon monoxide-selective adsorbent to produce a high purity carbon monoxide product gas and a carbon monoxide-depleted waste gas. Where the gas mixture is produced by endothermic reaction, one or both of the hydrogen-depleted waste gas and the carbon monoxide-depleted waste gas can be used as fuel to supply heat for the endothermic reaction.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst having the elements and the proportions indicated by the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.d O.sub.xwhereA is one or more Ti, Sn, where Sn is always presentD is one or more Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B, Al and Mn whereinm is 0.5 to 10a is greater than zero to 10d is zero to 10x is determined by the oxidation state of the cations present,comprising making an aqueous slurry of a mixture of source batch materials comprising compounds of said elements to be included in the final catalyst, followed by drying and heat calcining the mixture to an active catalyst, wherein the source batch material for the tin is a solution which comprises SnO.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O wherein x.gtoreq.0 dispersed in tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide wherein the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is defined by the following formula:C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 NOHwherein 5.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of unreacted ammonia from the reactor effluent obtained from a reaction zone used to produce acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile comprising quenching the reactor effluent with an aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate wherein the ratio of ammonium ions to phosphate ions in the solution is between about 0.7 to about 1.3, preferably between about 0.9 to 1.2.

Abstract: A process for regenerating molybdenum containing ammoxidation catalyst comprising replacing the molybdenum loss from the catalyst during the ammoxidation reaction wherein ammonium dimolybdenum is utilized as the source for replacement of the molybdenum loss from the original catalyst.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an unsaturated mononitrile selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile comprising reacting an olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene and isobutylene, ammonia and oxygen in a reactor zone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reactor effluent containing the corresponding unsaturated mononitrile, transferring the reactor effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile to a quench column wherein the reactor effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile is contacted with at least a first aqueous stream to cool the reactor effluent, transferring the cooled reactor effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile to an absorption column wherein the reactor effluent containing unsaturated mononitrile is contacted with at least a second aqueous stream to separate and remove the unsaturated mononitrile as a bottom stream from the absorption column, transferring the bottom stream containing the unsaturated mononitrile to a recovery and puri

Abstract: A method of preparing a V.sub.a Sb.sub.b M.sub.m N.sub.n O.sub.x catalyst useful in the ammoxidation of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 hydrocarbon to its corresponding .alpha., .beta. unsaturated nitrile comprising heating an aqueous mixture comprising V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 at a temperature above about 100.degree. to 250.degree. C., preferably 110.degree. to 175.degree. C., most preferably 120.degree. to 160.degree. C., under autogenous pressure with agitation to form a catalyst precursor, drying the catalyst precursor and calcining the catalyst precursor to form the finished catalyst.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst having the elements and the proportions indicated by the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.d O.sub.xwhereA is one or more Ti, Sn, where Sn is always presentD is one or more Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B, Al and Mn whereinm is 0.5 to 10a is greater than zero to 10d is zero to 10x is determined by the oxidation state of the cations present,comprising making an aqueous slurry of a mixture of source batch materials comprising compounds of said elements to be included in the final catalyst, followed by drying and heat calcining the mixture to an active catalyst, wherein the source batch material for the tin is a solution which comprises SnO.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O wherein x.gtoreq.0 dispersed in tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide wherein the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is defined by the following formula:C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 NOHwherein5.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a complex of catalytic oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum and calcium and characterized by the following empirical formula:A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c D.sub.d Fe.sub.e Bi.sub.f MO.sub.12 O.sub.xwhere A=one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs or mixtures thereofB=one or more of Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ag, Pb, Re, Cd and Zn or mixtures thereofC=one or more of Ce, Cr, Al, Sb, P, Ge, La, Sn, V and W or mixtures thereofD=one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba or mixtures thereofand a=0.01 to 1.0; b and e=1.0-10; c, d, and f=0.1 to 5.0 and x is a number determined by the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst having the following formula:V.sub.a Sb.sub.b M.sub.c O.sub.xwherein M=tin, titanium, lithium, sodium, potassium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, niobium, tantalum, tellurium, bismuth, or mixtures thereof,a=0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.1 to 2b=0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.1 to 2c=0.0 to 5, preferably greater than 0 to 5, most preferably 0.01 to 3, andx is a number sufficient to satisfy the valency requirements of the elements,comprising forming an aqueous slurry comprising vanadium and antimony, adding a peptizing agent free of any lithium compounds capable of providing hydroxide ions to said slurry and spray drying said slurry to form an attrition resistant catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel solid state mixed conductor membranes and their use for separating oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes comprise a multicomponent metallic oxide of substantially cubic perovskite structure, stable in air over the temperature range of 25.degree.-950.degree. C., having no connected through porosity wherein the membrane is of a composition represented by the formula ?A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x !?Co.sub.1-y-z B.sub.y B'.sub.z !O.sub.3-.delta., where A.tbd.Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; A'.tbd.La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B.tbd.Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, and mixtures thereof; B'.tbd.Cu, Ni, and mixtures thereof; .about.0.0001.ltoreq.x.ltoreq..about.0.1; .about.0.002.ltoreq.y<0.05; .about.0.0005.ltoreq.z.ltoreq..about.0.3; .delta. is determined by the valence of the metals.

Abstract: A process of producing a fluid bed oxacylation catalyst for olefins and diolefins having the following formula Pd--M--A whereM=Au, Cd, Bi, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, U and mixtures thereof,A=an alkali metal or mixture thereof, andM is present in the range of from 0 to 5 wt %, comprising milling a fixed bed oxacylation catalyst precursor comprising Pd--M on a fixed support with a fluid bed catalyst aqueous binder material to form a uniform aqueous slurry, drying the aqueous slurry to remove the water to form microspheroidal particles of solid fluid bed catalyst precursor, impregnating the microspheroidal particles with a solution of alkali metal salt to form the fluid bed catalyst. The catalyst is particularly useful in the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen.

Abstract: A catalyst having the atomic ratios set forth in the empirical formula below:A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Ge.sub.d Bi.sub.e Mo.sub..sub.12 O.sub.xwhereA=two or more of alkali metals, In and TlB=one or more of Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ca, Fe, Ce, Sm, Cr, Sb, and W; preferably B equals the combination of Fe and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Mn, Ca, Ce, Sn, Cr, Sb, and WC=one or more of Pb, Eu, B, Sn, Te and Cua=0.05 to 5.0b=5 to 12c=0 to 5.0d=0.1 to 2.0e=0.1 to 2.0x=the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valency requirements of the other elements andb>a+c.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds and for extracting oxygen from a gas containing N.sub.2 O, NO, NO.sub.2, SO.sub.2, or SO.sub.3 is described. The process is characterized by the use of mixed metal oxide materials having a perovskite structure represented by the formula:A.sub.s A'.sub.t B.sub.u B'.sub.v B".sub.w O.sub.xwherein A represents a lanthanide or Y, or a mixture thereof; A' represents an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof; B represents Fe; B' represents Cr or Ti, or a mixture thereof; and B" represents Mn, Co, V, Ni, or Cu, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the partial oxidation of C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, using novel membranes formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. The process uses membranes that are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, which are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25.degree. C. to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Abstract: A melt processable high nitrile multipolymer such as an acrylonitrile olefinically unsaturated, multipolymer, which is stabilized by admixing with maleic acid, derivatives of maleic acid, salts of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, maleamides, salts of maleamides, maleates, salts of maleates, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A fluid bed process for the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen comprising feeding a gaseous mixture comprising ethylene and acetic acid into a fluid bed reactor through a first inlet, introducing the oxygen into the reactor through a second inlet, co-joining the oxygen, ethylene and acetic acid in the reactor in contact with a fluid bed catalyst to produce vinyl acetate. The particle size diameter of the particulate catalyst material has a range of 60% of the particles being below 200 microns (0.1 mm) with no more than 40% of the particles being below 40 microns (0.04 mm).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel solid state mixed conductor membranes and their use for separating oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes comprise a multicomponent metallic oxide of substantially cubic perovskite structure, stable in air over the temperature range of 25.degree.-950.degree. C., having no connected through porosity wherein the membrane is of a composition represented by the formula ?A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x !?Co.sub.1-y-z B.sub.y B'.sub.z !O.sub.3-.delta., where A.ident.Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; A'.ident.La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B.ident.Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, and mixtures thereof; B'.ident.Cu, Ni, and mixtures thereof; .about.0.0001.ltoreq..times..ltoreq..about.0.1; .about.0.002.ltoreq.y<0.05; .about.0.0005.ltoreq.z.ltoreq..about.0.3; .delta. is determined by the valence of the metals.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile obtained from the reactor effluent of an ammoxidation reaction of propylene or isobutylene comprising passing the reactor effluent through an absorber column and recovery column and stripper column wherein the improvement comprises increasing the recovery column top pressure by mechanical means by about 0.1 to 5 psi to improve the hydraulic capacity of the recovery and stripper columns.