Abstract: Disclosed is a process comprising the heat treatment of certain V and Sb-containing catalysts at a lower temperature than the previous calcination temperature of the base catalyst to improve catalytic performance; the catalysts resulting from such process; and certain oxidation and ammoxidation reactions in the presence of such a catalyst.

Abstract: Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of making a promoted vanadium antimony oxide catalyst comprising reacting a monoperoxovanadium ion while in aqueous solution with the antimony compound wherein the improvement comprises adding the antimony compound to the aqueous slurry in at least two steps.

Abstract: A catalyst having the atomic ratios set forth in the empirical formula below:A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Ge.sub.d Bi.sub.e Mo.sub.12 O.sub.xwhereA=two or more of alkali metals, In and TlB=one or more of Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ca, Fe, Ce, Sm, Cr, Sb, and W; preferably B equals the combination of Fe and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Mn, Ca, Ce, Sn, Cr, Sb, and WC=one or more of Pb, Eu, B, Sn, Te and Cua=0.05 to 5.0b=5 to 12c=0 to 5.0d=0.1 to 2.0e=0.1 to 2.0x=the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valency requirements of the other elements andb>a+c.

Abstract: A process for the removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon blend using a solvent with a liquid-phase density at 25.degree. C. not less than 0.90 g/cm.sup.3, and a Hansen polar solubility parameter .delta..sub.P, and a Hansen hydrogen bonding parameter .delta..sub.H, such that at 25.degree. C.9.0(Cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 <(.delta..sub.P +.delta..sub.H)<28.0(Cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2.The process is useful for purifying feedstocks to catalytic conversion processes, particularly etherification processes used in the production of ether-rich additives for gasoline.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process comprising the heat treatment of certain V and Sb-containing catalysts at a lower temperature than the previous calcination temperature of the base catalyst to improve catalytic performance; the catalysts resulting from such process; and certain oxidation and ammoxidation reactions in the presence of such a catalyst.

Abstract: A process of producing a fluid bed oxacylation catalyst for olefins and diolefins having the following formula Pd-M-A whereM=Au, Cd, Bi, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, U and mixtures thereof,A=an alkali metal or mixture thereof, andM is present in the range of from 0 to 5 wt %,comprising milling a fixed bed oxacylation catalyst precursor comprising Pd-M on a fixed support with a fluid bed catalyst aqueous binder material to form a uniform aqueous slurry, drying the aqueous slurry to remove the water to form microspheroidal particles of solid fluid bed catalyst precursor, impregnating the microspheroidal particles with a solution of alkali metal salt to form the fluid bed catalyst. The catalyst is particularly useful in the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel solid state mixed conductor membranes and their use for separating oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes comprise a multicomponent metallic oxide of substantially cubic perovskite structure, stable in air over the temperature range of 25.degree.-950.degree. C., having no connected through porosity wherein the membrane is of a composition represented by the formula [A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x ][Co.sub.1-y-z B.sub.y B'.sub.z ]O.sub.3-.delta., where A.tbd.Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; A'.tbd.La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B.tbd.Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, and mixtures thereof; B'.tbd.Cu, Ni, and mixtures thereof; .about.0.0001.ltoreq.x.ltoreq..about.0.1; .about.0.002.ltoreq.y<0.05; .about.0.0005.ltoreq.z.ltoreq..about.0.3; .delta. is determined by the valence of the metals.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile obtained from the reactor effluent of an ammoxidation reaction of propylene or isobutylene comprising passing the reactor effluent through an absorber column, a first decanter, recovery column, a second decanter and stripper column wherein the improvement comprises maintaining inside temperature of the first and second decanter at between about 32.degree. F. to 75.degree. F.

Abstract: A homogeneous, high nitrile melt processable acrylonitrile olefinically unsaturated multipolymer and a process for making the multipolymer, comprising polymerizing a mixture of acrylonitrile monomer and one or more olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which the rate of addition of the multimonomer mixture is set by the rate of polymerization so that the concentration of unreacted acrylonitrile monomers and unreacted olefinically unsaturated monomer(s) is low and the polymerization process is in a monomer starved condition.

Abstract: A process for making a thermally stable melt processable acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/olefinically unsaturated multipolymer, comprising polymerizing a mixture of acrylonitrile monomer, methacrylonitrile monomer, and olefinically unsaturated monomer in which the rate of addition of the multimonomer mixture is set by the rate of polymerization so that the concentration of unreacted acrylonitrile monomer, unreacted methacrylonitrile monomer and unreacted olefinically unsaturated monomer is low and the polymerization process is in a monomer starved condition.

Abstract: A process for making acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymer, comprising polymerizing a mixture of acrylonitrile monomer and methacrylonitrile monomer in which the rate of addition of the comonomers is set by the rate of polymerization so that the concentration of unreacted acrylonitrile monomer and unreacted methacrylonitrile monomer is low and the polymerization process is in a starved condition.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds and for extracting oxygen from a gas containing N.sub.2 O, NO, NO.sub.2, SO.sub.2, or SO.sub.3 is described. The process is characterized by the use of mixed metal oxide materials having a perovskite structure represented by the formula:A.sub.s A'.sub.t B.sub.u B'.sub.v B".sub.w O.sub.xwherein A represents a lanthanide or Y, or a mixture thereof; A' represents an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof; B represents Fe; B' represents Cr or Ti, or a mixture thereof; and B" represents Mn, Co, Vi, Ni or Cu, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a fluid bed vinyl acetate (VAM) catalyst comprising impregnating a support comprising a mixture of substantially inert microspheroidal particles with a solution comprising a halide-free metal salt of Pd and M, wherein M comprises Ba, Au, La, Nb, Ce, Zn, Pb, Ca, Sr, Sb or mixtures thereof, reducing the metal salts to form a deposit of Pd and M on the support surface and impregnating the support with at least one halide-free alkali metal salt. At least 50% of the particles used for the microspheroidal support have a particle size below 100 microns, preferably below 60 microns.

Abstract: The process for the ammoxidation of a C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 paraffinic hydrocarbon to its corresponding .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated hydrocarbon comprising reacting the C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 paraffinic hydrocarbon with ammonia and oxygen in a fluid bed reactor at a temperature of between 250.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst having the empirical formula as follows:V.sub.v Sb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.d O.sub.xwherein A when present is Sn and/or Ti;D when present is one or more of Li, Mg, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B, Al, P and Mn; andwherein v is 1, m is 0.5-75, a is 0 to 25, d is 0 to 25, and x is determined by the oxidation state of the cations present,and a minor quantity of an halogen-containing component, preferably characterized by the following formula:R--X or X.sub.2where R=Hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyland X=F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating extractable organic material from a composition comprising organic material intermixed with solids and water. The composition is contacted with a solvent and a dehydrating agent. The dehydrating agent removes water, improves the solvent extraction, and aids in later separation of the solids from the solvent. The process additionally provides a means for removing cyanide compounds from the composition and fixating the metals against leaching.

Abstract: A fluid bed process for the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen comprising feeding a gaseous mixture comprising ethylene and acetic acid into a fluid bed reactor through a first inlet, introducing the oxygen into the reactor through a second inlet, co-joining the oxygen, ethylene and acetic acid in the reactor in contact with a fluid bed catalyst to produce vinyl acetate. The particle size diameter of the particulate catalyst material has a range of 60% of the particles being below 200 microns (0.1 mm) with no more than 40% of the particles being below 40 microns (0.04 mm).

Abstract: A process of producing a fluid bed oxacylation catalyst for olefins and diolefins having the following formula Pd-M-A whereM=Au, Cd, Bi, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, U and mixtures thereof,A=an alkali metal or mixture thereof, andM is present in the range of from 0 to 5 wt %, comprising milling a fixed bed oxacylation catalyst precursor comprising Pd-M on a fixed support with a fluid bed catalyst aqueous binder material to form a uniform aqueous slurry, drying the aqueous slurry to remove the water to form microspheroidal particles of solid fluid bed catalyst precursor, impregnating the microspheroidal particles with a solution of alkali metal salt to form the fluid bed catalyst. The catalyst is particularly useful in the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen.

Abstract: The process of manufacturing a catalyst having the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.d O.sub.xwhere A is one or more of Ti, Sn, Fe, Cr, Ga, Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B and Mn,D is one or more of Li, Ag, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, (VO).sup.2+, (PW.sub.12 O.sub.40).sup.3- and (PMo.sub.12 O.sub.40).sup.3-m is from about 0.5 to 10a is 0.01 to 10d is 0.0001 to 2.0, preferably 0.0001 to 0.1;x=number of oxygen ions necessary to satisfy the valency requirementcomprising forming a catalyst precursor having the formula VSbmAaOx wherein m, A, a and x are defined above, adding at least one D element to the surface of said catalyst precursor and calcining the surface modified catalyst precursor to produce said catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are non-woven fabrics made from fibers formed from melt-processable and stable addition copolymers containing 30 to 90 weight percent acrylonitrile moiety and up to 70 weight percent methacrylonitrile moiety and optionally less than 20 weight percent moieties of other comonomers.