Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compositions are described which are made using diluents including soya bean oil, caster oil, mineral oils, isoparaffin/naphthenic and coconut oil. Such diluents remain as diluents in the final product and generally have a vapor pressure of 1 mm of Hg or less at 25.degree. C., and are liquid at ambient temperature. The quaternary/ammonium diluent compositions have low volatile organic compound emission rates and high flash points, and can be tailored to particular applications. Such applications include use a fabric softeners, cosmetics ingredients, deinking additives, surfactants, and reaction materials in the manufacture of organoclays.

Abstract: An improved pumpable anti-abrasion/slip ink additive is disclosed comprising a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyalphaolefin. As an alternative, additional material, such as phenolic resins and oils can be added to the mixture. The additives permit the less costly manufacture of printing inks, most particularly heat set inks and results in print which has improved rub, slip and anti-mar characteristics.

Abstract: An organoclay made by the reaction of smectite clay and a quaternary ammonium compound derived from an oil having 50% or more of its carbon chain lengths consisting of C.sub.14 or lower is described as an effective oil spill remediation agent. Oils used include coconut, babasso and palm-kennel oil. Such organoclay's effectiveness as an oil spill remediation agent, and that of organoclays can be increased by (a) further treatment with a water insoluble compound such as vegetable oil and b) by mixture with an organic fibrous material such as waste paper pulp. The agents produced are particularly effective in polar and arctic waters in maintaining buoyancy of the oil agglomeration formed by their use. Methods of remediating oil spills using organoclays particularly useful in regions such as waters of the Alaska oceans and inlets of the North Sea are also described.

Abstract: In the preparation of a suspension with a high content of titanium dioxide, which has been produced according to the chloride process, a finely divided titanium dioxide is slurried, in unflocculated condition without use of a dispersing agent, dechlorinated and then filtered. The content of multivalent anions can be controlled in the slurry before the filtration through suitable dechlorinating agents, particularly hydrogen peroxide and/or sodium hydrogen sulfite, and thereby the solid content in the filter cake and the consistency of the filter cake are advantageously influenced. If, on one hand, no or only few multivalent anions are present, a thixotropic filter cake with a high solids content is obtained in a pressure filtration. The filter cake is converted into a titanium dioxide suspension with a high solids content through feeding into a titanium dioxide suspension to which a dispersing agent has been added.

Abstract: Small quantities of an alkali metal salt control additive, along with the addition of a rutile promotion additive, preferably aluminum trichloride as ruffle promoter, is added in the oxidation of titanium tetrachloride into the titanium dioxide burner reaction zone. Metal used to make aluminum trichloride is introduced into a aluminum chloride generator reactor in a main branch, and the alkali metal salt is introduced in a subsidiary branch in a controlled addition provided by a "dilution" mixture of the salt in aluminum powder and preferably by applying additional agents which improve the flee-flowing properties of the mixture such as, for example, anhydrous potassium oleate.

Abstract: A liquid, pourable rheological additive expecially useful for thickening liquid organic compositions which comprises the reaction product of a defined polyalkoxylated nitrogen-containing compound, polycarboxylic acid and a liquid diamine. The additive, which exists in a pourable, pumpable form at up to a 100% rheologically active composition, exhibits excellent thickening efficiency for systems including inks, epoxies, polyesters, paints, greases and other systems, including ease of dispersibility, without adversely affecting gloss. The additive operates by both an associative and a reaction mechanism to provide rheological viscosity properties to such systems, and is also similarly useful for aqueous systems.

Abstract: A liquid, pourable rheological additive especially useful for thickening organic and solvent-based compositions which in one aspect comprises an alkoxylated nitrogen-containing compound, polycarboxylic acid, and a functional chain ending unit. The additive, which exists in a pourable, pumpable form at up to a 100% rheologically active composition, exhibits excellent thickening efficiency for systems including inks, epoxies, polyesters, paints, greases and other systems, including ease of dispersibility, without adversely affecting gloss. The additive operates by both an associative and a reaction mechanism to provide rheological viscosity properties to such systems, and is also similarly useful for aqueous systems.

Abstract: Subpigmentary titanium dioxide with decreased photoactivity is produced if known ions for increasing photostability in titanium dioxide pigments are not deposited on the surface of the subpigmentary particles, but instead are included intracrystallinely in the pigment particle (i.e., doped). In a preferred process for preparation of doped subpigmentary titanium dioxide particles, an acid solution containing the dopant is added in two stages to a suspension of subpigmentary titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A novel organophilic clay gellant comprising the reaction product of:(a) a smectite clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of natural clay without impurities;(b) a first organic cation in an amount of from about 75% to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite clay;(c) a second organic cation provided by a polyalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salt; and(d) one or more organic anion(s) that is capable of reacting with said first and second organic cations, to form an organic cation-organic anion complex with said smectite clay.The organophilic clay gellant is used in a non-aqueous fluid system such as paints, inks, and coatings to provide improved theological properties.

Abstract: A pourable liquid thickening composition for aqueous systems including latex coatings is described. The composition comprises in specified ratios an associative thickener polymer, water and one or more surfactants. Associate thickener polymers include polyurethanes, polyesters, polyacrylamides, modified hydroxyethyl celluloses, alkali soluble emulsions and other chemicals. Specific surfactants include dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfates, alpha olefin sulfonates and sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols.

Abstract: The invention relates to crosslinked carboxylic copolymers comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid; a comonomer containing a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group, a crosslinking monomer selected from the group consisting of triallylisocyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, and gIyoxal bis(diallyl acetal) and an ethoxylated glyceride compound. The copolymer provides superior feel and appearance to a large variety of personal care and pharmaceutical products including cosmetics, creams, lotions and lipsticks.

Abstract: The production of titanium dioxide by the sulphate process generates waste substances such as the wash filtrates, which are formed in the washing of titanium dioxide hydrate, and waste gases which contain sulphur dioxide. In this improved process the wash filtrate is used to remove the sulphur dioxide from the waste gas while the sulphuric acid content of the wash filtrate is raised and the sulphuric acid-containing process solution thus obtained is used within the scope of the titanium dioxide production process. The waste gas and the wash filtrate are passed countercurrently through a series of several washing steps and are contacted with each other by introducing the wash liquid into the waste gas in a finely divided form in scrub towers. The sulphuric acid content of the washing fluid is stepwise changed from washing stage to washing stage. The sulphur dioxide content of the waste gas is reduced to values that may be discharged into the ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for purifying an acidic technical-grade iron chloride solution formed from cyclone dust from the production of TiO.sub.2 in accordance with the chloride process by adjusting the pH with a first neutralizing agent and thereafter introducing the pH adjusted solution in a controlled manner into a solution containing a second neutralizing agent. In this process undesired ions which are to be separated, such as chromium, vanadium, zirconium and/or niobium, precipitate in the form of efficiently filterable hydroxides which can be separated industrially under economical conditions by filtration. The filter cake is non-hazardous and can safely be disposed of by dumping. Calcium carbonate is the preferred neutralizing agent, and the pH adjustment may also advantageously be effected by using scrap iron or by using iron sinters with reduction of any Fe(III) ions before the second neutralization step.

Abstract: Improved organophilic clay gellants for highly viscous systems such as asphalt and creosote can be prepared by a process wherein the smectite-type clay is gently dried and/or subjected to minimum or no grinding. The organophilic clay agent may be used to thicken a variety of organic compositions including pitch and heavy resins. In a preferred aspect, the organophilic clay gellant can be directly added to asphalt systems in order to efficiently and effectively modify the viscosity thereof without the use of either a polar activator as a dispersion agent or a preactivation agent.

Abstract: A finely divided chloride process titanium dioxide prepared without the use of a dispersing agent. The slurry is dewatered via filtration, and the resulting filter cake is made flowable with an anionic dispersing agent. In order to attain a filter cake with very high solids content, the slurry should contain no, or only very few, multivalent anions. The conditions regarding the content of multivalent anions of the slurry are achieved by selection of suitable dechlorinating agents, especially hydrogen peroxide. The filter cake is thixotropic and is made flowable by the fact that it is put into the "diluted" dispersing agent, especially into a part of the titanium dioxide suspension to which the required quantity of dispersing agent has previously been added. Titanium dioxide suspensions with solids content of approximately 78% are thereby obtained and are of particular use in the paper industry.

Abstract: A process for treating wastepaper to remove oily waste and inorganic components, which comprises: (a) forming an organoclay treating composition in a wastepaper aqueous system; (b) contacting the wastepaper aqueous system with an amount of the organoclay effective to remove from the wastepaper oily waste and inorganic components; and (c) recovering paper pulp from the aqueous system. The process is effective in wastepaper treatment systems using both air flotation removal as well as systems utilizing water-washing processes.

Abstract: A pourable, liquid antisettling composition comprises at least one low molecular weight copolymer of ethylene and an alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid that has been neutralized with a neutralizing agent and water. The composition can be an additive in aqueous coating compositions and provides excellent pigment suspension and rheological properties to aqueous based coating and ink compositions.

Abstract: Organoclays made from smectite-type clays are described as rheological additives for clear systems including clear coat paints, lacquers, varnishes and personal care products. Such additives impart desirable properties to such systems and do not adversely impact the desired properties of clarity and transparency required in such systems.

Abstract: A polyamide (or oligomeric amide) ester rheological additive especially for organic solvent-based compositions comprises the reaction product of a defined polycarboxylic acid, a diamine, an alkoxylated polyol and a capping agent. The additive exhibits excellent efficiency and ease of dispersibility and is especially effective when first predispersed in an organic solvent. Organic solvent-based compositions which may be thickened by using the rheological additive are aliphatic, aromatic, and some moderately polar solvent-based compositions.

Abstract: A theological additive especially for liquid organic systems containing a castor-oil derivative with hydroxyl values below that appearing in nature. The additive may also contain clays and other extenders. The preferred derivative is castor wax. The additive largely eliminates the long term problem of seeding exhibited by paints and coatings using castor-oil derived additives while simultaneously providing improved dispersability and viscosity modifying qualities.