Abstract: It has been discovered (Examples 4, 11 and 17) that certain desirable films will not absorb a sufficient amount of certain desirable, polymerizable monomers as to result in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties after polymerization of any absorbed such monomers and after any subsequent conversion of such absorbed and polymerized monomers into ionizable moieties. It has also been discovered that if a predetermined amount of plasticizer, extractable by such monomers, is incorporated into such films, then the latter will absorb a sufficient amount of such monomers as to result (after polymerization of such monomers) in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties.

Abstract: This invention is directed to producing highly concentrated solutions of methylenebisacrylamide and thereafter blending with ionogenous acrylic monomers to produce low porosity, highly crosslinked, water insoluble polymers.

Abstract: A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

Abstract: This invention pertains to processes for manufacturing in an environmentally friendly way, continuous, supported ion exchange membranes from (I) liquids containing vinyl and related monomeric electrolytes and high boiling solvents therefor, said solvents also being swelling agents for said membranes; and (II) an indefinitely long, foraminous substrate and to the products of such processes.

Abstract: This invention is directed to highly crosslinked, substantially water insoluble, cation exchange membranes prepared from homogeneous solutions comprising at least one substantially water soluble polar solvent (including water) at least one substantially water soluble polymerizable monomeric onium styrene sulfonate McKee type salt and/or substantially water soluble monomeric, polymerizable derivative thereof and at least one substantially water insoluble, di-, tri- or poly-ethylenic (vinyl or related) crosslinking monomer copolymerizable with said sulfonate salt. Membranes, especially useful in electrodialysis, may be obtained in "one-step" processes which require no further chemical reactions after polymerization.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for introducing ion-exchange and other particulates into certain compartments of an assembled electrodeionization stack comprising flowing a slurry of said particulates into the compartments while employing strainers for particulate retention so as to form a packed bed in the compartments; also apparatus and method for flowing said particulates out of said stack in the form of a slurry.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing supported, solid, polymeric sheets from: (I) liquids containing components reactable to polymers; and (II) one or more indefinitely long, foraminous substrates. A more or less continuous sandwich is formed of such substrate(s) and, faced on each side of the substrates as a group, film extending beyond the lateral edges of the substrate(s), the plane of the sandwich deviating from vertical by not more than about 45 degrees.

Abstract: A thin film composite (TPC) ultrafilter/hyperfilter water softening membrane on a microporous substrate is produced by an interfacial polymerization reaction between (1) an aqueous phase comprising a blend of water soluble and water dispersible compounds, the former containing piperazine and polyamines, the latter using a chlorine or other oxidant reacting compound which protects the resulting membrane from damage by any chlorine present and (2) an organic phase comprising polyfunctional agents capable of reacting and/or polmerizing with one or more of the ingredients of said aqueous phase.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for separating a fluid mixture into less permeable and more permeable fractions employing novel selectively permeable barriers comprised of a porous, emulsion treated substrate and a non-porous selectively permeable barrier layer thereon.

Abstract: Processes for manufacturing in an environmentally friendly way, continuous, supported ion exchange membranes from (I) liquids containing vinyl and related monomeric electrolytes and high boiling solvents, the solvents also being swelling agents for the membranes; and (II) an indefinitely long, foraminous substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the concentration of carbon compounds in water, the apparatus including a reaction zone for converting such carbon compounds to free and/or combined carbonaceous acids, a device for introducing at least a portion of the water to be analyzed as liquid or vapor into such zone, a device for contacting such acids with weakly basic anion exchange resin and a device for measuring the electrical impedance of at least a portion of such resin.

Abstract: Ion exchange membranes of the all-aliphatic structural variety, are made from plastisol films of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its copolymers coupled through the nitrogen atom with an aliphatic vinyl monomer containing a tertiary nitrogen atom or a polymer or copolymer of such a monomer such membrane subsequently, quaternized with an alkyl halide.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for introducing ion-exchange and other particulates into certain compartments of an assembled electrodeionization stack comprising flowing a slurry of said particulates into the compartments while employing strainers for particulate retention so as to form a packed bed in the compartments; also apparatus and method for flowing said particulates out of said stack in the form of a slurry.

Abstract: Novel thin film composite membranes are disclosed. They are prepared from vinyl and related monomers by phase transfer catalysis at the interface between one phase containing a polymerizable vinyl or related monomer and a second phase containing an entity necessary to initiate polymerization of the monomer. The two phases are substantially insoluble in each other. At least one of the phases is a fluid. One of the phases is integral with a porous support or substrate or a precursor of such support or substrate such as a porous organic or inorganic diaphragm made by thermal phase inversion from which the soluble phase has not been extracted.

Abstract: A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangeable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

Abstract: Asymmetric, semipermeable membranes cast from a solution comprised of poly(aryletherketone) dissolved in a strongly protic non-reactive acid.

Abstract: A composite semipermeable membrane having improved chlorine tolerance, produced by employing the development of a thin film polymer layer by precipitation of the polymer at the interface of an aqueous (or organic) liquid layer; and an aqueous emulsion polymer layer at or near the surface of a semiporous support or substrate. No chemical reaction is involved.

Abstract: This invention pertains to processes and apparatus for manufacturing supported, solid, polymeric sheets from: (I) liquids containing components reactable to polymers; and (II) one or more indefinitely long, foraminous substrates. A more or less continuous sandwich is formed of such substrate(s) and, faced on each side of the substrates as a group, film extending beyond the lateral edges of the substrate(s), the plane of the sandwich deviating from vertical by not more than about 45 degrees.

Abstract: In contrast to prior art conventional anion selective membranes, the membranes of this invention have a low transport number for hydrogen ions (e.g. t.sub.H.spsb.+ .ltoreq.0.3) and a high transport number for low ionic weight anions (e.g. t.sub.A.spsb.- .gtoreq.0.7) in acid solutions (e.g. 0.5 to 1.0 gram-equivalents H.sup.+ per liter). As compared to such prior art membranes, those of this invention have a critically lower ratio of water content to anion exchange capacity.