Abstract: Compositions for coating steel wire to facilitate the cold drawing thereof comprising:A. from about 50 to about 99.9% by weight of K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 ;B. from about 0 to about 49.99% by weight of K.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7 and/or KBO.sub.2 ; andC. from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of an ammonium and/or a potassium soap;wherein up to 50% by weight of the total potassium plus ammonium ions in the composition can be replaced by sodium ions. These compositions form coatings which have good crystalline structure and drawability with low hygroscopicity.

Abstract: An autodeposition bath for coating steel and similar metals is operated initially with a low content of dissolved iron and at a high oxidizing potential. After the iron content has increased beyond a specific level, such as 1.5 g/l, the oxidizing potential is reduced. This permits continued satisfactory operation of the bath with lower rates of iron accumulation in the bath, so that the need for bath stabilization by removing dissolved iron is deferred.

Abstract: Acidic, aqueous hair treatment emulsions, in which an active ingredient combination of phospholipids of natural origin and inorganic and/or organic acids is used, improve the wet and dry combability and reduce the electrostatic charging of hair.

Abstract: The direct hydrothermal production of high purity sodium silicate solutions having a high SiO.sub.2 : Na.sub.2 O molar ratio by reaction of a silicon dioxide source with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions, or with aqueous sodium silicate solutions having a lower SiO.sub.2 : Na.sub.2 O molar ratio, is made possible by using a silicon dioxide source that contains a sufficient fraction of cristobalite phase, or by conditioning other crystalline forms of silicon dioxide by heating at or above 1100.degree. C., but below the melting point of silica, before the hydrothermal treatment. Preferably the sodium hydroxide solution has a concentration range of 10 to 50% by weight, and the reaction is carried out in a closed pressure reactor at temperatures of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. and under saturated steam pressures corresponding to those temperatures.

Abstract: The operation of zinc-nickel phosphate conversion coating of active metals is improved by using phosphating solutions containing formic acid or formate ions. Such solutions can work effectively at low temperatures and provide excellent substrates for paint, particularly that applied by electrodeposition.

Abstract: Novel compounds with structures corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## in which n=0 or 1 and R.sup.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, or an amino group, and salts of such compounds, are superior to previously known couplers for oxidation hair dyes to produce a variety of colors, especially reds, when used with standard developer components. With 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine developer for example, these novel compounds produce red to brown hair colors and, with p-tolylenediamine developer, red to blue-violet hair colors.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of thermoplastic polyamides based on dimeric fatty acids having melting points of at least 120.degree. C. or of mixtures of these thermoplastic polyamides, in which at least 20% of the polyamide has a melting point of at least 120.degree. C., and which contain salts of rosin derivatives having acid values of more than 120 as emulsifiers, show excellent properties as adhesives.

Abstract: Zinc and zinc alloy surfaces can be given an effective corrosion inhibiting treatment by contact for less than a minute with an alkaline aqueous solution having a pH not more than 11 and containing at least 0.020 g/L of dissolved nickel ions and sufficient ammonia to give a molar ratio of ammonia to nickel ion of at least 6. If the concentration of nickel ions in the treating solution is at least 1.0 g/L, a durable blackening of the surface is also produced. Both the corrosion resistance and the quality of the blackening can usually be further improved by subsequent conventional phosphate conversion coating.

Abstract: Problems with previously known aqueous acidic rinsing solutions for aluminum after shaping while using surface lubricants are avoided by use of a solution which contains water and (A) orthophosphoric acid in an amount to give a stoichiometric equivalent of 3.0 to 50 g/L as PO.sub.4.sup.-3, (B) an aluminum ion sequestrant component in an amount of 0.01 to 10.0 g/L; and (C) 20 to 170 ppm of ferric ion. The ferric ions act to inhibit corrosion of the stainless steel process equipment. Preferably the solution also contains 0.1 to 1.0 g/L of H.sub.2 O.sub.2, NO.sub.2.sup.-1 ions, or a mixture thereof to reoxidize ferrous ions formed by reduction of ferric ions during use of the solution and thus maintain the concentration of ferric ions above 20 ppm at all times. The solution may also contain surfactant and up to 10 g/L of dissolved aluminum ions.

Abstract: A leveler coating composition comprising a water-dilutable polyurethane aqueous dispersion having a solids content of 10-50% by weight and a viscosity of 10-50,000 mPa.s; a process for manufacturing the coating; and a method for using it in automotive finishes.

Abstract: Meto-aminophenols of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, or a C.sub.2-4 -hydroxyalkyl; and their use as couplers in an oxidative hair dye in combination with developers.

Abstract: The development of sludge in phosphating baths is prevented by continuously diverting a partial volume of the baths into a separate device comprising three open chambers: an oxidation chamber where the solution is treated with an O.sub.2 -containing gas to oxidize the iron (II) of the solution of iron (III), which precipitates as phosphate; a conditioning chamber in which the iron (iii) phosphate precipitate formed in the oxidation chamber is agglomerated into a readily sedimented form; and a sedimentation chamber in which the sediment formed in the conditioning chamber is separated from the remaining liquid phosphating solution. This solution is then replenished with phosphate layer-forming components, and the replenished solution is subsequently recycled to the phosphating bath.

Abstract: Processes and solutions for phosphating metal surfaces. The solutions are acidic aqueous phosphate solutions containing (a) from 0.1 to 1.5 g/l of zinc ion; (b) from 5 to 50 g/l of phosphate ion; (c) from 0.2 to 4 g/l of manganese ion; (d) at least 0.05 g/l of fluoride ion; (e) less than 0.5 g/l of chloride ion; and (f) a phosphating accelerator. The metal surface phosphated with the solution including galvanized steel, is free of white spots and is suitable for electrocoating.

Abstract: Activation of metal surfaces prior to phosphating can be improved by using aqueous dispersions of polymeric titanium(IV) phosphates in which at least 95% by weight of the polymeric particles have a particle diameter of less than 200 nm. This low particle diameter is attained by adding a titanium(IV)-complexing agent before or during an otherwise conventional reaction between a titanium(IV) compound, acid or phosphate, and water. The complexing agent is used in an amount of less than the stoichiometric amount, based on the titanium(IV) content. The best complexing agents are poly(aldehydocarboxylic acids), 1,1-diphosphonic acids, and/or the alkali metal salts of these types of acids.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a reducing agent is applied to a chromate coated metal surface to reduce the extent to which the chromate coating undergoes dissolution during a subsequent cleaning process.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibitors containing a mixture of one or more water soluble tetraborate salts and one or more water soluble condensed phosphate salts are non-toxic and are more effective than either of the components alone. These compositions containing both tetraborates and condensed phosphates are also more effective than such prior art inhibitors as nitrites and ethanolamine-based inhibitors.

Abstract: A durable hydrophilic surface can be formed on metals by coating them with a composition containing a first water soluble polymer based on polyacrylamide, a second water soluble polymer with at least 60 mole percent of ionizable groups such as acids and quaternary ammonium salts, and a cross linking agent. Water soluble chromium and zirconium salts that can form complexes with the first water soluble polymer are preferred crosslinking agents. The invention is particularly useful for aluminum to be used in heat exchangers.

Abstract: Copolymers of(A) monomers containing amino groups and corresponding to general formula (I) ##STR1## in which each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents a hydrogen or a methyl group; Z represents either an oxygen or a --NH-- group; n is an integer from 2 to 5; (C.sub.n H.sub.2n) represents a bivalent saturated hydrocarbon moiety that may be straight chain or branched and that contains n carbon atoms; and Q is selected from the group consisting of piperazino, piperidino, and morpholino groups and groups having the formula R.sup.3 --N--R.sup.4, with each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently representing a hydrogen or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group; and(B) monomeric esters corresponding to general formula (II) ##STR2## in which each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represents a hydrogen or a methyl group and R.sup.7 represents a C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for phosphating metal surfaces, and more specifically of surfaces of iron, zinc, and aluminum and the alloys thereof as a pretreatment for cold working wherein the surfaces without previous activation are contacted in a temperature range of from 30.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. with an aqueous solution containing(a) from 10 to 40 g/l of Ca.sup.2+ ions,(b) from 10 to 40 g/l of Zn.sup.2+ ions,(c) from 10 to 100 g/l of OP.sub.4.sup.3- ionsand, as accelerator,(d) from 10 to 100 g/l of NO.sub.3.sup.- ions and/or(e) from 0.1 to 2.0 g/l of organic nitro compounds,said solution exhibiting a pH value in the range of from 2.0 to 3.8 and a ratio of free acid to total acid of from 1:4 to 1:100.

Abstract: The use of compositions containing bis- or oligo-bis-guanides, alcohols, hydrogen peroxide, carboxylic acids, and water, applied externally, provides for the effective control of eggs of the threadworm Enterobius vermicularis on the skin.