Abstract: An aqueous liquid composition containing glycerin and polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight in the range of about 400 to about 1000, and, optionally, additional surfactant, is an excellent liquid auxiliary for wet sanding and produces a sanding mud that can easily be removed by washing with water, even after drying.

Abstract: To form a darkening-resistant chromate ram on the surface of a galvanized steel sheet, the surface of the galvanized steel shut is treated with a phosphate treatment solution before it is chromate-treated in such a way that zinc phosphate crystals will cover from 10-60% of the substrate surface.

Abstract: Stereoisomer mixtures of 8,12-oxido-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane are obtained in yields of at least 95% by dehydrating cyclization of stereoisomer mixtures of 8,12-dihydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane in the presence of acid-loaded aluminum oxide.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of preparing preferably highly concentrated aluminum triformate solutions containing alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals, by the neutralization of an alkaline aluminate solution containing alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals by adding formic acid, and subsequently heating the solid precipitated to give a clear, stable aluminum triformate solution. The invention also concerns highly concentrated aluminum triformate solutions containing alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and the use of such solutions to impregnate textiles, in disinfectant and cleaning agents, as a coagulant for paints, or as a setting agent in leather processing.

Abstract: Partially dehydrated castor oils having hydroxyl numbers in a range between 90 and 150 mg of KOH/g are useful as lubricants.

Abstract: Described are mixtures of esters of carboxylic acids branched at the 2 position and polyol mixtures comprising 60 to 99.9% by weight of branched saturated aliphatic polyols with 2 to 6 primary hydroxy groups and 4 to 10 C atoms and 0.1 to 40% by weight of unbranched saturated aliphatic diols with 2 to 12 C atoms. In spite of the branched chain, such acids can be esterified very rapidly, the resulting esters being suitable for use as lubricants.

Abstract: Special compounds, having solidification points above 25.degree. C., selected from the group of dialkylethers and/or carboxylic acid esters are used as smooth agents for the production of wool combed slivers.

Abstract: A lubricant and surface conditioner for formed metal surfaces, particularly aluminum and tin beverage containers, reduces the coefficient of static friction of said metal surfaces and enables drying said metal surfaces at a lower temperature. The conditioner includes a water-soluble organic material selected from alkoxylated or non-alkoxylated castor oil triglycerides and hydrogenated castor oil derivatives; alkoxylated and nonoalkoxylated amine salts of a fatty acid including mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-acids; alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated amino fatty acids; alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated fatty amine N-oxides, alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts, oxa-acid esters, and water-soluble alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of diacetone alcohol in water-miscible cleaning agents free from halogenated hydrocarbons for cleaning electronic and electrical assemblies. Diacetone alcohol can be used to particularly good effect in the removal of fluxes because, in addition to rosin residues, the so-called "white residues" are also removed.

Abstract: The invention is a method for the accurate control of the conversion film thickness produced on aluminiferous metal materials by fluorine-containing acidic conversion treatment baths; and a simple method for determining the EFC value (Effective Fluorine Concentration). The EFC value is determined by potentiometric titration of a fluorine-containing acidic conversion treatment bath having pH<4 without prior pH adjustment using a fluorine ion electrode as indicator electrode. The titrant is an aqueous solution containing the Al ion, La ion, Y ion, Zr ion, Ga ion, Ce ion, or Be ion, an inflection point in the potential curve is used as an indication of the activity of the conversion treatment bath.

Abstract: Fatty acid glycerides can be transesterified with lower aliphatic alcohols if the reaction is carried out in the presence of fatty acids corresponding to formula (II):R.sup.2 --COOH (II),in which R.sup.2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety containing 11 to 17 carbon atoms and 0, 1 or 2 double bonds. The products are distinguished by a low content of bound glycerol and a low acid value. Removal or neutralization of the catalyst is unnecessary because, after the transesterification, the fatty acids are also present in the form of their esters.

Abstract: The invention concerns a powdery, hydrophobic filler for bituminized traffic surfaces, including at least one substance that lowers the freezing point of water.

Abstract: In a process for separating the exocellular proteins from the micro-organisms of a filtered fermentation liquor, the removal of solid is to be improved while retaining the useful substance. This is achieved by, in a first stage, removing substances preventing protein precipitation with the aid of a solid adsorption agent; concentrating the remaining solution to a protein content of about 30 to 40% by weight; and then precipitating and separating the protein, optionally with the addition of precipitants for protein to accelerate the precipitation, at pH values between 6 and 10.

Abstract: The invention is a composition for providing a temporary coating to protect the surface of an article and a solvent free composition for rapidly removing the coating from the article. The invention also includes a method for protecting a surface of an article and a system for carrying out the process.

Abstract: An aqueous waterwhite clear liquid detergent concentrate consisting essentially ofA) at least one sodium, potassium or ammonium salt of a straight or branched chain C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 alkylethoxy (1-3EO) sulfate;B) at least one mono- or di-ethanolamide or isopropanolamide of a C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 straight or branched chain saturated fatty acid; andC) from about 20 to about 90% by weight of water based on the weight of the concentrate; and wherein the weight ratio of component A to component B is in the range of from about 3:1 to about 20:1.The invention also relates to diluted in-use solutions of the above concentrate, which are especially useful for hand dishwashing.

Abstract: The paint adhesion and corrosion resistance of surfaces of aluminum and its alloys, particularly when using a paint based on poly{vinyl chloride}, is improved by using a conversion coating solution having a pH in the range from 1.0 to 3.0 and consisting essentially of water and:(A) an amount of phosphate ions that is stoichiometrically equivalent to at least 5.0 g/L of phosphoric acid;(B) at least 1.0 g/L of hexavalent chromium;(C) at least 0.1 g/L of fluoride ions; and(D) a complex fluoride ion component selected from the group consisting of:(i) at least 4.0 g/L of fluosilicate ions,(ii) at least 0.5 g/L of fluoborate ions,(iii) at least 2.0 g/L of fluozirconate ions, and(iv) at least 2.0 g/L of fluotitanate ions.

Abstract: A chromium free conversion coating at least equivalent in corrosion protective quality to conventional chromate conversion coatings can be formed on metals, particularly galvanized steel, by a dry-in-place aqueous acidic liquid comprising:(A) a component of anions, each of said anions consisting of (i) at least four fluorine atoms and (ii) at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, and boron and, optionally, (iii) one or more oxygen atoms;(B) a component of cations of elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, zirconium, iron, aluminum and copper; the ratio of the total number of cations of this component to the total number of anions of component (A) being at least 2:5; and(C) sufficient free acid to give the composition, after dilution with from 1 to 19 times its own weight of water, a pH in the range from 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: A chromium free conversion coating at least equivalent in corrosion protective quality to conventional chromate conversion coatings can be formed on metals, particularly cold rolled steel, by a dry-in-place aqueous acidic liquid comprising:(A) a component of anions, each of said anions consisting of (i) at least four fluorine atoms and (ii) at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, and boron, and, optionally, (iii) ionizable hydrogen atoms, and, optionally, (iv) one or more oxygen atoms;(B) a component of cations of elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, zirconium, iron, and copper; the ratio of the total number of cations of this component to the total number of anions of component (A) being at least 1:5;(C) sufficient free acid to give the composition a pH in the range from 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of determining the concentration of an iodine-iodide-containing active substance in aqueous solutions intended for use in the cleaning or disinfection of containers such as bottles, drums, kegs, cases and tanks and/or pipe lines in the food-processing industry, as well as for industrial scale cleaning in continuous washing plants, the concentration of the active substances in the solution being measured by determining the iodine/iodide content of the solution. The invention provides a rapid, reliable and accurate method which is not prone to interference and can be used on a continuous basis. In addition, it makes it possible to automate the process by which the active substance is kept at the required concentration. In particular, the method proposed can be employed in an integrated cleaning-in-place system.

Abstract: Minerals can be recovered by flotation from non-sulfidic ores by using detergent mixtures containing:a) salts of sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acids corresponding formula (I):R.sup.1 C(O)--OH (I)in which R.sup.1 CO is a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 double bonds, andb) salts of sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acid glycerol esters corresponding to formula (II): ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 C(O) is a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 double bonds and R.sup.3 C(O) and R.sup.4 C(O) independently of one another represent a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 5 double bonds,and, optionally, other anionic and/or nonionic surfactants, as collectors.