Abstract: An operating method is disclosed for the selective detection of a target gas in a gas mixture to be measured by a field effect transistor with a gas-sensitive layer disposed on a carrier substrate, wherein the gas mixture to be measured is prepared by an electrochemical element such that the measured gas mixture includes minimal amounts of interfering gases that interfere with the measurement of the target gas, and/or at least one target gas is activated such that it is detected by the gas-sensitive layer.

Abstract: Access to a memory area by a first processor that executes a first processor program and a second processor that executes a second processor program is granted to one of the first processor and the second processor at a time. Access to the memory area by the first processor and the second processor are cyclically uniquely allocated (e.g., t?[(ad mod m)=o]) between the first and the second processor by the first and second processor programs.

Abstract: A motor-vehicle gear arrangement for a power-assist gearing in a motor vehicle, that includes a gear, a flange arrangement including at least one flange, wherein the gear is located adjacent to the flange in the flange arrangement so as to rotate about a common axis, and at least one connecting element to connect the gear to the at least one flange. This gear arrangement, or a flange for this gear arrangement, is advantageous due to the fact that the ribs are formed on the flange laterally within a plane perpendicularly to the rotational axis so as to reinforce the flange.

Abstract: A processing device embodied in an integrated circuit may be divided into first and second functional units. A mount for the integrated circuit may be assigned to the first functional unit, which may define the external electrical connections of the processing device. Processing may take place in a second functional unit of the processing device, whose essential connections may normally be accessible from the outside via the external connections of the first functional unit. The processor device having first and second functional units in a mount may be similar to a hybrid circuit but may serve a different purpose. The first functional unit, which may also comprise more than one monolithic integrated circuit, may define the external connections and may make available suitable matching circuits for the second functional unit.

Abstract: An equalizer includes at least two first mutually interfering equalizer sections, and at least two second interference-correcting equalizer sections, arranged in series. Each of the second equalizer sections corresponds with one first equalizer section, such that although each corresponding equalizer has the same center frequency, the second equalizer sections have an equalization response opposite the interference effect, and the gain of the corresponding second equalizer at the respective common center frequency contains the negative gain of at least one first equalizer adjacent to the corresponding first equalizer at the center frequency of the corresponding first equalizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus to display a geographical picture on a screen (36) of a monitor (30), which is connected over a data bus (3) to a first computer (1). The invention specifies that the first computer (1) furnishes abstract data (a, c, f), determined on a geographical basis, to the data bus (3), and that these data (a, c, f) are processed in a second computer (31) situated in the monitor (30), for the visual display of a picture on the screen (36) of the monitor (30).

Abstract: A device that determines gradients of a signal compares the change in a signal level between two instants with reference values, and determines a measure for the signal gradient as a function of the comparison. The device functions to effect signal reconstruction, where, for example, the phase of the signal processing clock relative to the gradient measurement clock can be adjusted, or a measure for the signal values between multiple sampling points can be determined. A method for controlling signal curves based on gradient values determines a measure for the gradient curve or the curvature of the signal from the immediate time sequence of multiple gradients. Based on a sequential evaluation of these measures, it is possible to determine the direction of the phase drift of the signal and, for example, to utilize this for synchronization or phase control.

Abstract: A bus system includes a bus and first and second bus interfaces, along with at least one data line that transmits data between the first and second bus interfaces. The bus system also includes first and second bus control devices, where the first bus control device is allocated to the first bus interface and the second bus control device is allocated to the second bus interface. First and second signaling lines signal a respective state of each of the first and second bus control devices and a third signaling line signals an exchange of data. A clock line is included that synchronizes the bus system by a clock. The first and second bus control devices each generate a control word having control information that relates to the data transmitted on the at least one data line.

Abstract: An underwater imaging system includes an underwater imaging polarimeter that captures images of the water surface. The captured images are indicative of the captured light, and are equivalent to four-component Stokes vector S=(I,Q,U,V) data. Advantageously, the passive imaging technique of the present invention utilizes polarmetric data. In contrast, conventional optical remote sensing techniques rely on light amplitude and frequency to carry information about the scattering surface. The imaging technique of the present invention exploits these properties, as well as the polarization properties of light to sense information about the scattering media. The two-dimensional slope field of surface wave can be recovered from a distance without interfering with the fluid dynamics of the air or water. By employing the physics of light scattering by a specular surface, the geometry of the surface can be found by measuring the polarimetric properties of the reflected and/or refracted light.

Abstract: To transmit an anisochronic data stream on an isochronic transmission route with a plurality of channels over a transmission network, a number of channels is reserved by the transmitter before beginning the transmission, where the sum of the transmission capacities of the reserved channels just exceeds the bandwidth of the asynchronous data stream. During the course of transmission, the data of the anisochronic data stream are formed into packets; each packet is transmitted over the reserved channels. After a packet has been sent, unused portions of the reserved channels are filled with filler data that is discarded at the receiver, until sufficient data are again available at the transmitter to begin transmission of the next packet.

Abstract: Method for motion-vector-aided interpolation of a pixel of an intermediate image lying between two input images includes a first pixel being selected from a first field and a second pixel being selected from a second field using a first motion vector, and a third pixel being selected from the first field and a fourth pixel being selected from the second field using a second motion vector. Next, an interval specified by video information values of the first pixel and the second pixel or an interval specified by video information values of the third pixel and the fourth pixel is determined and the video information values are mixed such that the video information value of the pixel to be interpolated lies within this interval.

Abstract: A device can travel along a pipeline which has fluid flowing along the pipeline. The device is able to extract power from the fluid flow in the pipeline and to use that power to move the device along the pipeline against the fluid flow. The device is arranged in a series of coupled modules.

Abstract: A Viterbi decoder includes a computing device, a memory and a bus. The computing device receives sets of data values and calculates distances for the received sets of data values, accumulates and compares the calculated distances according to a Viterbi algorithm, decides data values and generates control signals dependent on a plurality of decisions associated with a plurality of paths. The memory stores the decided data values and provides at least one output value. The bus connects the computing device and the memory and is configured to convey the control signals to the path memory. The computing device or the memory shifts data strings in the memory according to conditions of the Viterbi algorithm with the control signals associated with the plurality of paths.

Abstract: A system for exchanging data includes at least two memory units, each unit functioning as both a transmitter and a receiver of data. The exchange of data occurs whenever at least two memory units are within a certain distance of each other. The user is thus capable of simultaneously being both a transmitter and a receiver of data, such that the transmitter can send data continuously but can receive data transmitted from other memory units only when the receiver is within a certain distance from a transmitter. As a result, data are received only by those memory units that are located in the immediate environment of the transmitter. Since the data transmitted can be selected personally by the user, the data thus reflects the preferences of the user acting as the transmitter.

Abstract: In a method for producing a sensor arrangement and the resulting sensor arrangement, a sensor is provided on or in a chip and the chip is covered with a protective cover, the cover being an interface between the sensor and the environment. An adhesive layer is provided between the chip and the protective cover, the adhesive layer alone or together with the protective cover being an interface between the sensor and the environment. The protective cover and/or the adhesive layer may have a channel formed therein, the channel functioning as the reception channel for a sensor. In an alternative embodiment, the protective cover placed on a wafer with several chips, and the wafer is cut up to produce the individual chips with the protective cover. Thus, a sensor arrangement may have the protective cover applied to the individual chip after the chip is cut from the wafer, or the protective cover may be applied to the wafer, and the wafer and cover are then cut up into the individual chips and corresponding covers.

Abstract: In order to suppress interference signals from adjacent TV channels, an intermediate frequency signal is demodulated with a signal (S(fBT; 0°)) at a video carrier frequency into an in-phase signal, and with a signal (S(fBT; 90°)) shifted in phase by a phase angle ?/2 relative to the signal (S(fBT; 0°)) and at a video carrier frequency into a quadrature signal, for example, by an I/Q demodulator. The in-phase signal is filtered by a first Hilbert filter of a Hilbert filter pair having an even symmetrical impulse response in order to obtain a Hilbert-filtered in-phase signal. The quadrature signal is filtered by a second Hilbert filter of the Hubert filter pair having an uneven symmetrical impulse response in order to obtain a Hilbert-filtered quadrature signal. The Hilbert-filtered quadrature signal is added, for example, by an adder to the Hilbert-filtered in-phase signal in order to obtain a video output signal.

Abstract: An end mill is provided having an axis of rotation, a shank section and a fluted section, each extending along the axis of rotation, and a plurality of helical teeth. The fluted section has a first end attached to the shank section and a second end. The plurality of helical teeth is disposed within the fluted section. Each helical tooth has a cutting edge, a relief surface, a cutting surface, and an edge preparation surface. The edge preparation surface is contiguous with the cutting edge of the respective tooth.

Abstract: In order to be able to reliably trigger an emergency call from a vehicle with a radio telephone (T), even in the case of a heavy crash or collision, an autonomous emergency call unit (N) is arranged in a position in the vehicle particularly well protected from damage by collision or crash. An emergency call is triggered, for example, by a gyro (K), provided as a crash detector, which activates the emergency call unit (N) in a mechanical manner, which then transmits an emergency call to the radio telephone (T) over a short radio path according to the bluetooth standard for example, which then further transmits the emergency call to an emergency call exchange (Z) over a radio path (F). The autonomous emergency call unit (N) is provided with a bluetooth transceiver unit (BE), a battery (BA), a gyro (K) and a GSM transceiver (GSM) which transmits an emergency call to the emergency call exchange (Z) should the radio telephone (T) be damaged or destroyed.

Abstract: An alcohol sensor having gas-sensitive layers made of polymers or inorganic oxides wherein a signal is read out by means of work function change which is produced in the form of a field-effect transistor.

Abstract: A rotary cutting tool with a longitudinal axis is provided that includes a shank portion, a cutting portion, and a plurality of chip-breaking features. The cutting portion, which extends out from the shank portion, includes a length, a plurality of blades and a plurality of flutes. The blades and flutes extend substantially all of the length of the cutting portion. Each blade includes a leading face side, a trailing face side, and a land surface that extends between the leading face side and the trailing face side. The plurality of chip-breaking features are disposed in the land surfaces of the blades, and non-uniformly distributed among the blades.