Abstract: A phase change composition including at least one crystalline polyester and at least one acrylate monomer. Examples of suitable crystalline polyesters include aliphatic crystalline polyesters and polylactones. A method of making the phase change composition, and a method for applying the phase change composition to a substrate.

Abstract: A planetary reduction gear apparatus has a sun gear having external teeth; planetary gears, each having external teeth and configured to be meshed with the sun gear; planetary shafts, each being a rotation shaft of the planetary gear; a ring gear having internal teeth and configured to be meshed with the planetary gears; and a planetary carrier including an annular base plate and an annular back plate. The planetary carrier supports the planetary shafts between the annular base plate and the annular back plate and determines a relative position between planetary gears. The annular base plate is integrally formed with one end of the planetary shaft to support the one end. The annular back plate supports the other end of the planetary shaft. At least one of the planetary shaft and the planetary carrier has lower stiffness in its part adjacent to the one end of the planetary shaft than stiffness of its part adjacent to the other end thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method maintain immersion fluid in the gap adjacent to the projection lens during the exchange of a work piece in a lithography machine. The apparatus and method include an optical assembly that projects an image onto a work piece and a stage assembly including a work piece table that supports the work piece adjacent to the optical assembly. An environmental system is provided to supply and remove an immersion fluid from the gap between the optical assembly and the work piece on the stage assembly. After exposure of the work piece is complete, an exchange system removes the work piece and replaces it with a second work piece. An immersion fluid containment system maintains the immersion liquid in the gap during removal of the first work piece and replacement with the second work piece.

Abstract: The invention provides an electronic component and a manufacturing method thereof that can achieve an improved adhesion strength when the electronic component is solder-mounted onto an external substrate and can thereby obtain considerably improved electric properties and reliabilities, etc. An electronic component, which is a capacitor 1, has: a circuit element 5a formed on a substrate 2; an electrode layer 5b connected to the circuit element 5a; passivation layers 6 and 8 that cover the electrode layer 5b; and terminal electrodes 9a and 9b connected to the electrode layer 5b via via-conductors Va and Vb formed through the passivation layers 6 and 8, the terminal electrodes 9a and 9b being formed to cover the side wall of the passivation layers 6 and 8.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a charging port, a charger, a motive power output device, a PLC processing unit, and a charging ECU. The charging port is configured so that a charging cable can be connected to the charging port. The PLC processing unit uses the charging port and the charging cable as a communication path for performing PLC-based communication with a PLC processing unit of a house. In the case where PLC-based communication has come to an end when external charging comes to an end, the charging ECU controls a relay of a CCID so that it is in OFF state and, in the case where PLC-based communication is continuing when external charging comes to an end, it maintains the relay of the CCID in ON state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a tooth, which comprises the steps of: positioning a first cell mass substantially comprising either one of amniotic mesenchymal cells or epithelial cells, and a second cell mass substantially comprising the other one in the inside of a support carrier while keeping them in close contact with each other without being mixed together; and culturing the first and second cell masses in the inside of the support carrier.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system for a feeding a sheet in a document reproduction machine. A feedbox is contained within a document reproduction machine. Within the feedbox, an elevator moves at least one sheet to the upper portion of the feedbox, to a stack height finger, for feeding the sheet into a feed device. At least one sensor, located at the upper portion of the feedbox, detects the location of the sheet. The location information is sent from the sensor to a data processing device. The data processing device sends information to an actuating device. The actuating device may cause one or more plungers to move through apertures in the elevator. The plungers will result in a substantially flat sheet. The sheet is then fed into the feed device.

Abstract: There is provided a lighting apparatus that is capable of accurately measuring the temperature of an optical member that transmits therethrough light emitted from a light source without blocking the optical path of the light.

Abstract: A solenoid valve apparatus includes a solenoid valve and a switching device that switches between a first state in which the working fluid in the pump chamber is discharged when the solenoid valve functions as a regulator valve and a second state in which discharge of the working fluid from the pump chamber is prohibited when the solenoid valve functions as the electromagnetic pump.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a light source; a driving signal generating unit that supplies a driving signal to the light source; a light amount measuring unit that measures the amount of light of the light source; and a light amount correcting unit that calculates as a light amount error a difference between a target light amount corresponding to a gray-scale value indicated by gray-scale data input from the outside and the amount of light measured by the light amount measuring unit, corrects a differential efficiency by an integrated value of a product of the light amount error and the gray-scale value, corrects a threshold value of the driving signal, and outputs to the driving signal generating unit a command signal for generating a driving signal having a differential efficiency and a threshold value after the correction.

Abstract: A boundary layer energizer (20) for energizing a boundary layer flow (33) over a surface (22), the boundary layer energizer (20) comprising one or more passages (24) terminating in one or more respective holes (26) provided on the surface (22), wherein the one or more passages (24) comprises at least one fin (25) configured so as to generate a vortex flow in the one or more passages (24) such that, when in use, a fluid emanating from the one or more passages (24) flows in a vortex.

Abstract: A near-field light generator includes: a waveguide; a clad layer having a penetrating opening and disposed on the waveguide; a plasmon generator accommodated in the opening; and a dielectric film interposed between the plasmon generator and each of the waveguide and the clad layer. In a method of manufacturing the near-field light generator, an initial clad layer is initially formed on the waveguide, and then the initial clad layer is taper-etched by RIE to form a recess that does not reach the top surface of the waveguide. Subsequently, the recess is etched by wet etching until the top surface of the waveguide is exposed in part. Next, the dielectric film is formed in the opening, and the plasmon generator is formed on the dielectric film.

Abstract: This thin film magnetic head has a magnetic read head and a magnetic write head each having respective end surfaces exposed to an ABS. The magnetic read head includes a magnetic reader including an end surface exposed to the ABS, first heat generator disposed on an opposite side of the magnetic reader from the ABS, and first temperature detector disposed closer to the ABS than the first heat generator is. The magnetic write head includes a magnetic pole having an end surface exposed to the ABS, second heat generator, and second temperature detector disposed closer to the ABS than the second heat generator is. The first heat generator and the first temperature detector adjust the protrusion of the magnetic read head, and the second heat generator and the second temperature detector adjust the protrusion of the magnetic write head.

Abstract: A carrier for carrying a power tool may include a tool bit holder supporting at least one tool bit and a tool bit restraint device that is capable of preventing the at least one tool bit from being dropped out of the tool bit holder. The tool bit restraint device includes a tool bit restraint member. The tool bit restraint member is arranged and constructed so as to substantially uniformly press the at least one tool bit, thereby restraining the at least one tool bit.

Abstract: In a delay circuit for inputting square waves, fluctuations in the amount of delay brought about by noise pulses present in input signals are reduced. A switch (SW3) is controlled by an output signal (Vdo) from a Schmitt comparator, and selects either an electric current source for supplying a charging current to a capacitor (Cst) or an electric current source for supplying a discharging current. A current supply from the selected electric current source is turned on/off by controlling switches (SW1, SW2) using an input signal (Vdi). The Schmitt comparator switches the level of Vdo in accordance with a voltage of Cst. The charging current is supplied to Cst when Vdi is H level at rising edge of Vdi, and the discharging current is supplied to Cst when Vdi is L level at trailing edge of Vdi.

Abstract: A degree of dispersion of a reducing agent added to an exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust gas purification apparatus is controlled. Before addition fuel is added, a valve opening Vd of a flow area changing valve is changed to generate pulsation of the exhaust gas, so that addition valve vicinity exhaust gas pressure Pg varies periodically. Addition timing TMad is controlled to synchronize with extremum arrival timing TMe. High or low dispersion type addition control adds fuel at timing (CP) when the addition valve vicinity exhaust gas pressure Pg becomes a maximum value Pgmax, at timing (TP) when at a minimum value Pgmin, or at both timings (CP, TP).

Abstract: A method for driving a discharge lamp that supplies an AC current to a discharge lamp having a first electrode and a second electrode so as to produce discharge and to cause the discharge lamp to emit light includes, during a steady operation in which the AC current is supplied to the discharge lamp, changing a difference between the absolute values of average current values for two polarities during one cycle of the AC current in accordance with a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a variable compression ratio mechanism able to change a mechanical compression ratio and a variable valve timing mechanism able to control the closing timing of an intake valve are provided. The mechanical compression ratio is held at a maximum mechanical compression ratio at the engine low load operation side and gradually made to decrease as the engine load increases at the engine high load operation side. The actual compression ratio is held nearly constant at the engine high load operation side and is made to decrease as the engine load decreases at the engine low load operation side.