Abstract: A semiconductor device having a superlattice structure, which comprises at least one unit structure including first and third semiconductor layers as quantum well layers, and a second semiconductor layer as a barrier layer, which are arranged alternately on each other is described. The first semiconductor layer has a higher impurity concentration than the third semiconductor layer and has a quantum energy level determined by its thickness. The third semiconductor layer is of a thickness having quantum energy levels, one of which is lower than that of the first semiconductor layer and the second of which is equal to or higher than that of the first semiconductor layer. The second semiconductor layer is of a thickness which allows electrons existing at the second quantum energy level of the third semiconductor layer to transfer easily from the third to the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Drainage mats with high compression resistance comprising two fabrics and grains fixedly arranged therebetween, wherein the grains are placed in one layer and are spaced a distance of at least 50% of the average grain size. One of the two fabrics is basically a filter layer, whereas the second fabric can be a filter layer or a tightly woven strip. In addition, a three-dimensional mat with positioning seats for the grains can be placed between the two fabrics. This drainage mat is suitable for constructing waste-dump bases.

Abstract: A lock nut of the present invention comprises a metal nut base body and a synthetic resin portion, an internally threaded portion having a diameter smaller than that of an internally threaded portion of the nut base body and extending therefrom being formed in a cap-like portion formed at one end of the nut base body. This lock nut can prevent the occurrence of looseness after the lock nut has been fastened.

Abstract: An anti-skid device for preventing slippage of a wheel is disclosed. The anti-skid device comprises a cylindrical expandable member disposed on a tread portion of a tire, and compressed fluid supplying means. The expandable member has anti-skid members implanted at a radially outer portion of the expandable member, and the expandable member is formed with a hole at a radially inner portion thereof. The compressed fluid supply means is connectable to the hole of the expandable member. The expandable member is expanded upon supply of compressed fluid into the hole, and is shrunk upon discharge of the compressed fluid therefrom.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes a plurality of poles disposed parallel side by side in a sealed enclosure (18) filled with SF6 insulating gas. The housing of each arc extinguishing chamber (22) comprises a metal shielding wall (52) designed to neutralize the influence of the magnetic stray fields of the neighbouring poles. The wall (52) can be made of conducting or ferromagnetic material, and enables correct entering of the arc favouring the expansion effect of the gas. Application: medium voltage electrical distribution substation. Refer to FIG. 1.

Abstract: A device for controlling engine torque in a vehicle which includes an engine and an automatic transmission, and for changing the engine torque during shifting of the automatic transmission by an engine torque change value determined in association with at least engine load. The device includes a detecting device for detecting at least one of intake air pressure, cooling water temperature of an engine, oil temperture of an engine, and oil temperature in a hydraulic control device of the automatic transmission; a determining device for determining the engine torque change value in further association with at least one of the intake air pressure, the cooling water temperature of the engine, the oil temperature of the engine, and the oil temperature in the hydraulic control device of the automatic transmission; and a changing device for changing engine torque during-shifting of the automatic transmission by the determined engine torque change value.

Abstract: A silicon nitride sintered member comprises a silicon nitride sintered body and a zirconia layer coated onto the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body. The zirconia layer is preferably coated onto the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body through plasma spraying. The zirconia-coated silicon nitride sintered member has both high strength at high temperatures and excellent heat insulating property.

Abstract: A waste melting apparatus includes a waste melting vessel placed in a furnace body made of nonmetallic material and an induction heating coil is provided around the furnace body. The waste melting vessel is made of conductive ceramic material such as C-SiC or C-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 so that the vessel itself generates heat by induction heating to melt waste in the vessel effectively and safely even within a temperature range of 1,300.degree.-1,600.degree. C. The furnace body may be provided with a vertically movable bottom plate for openably closing the bottom of the furnace body permitting the waste to be melted and solidified in the waste melting vessel in a batch-type system. Alternatively, the waste melting vessel may be provided with a melt discharge pipe at the bottom thereof and the discharge pipe downwardly extends through the bottom plate of the furnace body and thereby the waste can be continuously melted and discharged from the melting vessel into a container placed under the discharge pipe.

Abstract: A method of designing a cubic receptacle which determines the form of the receptacle in consideration of an internal capacity of the receptacle or an amount of material required for manufacturing the receptacle to prepare a two-dimensional pictorial image of the receptacle of which form is thus determined with a label being attached thereon to appraise the pictorial image thus obtained. To carry out the above design, a computer and various input/output units are used.In addition, a designing method particularly suitable for determining the form of a receptacle of body of revolution. Such a determination of the form is made using a coordinate input unit.Moreover, a technique is provided for representing a three-dimensional body in a two-dimensional manner, especially to a techique for representing a cubic receptacle on which a label is attached in a two-dimensional manner. In addition, a special algorithm is used for representing an impression of material quality of the receptacle.

Abstract: A laser-beam printer having a drum with a photoconductive surface, and an optical system which includes a laser source generating a laser beam and an optical deflector for deflecting the laser beam over a predetermined angular range. The photoconductive drum surface is scanned by a linear sweep of the laser beam and thereby given an electrostatic image pattern to be transferred onto a recording medium. The optical deflector includes a single substrate which has a waveguide formed therein for guiding the laser beam, and a deflector portion provided on the substrate for deflecting the laser beam which is propagated through the waveguide, so as to cause the laser beam to scan or sweep the photoconductive surface of the drum over the predetermined angular range.

Abstract: A dual-type damper device for damping vibration of a rotation axle, has a damper pulley including a boss portion joined to the rotation axle, a cylindrical portion located radially outwardly of the boss portion, and a connection portion connecting the boss portion and the cylindrical portion. A first damper-mass member is disposed radially outwardly of the cylindrical portion of the damper pulley, such that the first damper-mass member is spaced apart from, and concentric with, the cylindrical portion. A first resilient member is interposed between the cylindrical portion of the damper pulley and the first damper-mass member. A second damper-mass member has a cylindrical shape and is disposed concentrically in an inner space of the cylindrical portion of the damper pulley.

Abstract: A process for the production of benzofuran derivatives having the general formula, ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl, in particular of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl benzofuran-7-ol, starting from pyrocatechol ethers in one step operation.The process essentially consists of heating a solution of pyrocatechol ether in an inert organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst comprising metals of 3.degree. and 4.degree. group of the Periodic System in form of carboxylates or of modified zeolites.The products are known intermediates for the production of insecticides.

Abstract: A ceramic composition for an electronic circuit board, a hybrid integrated circuit, an integrated circuit package or a multilayer ceramic structure, consisting essentially of at least one electrically insulating glass, at least one organic binder, at least one inorganic peroxide, and at least one material selected from the group which consists of: a metal selected from the platinum group; a compound of the platinum group; a manganese oxide; and a cobalt oxide.

Abstract: There are disclosed a method of delivering pictorial image data per each color obtained by applying color resolution to a manuscript using a color scanner to a sublimation transfer printer to effect a transfer from a sublimation transfer sheet to an image-receiving sheet, thus to make a hard copy of a color image, and a device for implementing such a method. The image data comprises three primary data of cyan, magenta and yellow and black data calculated from the three primary data. Data obtained by applying color and gradation corrections to the four color data are delivered to the sublimation transfer printer. The sublimation transfer sheet is provided with a transfer ink layer of four colors of cyan, magenta, yellow and black. By the operation of the sublimation transfer printer, the ink of each transfer ink layer is transferred onto the image-receiving paper, thus to make a hard copy.

Abstract: In an actuator, a carriage coupled to an item to be displaced with a translatory movement comprises a follower element which defines contact surfaces engaged against the flanks of the thread of a micrometric screw. The contact surfaces co-operate with the thread of the screw only over a small angular portion thereof. The follower element of the carriage is held on the thread of the screw by resilient thrust means acting on the carriage so as to urge it pivotally about an axis (X--X) which is parallel to its direction of translatory movement, being prevented from moving in all the other degrees of freedom. The actuator is especially adapted for use in translator devices in which the level of precision is of the order of a micrometer.

Abstract: Waterborne nitrocellulose compositions comprising nitrocellulose, at least one active solvent for the nitrocellulose, a plasticizer, water and an anionic ammonium-containing surfactant which decomposes upon heating. The waterborne nitrocellulose compositions are useful as coating compositions for printed metal foils and as such exhibit advantageous properties including water resistance, surface mar resistance, a low coefficient of friction, high gloss and a high degree of clarity. The nitrocellulose compositions are also characterized by rewet capability and rapid forced drying.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an accident of electric wire lines a single light emitting element, a plurality of optical sensor heads arranged respectively to the lines to be observed, for modulating a light supplied form the light emitting element through a light transmission line in response to electric variations in the line, and a single light receiving element for receiving the synthetic light. Therefore, since the light transmission line is used instead of electric wires, the apparatus has good insulation characteristics and thus the apparatus is not affected by an electromagnetic induction from the electric wire lines. Moreover, since use is made of single light emitting element and single light receiving element, high S/N ratio is realized.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator having an active module formed by laminating a plurality of piezoelectric elements, in which the cross-sectional area of the element proximate the fixed end of the module is larger than that of the element proximate the movable end thereof. When the active module expands or contracts, the elements proximate the fixed end receive an inertial load of the elements proximate the movable end. Due to the above structure, a decrease in the inertial load can be realized, thereby preventing the elements near the fixed end from being damaged.

Abstract: The disclosed anticorrosive insulator has an insulator body with a shed radially extending from a central core thereof and a metal cap cemented to the core of the insulator body so as to cover the core. A gap of 2-10 mm is provided between the lower end of the metal cap and the upper surface of the shed. A recess may be formed on the lower end of the cementing agent layer between the metal cap and the core of the insulator body, which recess extends away from the upper surface of the shed.