Abstract: Polymers of excellent impact strength, reduced particle size, and enhanced proportions of fines are obtained in the bulk polymerization of a vinyl halide or mixture thereof with comonomer(s) in the presence of a high molecular weight polyolefin added to the polymerization mass upon conversion of 0 to about 20% by weight of monomer(s) to polymer, by removing from the polymerization mass during the thick paste state thereof sufficient vinyl halide to adjust the effective concentration of polyolefin to above about 3.5% based on vinyl halide. The resultant product which contains an enhanced proportion of fines and is devoid of massive agglomerates, requires less mechanical work in comminution or shorter heating in melting in subsequent conventional processing steps.

Abstract: Flame retardant nylon compositions having improved physical properties and excellent molding characteristics comprise a mixture of about 45 to about 70 weight percent of nylon 6 or nylon 66 or mixture thereof; about 15 to about 25 percent of nylon 612; about 2 to about 10 percent of iron oxide, antimony oxide or zinc oxide or mixture thereof; and about 10 to about 25 percent of bis(hexachlorocyclopentadieno)cyclooctane.

Abstract: Mixtures of vinyl halide-graft-polyolefin polymer compositions with a minor proportion of a monoalkenyl arene-hydrocarbon alkadiene block thermoplastic elastomer which are capable of being molded to impact-resistant articles exhibit enhancement of low temperature impact resistance on ageing.

Abstract: A process for the production of nuclear chlorinated alkylbenzenes comprises reacting xylene with chlorine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and a co-catalyst comprising a thianthrene compound or a mixture of thianthrene compounds characterized by the formula: ##STR1## where n is 0 to 1, and each X is independently hydrogen, an electron-withdrawing substituent or an electron-donating substituent with the proviso that the total number of electron-donating substituents is no more than four; the total number of electron-withdrawing substituents is at least one and no more than seven; no more than three electron-donating substituents are present at the peri-positions; and when no electron-donating substituents are present on the thianthrene nucleus, at least one electron-withdrawing substituent is present at a peri-position.The process is particularly useful in the preparation of 4-chloro-o-xylene and 4-chloro-m-xylene from o-xylene and m-xylene respectively.

Abstract: A composite bipolar electrode structure is described. The structure includes an anode face comprised of a layer of a platinum group metal, metal oxide, or mixtures thereof, deposited on a layer of a valve metal, preferably titanium, a cathode face comprised of a cathode material, suitably a ferrous material, and an intermediate layer of conductive, porous material, such as graphite, positioned to be in electrical contact between the valve metal layer and the cathode material layer. The electrode is assembled by applying a thin layer of a polymeric material on the interfaces of the porous intermediate layers and pressing the components with sufficient pressure to force the polymeric material into the interstices of the intermediate layers.

Abstract: Polymer blends having improved hydrolytic stability comprise, in admixture, (1) a linear aromatic polyester prepared from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a bisphenol, and (2) a cross-linked acrylate-methacrylate copolymer. The blends are useful in preparation of films and molded articles.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing foundry sand cores and molds, which comprises preforming a foundry sand mixture comprising sand, a vinyl acetate resin and an organic solvent for said resin and optionally a resin selected from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic resins and aromatic thermosetting resins, and thereafter removing said solvent from the preformed foundry sand mixture by evaporation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formula:R.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w' X.sub.p').sub.Zcomprises contacting compounds of the formula:R.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w X.sub.p).sub.Zin the liquid phase, with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of molybdenum chloride whereinAr is arylR is a substituent on the aryl nucleus selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkyl, and substituted alkoxy;n is 0 to 9;X is halogen atom other than fluorine;w is 0 to 2;p is 1 to 3;w' is 1 to 3, and is greater than w;p' is 0 to 2, and is less than p;w+p is 3;w'+p' is 3;Z is 1-10; andthe maximum value of n+Z is 10.

Abstract: A process is provided for treating waste liquor or waste water containing free phenols in excess of 10,000 ppm, harmful to aerobic bacteria present in the activated sludge for general purpose, comprising the steps of (1) reducing the phenol content to 100 ppm or less by means of solvent extraction or adsorption, (2) conditioning the waste water obtained in step (1) in a large conditioning tank to adjust the pH, temperature and BOD, (3) treating the waste water obtained in step (2) in an aerating tank by means of activated sludge for general purpose containing aerobic bacteria, and (4) separating the treated water from the sludge in a sedimentation tank. Preferably above 10 to 50 weight percent of the treated water is recycled to the conditioning step (2).

Abstract: A cathode busbar structure is provided for an electrolytic cell which can enable the electrolytic cell to be designed to operate as a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell at high current capacities of about 150,000 amperes and upward to about 200,00 amperes while maintaining high operating efficiencies while in normal or jumpered operation. These high current capacities provide for high production capacities which result in high production rates for given cell room floor areas and reduce capital investment and operating costs.

Abstract: An improved electrolytic cell comprises the combination of a wide electrode, or more closely spaced electrodes, to achieve a narrow gap between electrodes, the electrodes being of conventional, simple, non-adjustable construction, guide spacers separating the anode elements and cathode elements of the electrolytic cell, and a hard, dimensionally stable, diaphragm.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid from phosphorus pentasulfide and a lower alkanol through the use of a settling tube and a continuous process for the manufacture of dialkyl phosphorochloridothionate by chlorinating dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid with chlorine which has been diluted with an inert gas.

Abstract: A method of operating a heat storage-heat exchange system in a more efficient manner is described. The method comprises the steps of passing a heating fluid through a bed of heat storage medium to heat and create a hotter portion of the medium, passing a fluid to be heated through the medium counter-current to the heating fluid to create a cooler portion of the medium, and passing a fluid from within the system through an intermediate portion of the heat storage medium between the hotter and cooler portions to steepen the temperature gradient between the hotter portion and the cooler portion.

Abstract: A plastic disc brake piston is disclosed with a novel fluted inner core design, giving a piston with superior structural strength, crack resistance, and improved heat dissipation when used in disc brake assemblies.

Abstract: Microporous membrane materials suitable for electrolytic cell utilization are formed from the blend of particulate polytetrafluoroethylene, a dry pore forming particulate material, and an organic lubricant. The materials are milled and formed into a sheet, which is rolled to the desired thickness, sintered, and subjected to leaching of the pore forming materials.

Abstract: In the production of chlorine and caustic by the electrolytic decomposition of brine in a membrane cell, depleted anolyte is often recirculated, with salt resaturation. Chlorate build-up in this recirculating brine results from membrane inefficiencies, and has in the past required purging. It has now been found that a portion of the recirculating brine stream may be reacted with strong acid, such as HCl, to reduce the chlorate, resulting in production of additional chlorine, water, and salt. Such chlorine may be joined with the cell product, while the salt may be utilized in the resaturation of the remainder of the recirculating brine stream.

Abstract: An improved vinyl halide or vinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a copolymer can be obtained by polymerizing in contact with an aliphatic hydrocarbon olefin homopolymer, copolymer or terpolymer in a process of bulk polymerizing comprising single stage or two-stage bulk polymerization wherein high speed agitation is used during the first stage and low speed agitation is used in the second stage. By polymerizing in the presence of the olefin polymer or copolymer, reduced particle size, reduced lump formation, and lower melt viscosity and improved impact strength can be obtained in the resin product. Small amounts of the olefin polymer or copolymer are effective in providing particle size control, reducing lump formation and eliminating scale build-up. Larger amounts of olefin polymer increase impact strength, reduce melt viscosity and provide excellent mold release properties in the final product.

Abstract: Phenolic novolak resins are produced from acetophenone, particularly by-product acetophenone obtained from the cumene process for manufacturing phenol, by the process of (1) reacting acetophenone with an aldehyde under alkaline conditions, and (2) reacting the product of step (1) with a phenol under acidic conditions. Phenolic resole resins are produced by reacting the product of step (2) with an aldehyde under alkaline conditions. The acetophenone modified phenolic resins are useful as a molding material, a felting or batting binder, a grinding stone binder, a foundry sand binder and an adhesive for timbers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of transparent electroconductive coatings on a polymeric substrate comprises:(A) contacting said substrate with a solution of a phenol compound and a chlorinated aliphatic compound,(B) removing the phenol from the surface of the substrate,(C) subjecting the substrate to phosphorus sesquisulfide to deposit phosphorus sesquisulfide in the surface thereof,(D) contacting the phosphorus sesquisulfide treated surface with a solution of a metal salt or complex thereof to form a metal-phosphorus-sulfur coating thereon.

Abstract: An improved vinyl halide or vinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a comonomer can be obtained by polymerizing in contact with an aliphatic hydrocarbon olefin homopolymer, copolymer or terpolymer in a process of bulk polymerization comprising single stage or two-stage bulk polymerization wherein high speed agitation is used during the first stage and low speed agitation is used in the second stage. By polymerizing in the presence of the olefin polymer or copolymer, reduced particle size, reduced lump formation, and lower melt viscosity and improved impact strength can be obtained in the resin product. Small amounts of the olefin polymer or copolymer are effective in providing particle size control, reducing lump formation and eliminating scale build-up. Larger amounts of olefin polymer increase impact strength, reduce melt viscosity and provide excellent mold release properties in the final product.