Abstract: Both crystals and solutions containing alkali metal chlorates are continuously prepared by chemical followed by electrochemical steps whereby a reaction product comprising alkali metal chloride, chlorate and hypochlorite is prepared by mixing and chemically reacting an alkali metal hydroxide solution with chlorine under conditions which favor and promote the conversion of the alkali metal hypochlorite formed during the initial chemical reaction to alkali metal chlorate without the need for further dilution and acidification of the mixture during the chemical reaction. A portion of the chemical product is electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell to increase the concentration of chlorate for making sodium chlorate crystals and/or R-2 solution, and a portion of the chemical product is also recycled for further use in the chemical reaction with chlorine and alkali metal hydroxide for the continuous preparation of alkali metal chlorate.

Abstract: This invention relates to resin-coated sand compositions useful in the preparation of foundry sand cores and molds comprising sand, a solid novalac resin, a lubricant-containing solid resole resin, and optionally, hexamethylenetetramine in an amount of up to about 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of resin.

Abstract: An improved process for imparting durable flame retardancy to textile materials wherein said material is impregnated with a solution having a poly(hydroxyorgano) phosphonium cation content of from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight and having a pH of from about 2 to about 9, dried to a moisture content of from about 0 to about 8 percent, aerated by passing air through the dried material, cured by polymerizing the monomer on and in the cellulose material with exposure in an enclosed chamber to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia and thereafter contacting with water, the improvement comprising, impregnating said textile materials with a nitrogen containing material, contiguous with impregnation with the poly(hydroxyorgano) phosphonium cation containing solution, and, after contacting said material with said water, further exposing said material to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia.

Abstract: There is provided an improved process for the production of chlorine dioxide wherein an alkali metal chlorate a reducing agent, and a mineral acid are reacted in a vessel, and the salt crystals are separated from the generator crystal slurry.

Abstract: Polyvinyl halide or polyvinyl halide graft copolymers intimately mixed with a polyester derived mainly from an halogenated bicycloheptene carboxylic acid or anhydride such as chlorendic acid or anhydride and an alkylene glycol or alkylene oxide such as ethylene glycol or ethylene oxide are provided. The graft copolymers of the invention are obtained by polymerizing a vinyl halide in bulk in contact with an olefin polymer. The graft copolymer compositions of the invention have good clarity and provide improved processing characteristics and increased impact strength without reduction in heat distortion resulting from the addition of the polyester. The improved impact strength polyvinyl halide compositions of the invention can include blends of the polyester of the invention with modifying compounds, such as alkyl methacrylate-butadiene/styrene graft polymer impact modifiers and halogenated polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: An improved polyvinyl halide or a polyvinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a comonomer can be obtained by post polymerizing in a single stage or two-stage bulk process in contact with a base polymer, the same or different monomer as the monomer used to form the base polymer. Compositions produced by the process of the invention are useful in making films, coated fabrics and molded objects. The liquid phase post polymerization process of the invention is applicable to base polymers in powder form prepared by emulsion, suspension and bulk polymerization processes. The base polymer can be present in a polymerization mixture in which only a partial amount of monomer has been converted to base polymer such as in a two-stage polymerization process or the base polymer can be used in dry, solid form. Polymers of the invention have improved bulk density and reduced plasticizer uptake and can be used to prepare fabric coatings.

Abstract: A process for imparting flame retardant property to cellulosic containing materials comprising the steps;(1) treating the cellulosic containing material with a solution containing poly (hydroxy organo) phosphonium cation;(2) exposing the treated cellulosic material to an atmosphere containing ammonia to polymerize the phosphonium compound;(3) treating the cellulosic material containing the polymerized phosphonium compound with a solution containing a poly (hydroxy organo) phosphonium salt and a nitrogen containing compound copolymerizable with said phosphonium halide; and p1 (4) heat curing the phosphonium salt composition.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resins having improved fire retardant properties comprise a halogen-containing unsaturated polyester of a polycarboxylic compound and a polyhydric alcohol together with an additive mixture comprising iron or a compound of iron and at least one member of the group consisting of copper, a compound of copper, antimony and a compound of antimony. The unsaturated polyester resin may be copolymerized with an unsaturated monomer to prepare castings, laminated products, reinforced articles and the like having low burning rates, low smoke generation, and beneficial char formation in the presence of a flame.

Abstract: Fire retardant polymer compositions having improved smoke-retardance are prepared from:(1) a copolymerizable mixture of:(a) from about 50 to 80 weight percent of an .alpha.-,.beta.-, ethylenically unsaturated halogen-containing polyester of a polycarboxylic compound and a polyhydric alcohol, the polyester containing halogen in a proportion of greater than about 4 weight percent said halogen having been introduced subsequent to preparation of the polyester by esterification; and(b) from about 20 to about 50 weight percent of a mixture of unsaturated monomers comprising a vinylbenzene compound and an acrylic compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and esters of these acids, the weight ratio of vinylbenzene compound to acrylic compound being about 1:4 to 4:1; and(2) an effective fire retardant proportion of about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of a smoke inhibiting additive comprising at least 0.

Abstract: A method for economically producing a concentrated alkali metal hydroxide solution by electrolytic means is described. The method involves the tandem operation of diaphragm and membrane electrolytic cells. More particularly, the cell liquor from the diaphragm cell or cells is utilized in place of all or part of the water usually utilized in the catholyte compartment of the membrane cell or cells.

Abstract: A method for electrolytically producing a purified alkali metal hydroxide solution by electrolyzing an alkali halide solution in a membrane cell is described. The membrane cell includes at least one buffer compartment separating an anolyte and a catholyte compartment. The barrier separating the anolyte and the buffer compartment is a porous or permeable membrane. The membrane separating the catholyte compartment and the buffer compartment is a cation-active, hydrocarbon, preferably non-porous, membrane. A minor amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites, sulfides, oxalates, or mixtures thereof, is added to the electrolyte, preferably with the brine feed, to protect the membranes from hypohalites formed in the cell. Amounts of protective compounds between about 0.01 and about 2.0 percent by weight of electrolyte are found to be aptly suited to use.

Abstract: Polyhalobenzylic disulfooxonium compounds are produced by the reaction of aromatic methyl, halomethyl or hydroxymethyl substituents with sulfur trioxide. The disulfooxonium salts are readily converted to alcohols by hydrolysis to provide monomers for the production of fire resistant polymers and additives for polymers. Likewise, the disulfooxonium compounds of this invention present chemical intermediates for a wide range of useful products such as halogenated pesticides.

Abstract: An assembly of electrolyte compartment frames and a separating web for a filter press type of bipolar electrolytic apparatus includes gasketing material between the frames and the web near the ends of the web and a recess in such frames at an end of the web so that when the web differentially expands with respect to the electrolyte compartment frames it may move past the gasketing material and into the recess, thereby preventing distortion of the web and the frames and maintaining a liquid-tight seal between them.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a thianthrene compound which comprisesA. adding sulfur monochloride to an excess of a selected benzene compound in the presence of aluminum chloride and reacting to form a thianthrene compound: aluminum chloride complex in the reaction medium;B. treating the reaction medium with an alcohol to free the thianthrene compound from the complex and dissolve the aluminum chloride therein;C. separating the thianthrene compound from the reaction medium;Preferred benzene compounds include benzene and substituted benzene compounds, especially halobenzenes, alkylbenzenes, and the like having at least two adjacent ring positions unsubstituted.

Abstract: A separating web for use in an electrolytic apparatus having a plurality of cells containing anolyte and catholyte includes a pair of thin metal walls not in contact with each other, one of which is of a material, such as titanium, which is resistant to corrosion by and impermeable to such anolyte (which may be brine in an electrolytic cell used for the manufacture of chlorine and caustic or chlorate) and the other of which is of a material resistant to corrosion by and impermeable to such catholyte, which may be steel (which, although resistant to corrosion by the caustic catholyte of a cell for the manufacture of chlorine and caustic or chlorate, may allow the transmission of nascent hydrogen). The walls are separated from each other by a gas space, which may be vented for the escape of any molecular hydrogen formed therein from nascent hydrogen and the web is sealable in the electrolytic apparatus between adjacent cells thereof so as to separate such cells.

Abstract: Linear aromatic polyesters are produced by the melt polymerization process by mixing a bisphenol, a diaryl ester of a dicarboxylic acid and an oligomeric polyester comprised of an aliphatic glycol and a dicarboxylic acid and reacting the mixture in the presence of a transesterification catalyst.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for imparting durable flame retardancy to textile materials wherein said material is impregnated with a solution having a poly(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium cation content of from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight, dried to a moisture content of from about 0 to about 8 percent, aerated by passing air through the dried material, cured by polymerizing the monomer on and in the textile material with exposure in an enclosed chamber to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia and thereafter contacting with water, the improvement comprising, impregnating said material with said solution containing poly(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium cation having a pH of from about 2 to about 9, and after contacting said material with said water, further exposing said material to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia.

Abstract: An improved polyvinyl halide or a vinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a comonomer can be obtained by post polymerizing in a single stage or two-stage bulk process in contact with a base polymer, the same or different monomer as the monomer used to form the base polymer. Compositions produced by the process of the invention are useful in making films, coated fabrics and molded objects. The liquid phase post polymerization process of the invention is applicable to base polymers in powder form prepared by emulsion, suspension and bulk polymerization processes. The base polymer can be present in a polymerization mixture in which only a partial amount of monomer has been converted to base polymer such as in a two-stage polymerization process or the base polymer can be used in dry, solid form. Polymers of the invention have improved bulk density and reduced plasticizer uptake and can be used to prepare fabric coatings.

Abstract: An improved hollow bipolar electrode unit for use in an electrolytic cell is disclosed, comprising at least one connecting device within the hollow region of the electrode unit to provide mechanical support and electrical communication between the anode and cathode of such bipolar electrode.

Abstract: A process for the separation of 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde from an isomeric mixture of dichlorobenzaldehyde comprises dissolving the isomeric mixture in a water-immiscible organic solvent, contacting the solvent with an aqueous sodium bisulfite solution, separating the aqueous solution and recovering 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde from the organic solvent.