Abstract: A cassette tape recording and/or reproducing apparatus in which a single pinch lever pivotally supports a pair of pinch rollers corresponding to a pair of capstans rotatable in directions opposite to each other. A head operating member such as a head base or the like is movable in a first direction in response to a play lever or a movement of the play lever, and can be moved in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction so that the pair of pinch rollers are alternately urged against the pair of capstans. Tape guides and a head supporting portion are formed unitarily with the pinch lever at the position between the pair of pinch rollers, allowing the relationship between the pinch rollers, the tape guides and the head to be determined with ease, which becomes advantageous in forming the tape path. Further, the number of parts can be reduced.

Abstract: An image defect correcting circuit for a solid state imager arranged such that levels of output signals form respective pixels of a solid state image pickup element illuminated on its whole surface a light of uniform brightness are compared with a predetermined level, data indicative of a position of a pixel which outputs a signal of peculiar level is generated on the basis of a compared result, a video signal output from at least the pixel located at the position indicated by the position data is interpolated by using output signals of other pixels according to an interpolation processing and the output signals of the respective pixels and the video signal generated by the interpolation processing are selectively output on the basis of the position data.

Abstract: In this invention, a predetermined amount of data is given as one frame, and data having a predetermined format is recorded for each frame. A first area recording main data and a second area recording sub data are formed in each frame. Plural types of units each consisting of a plurality of frames are set, and a number of first units from a leading end of a recording medium and the numbers of other units from the leading end of the recording medium to a trailing end of the first units are recorded in the second area of a frame constituting the unit including the trailing end, thus facilitating a high-speed search operation.

Abstract: A digital audio tape recorder is used as a digital data storage recorder and digital signals containing main data and sub-data are recorded in separate areas in each track of a plurality of tracks formed on a recording medium, wherein a predetermined number of tracks constitute a group and a plurality of groups are recorded on the medium. In the sub-area an identification signal is further recorded which indicates whether or not main data recorded in the main areas of a given group is same as the main data recorded in the main areas of preceding and subsequent adjacent groups. When identical data is multiply written for a plurality of units, a division of the multiply written portions is detected, and signal processing is facilitated.

Abstract: Refrigerant flowing through each air conditioning unit of a multiple air conditioning system is respectively detected by a refrigerant flow sensor provided in each air conditioning unit and the degree of opening of a refrigerant flow control valve arranged in each air conditioning unit is controlled in response to the detection result of the corresponding refrigerant flow sensor to supply an appropriate amount of refrigerant to each air conditioning unit. The capacity of the compressor of a refrigerant supply unit of the multiple air conditioning system is controlled based on the detection result of each refrigerant flow sensor and the actual opening degree of each refrigerant flow control valve.

Abstract: A display apparatus having a screen, a light beam source for generating light beams, an optical modulator for modulating the light beams in accordance with image signals to be displayed, a scanning apparatus for generating scanning beams of the modulated light beams, a projection apparatus for projecting the scanning beams on the screen, a reference beam source for generating a reference beam to be supplied to the scanning apparatus, a circuit for deriving a scanning reference beam, a circuit for generating timing signals based on the derived scanning reference beams, and a circuit for controlling timings of the image signals to be supplied to the optical modulator.

Abstract: In an apparatus for recording or reproducing signals recorded in tracks on an optical disk, a plurality of main light beams and a plurality of auxiliary light beams are generated and directed so that each of the main light beams impinge on a separate one of the tracks on the optical disk and each of the auxiliary light beams impinge between the tracks, main read light beams, corresponding to the reflections of the main light beams from the disk, and auxiliary read light beams, corresponding to reflections of the auxiliary light beams from the disk, are directed to a photosensor assembly, and the photosensor assembly includes a plurality of sensors for separately sensing each of the main read light beams and the auxiliary read light beams. Each of the sensors is bifurcated to produce a pair of output signals for each sensor.

Abstract: A character recognition system which is improved in accuracy of integration for discrete characters. The system discriminate a component of any discrete character in accordance with a height-to-width ratio and a vertical extraction position of a rectangular area which is formed from a character row signal delivered to the system. Rectangular areas or character areas to be integrated are decided in accordance with an average character pitch of square or em characters.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a copy image forming section for forming a copy image on the basis of an original image under each of a plurality of image forming conditions including a plurality of magnification ratios, a first key for inputing the change of magnification ratio from first magnification ratio to second magnification ratio, a second key for inputing one of the image forming conditions and a microprocessor for setting the second magnification ratio to the magnification ratio in accordance with first changing ratio when only the first key is operated and for setting the second magnification ratio to the magnification ratio in accordance with second changing ratio different from the first changing ratio when both the first key and the second key are operated.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk in which the level of the surface of the data tracks and servo tracks is higher than that of the guardbands.

Abstract: A washing machine automatically executing steps of wash, rinse and dehydration includes a temperature sensor sensing the temperature of water contained in a rotatable tub so that a washing operation can be performed in accordance with the water temperature and the atmospheric temperature. The wash step control data including a wash period and intensity of the water stream is determined based on the water temperature sensed by the temperature sensor during the wash step. The dehydration step control data including a dehydrating period or the rotational speed of the tub is determined based on the water temperature sensed by the temperature sensor during the rinse step.

Abstract: A novel soft magnetic amorphous alloy thin film which, on account of the composition of the film consisting in a combination of a transition metal, a metalloid or semiconducting element, namely B, C or Si and an oxide derived from the starting material, is endowed with a comminuted and dispersed structure of a magnetic amorphous phase and a nonmagnetic amorphous phase. The soft magnetic amorphous alloy thin film may be applied to a magnetic head for short wavelength recording which is required to cope with high frequency characteristics and high coercivity of the recording medium.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recording digital data employing a DAT (digital audio tape recorder) adapted to record the data from a computer or the like in accordance with the DAT format, wherein a unit is formed of predetermined plural frames and a signal indicative of each frame number within a unit and a signal indicative of the last frame of the unit are recorded with each frame, whereby the length of the unit can be arbitrarily changed and accordingly signal processing is facilitated easily.

Abstract: Input data is sequentially and consecutively recorded in a series of unit recording areas (sectors) on the record medium, and when a defective area is detected, corresponding data is stored in a memory until either the recording of said input data is finished or the capacity of the memory is exceeded, and then the data stored in the memory is recorded in an alternate area of the record medium. Further, an identifying information indicative of kinds of input data is recorded in a particular recording area of the record medium, wherein upon reproducing, reproduction processing can be automatically switched to read the alternate area in response to the identifying information and detection of a defective area.

Abstract: An optical card recording apparatus comprises a card holding member (17) on which an optical card is loaded at a predetermined position, a driving device (12,14,15,16, 17G,22,24,25) for moving the card holding member (17) in relation to a fixed member, and a movement control device (45, 51) operative to control the driving device (12,14,15,16, 17G,22,24,25) so as to place the card holding member (17) at a reference position in relation to the fixed member and then to move the card holding member (17) from the reference position or a position at which the card holding member (17) reaches after moving from the reference position by a selected distance in a predetermined manner, so that record tracks are formed on the optical card in a predetermined arrangement by a light beam caused to be incident upon the optical card loaded on the card holding member (17).

Abstract: A method for thinning a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) layer on the backside of a wafer substrate is provided. The method involves spraying an etchant solution including NH.sub.4 OH and H.sub.2 O.sub.2, preferably in a 1:4 ratio, onto the GaAs layer as the wafer is rotated at approximately 2000 rpm. The etchant is sprayed through a plurality of spray nozzles. The process is capable of thinning a GaAs layer by about 500 .mu.m in approximately 14 to 18 minutes, depending on the etchant temperature and composition.

Abstract: A linear motor comprising first and second magnetic members with first and second magnets secured to and cooperating respectively with the first and second magnetic members to form first and second magnetic circuits each having a magnetic gap formed therein, first and second driving coils mounted for integral movement with each other along the magnetic gaps and each including a driving coil winding wound in such a manner as to partially extend perpendicularly across a magnetic field produced in the magnetic gap by the first or second magnet and a velocity detecting coil winding wound in an overlapping relationship with the driving coil winding, the velocity detecting coil windings of the first and second driving coils being wound and connected to each other such that voltages induced in the velocity detecting coil windings of the first and second driving coils by external magnetic fields from a common magnetic field other than the magnetic fields produced by the first and second magnets are cancelled by each

Abstract: A ventilator includes a fan ventilating a room, a human body detector for sensing presence or absence of a person or persons in each of a plurality of detection areas in the room, an air pollution sensor for sensing the level of air pollution in the room, a control circuit for varying a volume of air delivered by the fan in accordance with the number of detection areas for each of which the presence of a person or persons has been detected by the human body detector, and another circuit for adding a volume of air determined in accordance with the air pollution level sensed by the air pollution sensor to the volume of air determined in accordance with the detection result of the human body detector. The volume of air caused by the fan is automatically determined in accordance with the number of persons in the room and the level of air pollution in the room.

Abstract: In order to provide a compact carrying handle arrangement for a video camera which is not provided with carrying handle connections per se, the lower horizontally extending portion of an essentially C-shaped handle extends along the lower edge of the camera and is secured thereto by a screw which is threaded into the threaded bore provided for connecting the tripod. The vertical portion of the handle has a connection site which can operatively engage with a first battery mounting site provided on the rear of the camera. A second battery site is provided on the handle and is arranged to receive the battery. The second mounting site is electrically connected with the connection site so that power from the battery can be supplied to the camera via the first battery mounting site. The grip portion of the handle extends forward in a space relationship over the top of the camera.

Abstract: When display data are written into the terminal's display memory, the data indicative of the display coordinate are converted from the normalized values to the absolute values of the NTSC system or PAL system and are then written into the corresponding addresses of the display memory, so that regardless of the fact that the display is of the NTSC system or of the PAL system, the figure can be displayed with the correct aspect ratio. Further, when the coordinates are converted, the conversion is carried out such that the display resolution is regarded as the highest one, so that even if the resolution of the display is increased by increasing the capacity of the display memory, it is not necessary to change the conversion algorithm. For displays having less than full resolution capability, the display data is scaled by omitting some of the converted data when writing it into the display memory.