Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new and useful group of calcium, zinc and magnesium flocculating agents which may be beneficially utilized to treat and purify waste water and/or other waste liquids resulting from a variety of industrial processes. The general ion free formula of these inorganic flocculating agents is represented as follows:(Me.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.m.sup..cndot. (Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 Cl).sub.(m+z).sup..cndot. (MeO).sub.n.sup..cndot. (SiO.sub.2).sub.t.sup..cndot. (SO.sub.4).sub.yThese flocculating agents may also be represented by the theoretical formula of:Me.sub.n.sup.II Me.sub.o.sup.II Me.sub.m.sup.III (OH).sub.p (SiO.sub.2).sub.t.sup..cndot. (Aci).sub.z (SO.sub.4).sub.ywhere:(a) Me.sub.n.sup.II is selected from the divalent cationic group consisting of: (1) Ca.sup.2+, (2) Mg.sup.2+ and (3) Ca.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+ ;(b) Me.sub.o.sup.II is divalent cationic Fe.sup.2+ ;(c) Me.sub.m.sup.III is selected form the trivalent cationic group consisting of: (1) Al.sup.3+, (2) Fe.sup.3+ and (3) Al.sup.

Abstract: A method for the continuous operation of an electric steelmaking furnace, including preheating charge materials, charging and tapping while maintaining full electric power, and having good control over both quality and product chemistry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating molten metal in a bottom pour vessel through a pouring opening controlled by a slidable gate closure member. A dual concentric tuyere having a central conduit and an outer annular conduit is positioned in the pouring opening of the vessel. Treating material is injected into the molten metal through the central conduit of the tuyere and a coolant is passed through the outer annular conduit of the tuyere. After completion of the treatment, oxygen is blown through both the central conduit and the annular conduit to burn back the tuyere, opening the nozzle well for pouring.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating a reducing gas in a molten iron bath gasifier while simultaneously producing direct reduced iron oxide in an associated shaft furnace with the gas from the gasifier. The apparatus includes means for controlling the temperature of the reducing gas to the shaft furnace, means for cleaning, upgrading, and introducing spent top gas from the direct reduction furnace to the molten bath gasifier as a gaseous coolant to cool the reaction with the bath and reduce refractory wear within the gasifier.

Abstract: An automatic tracking system for tracking the sun on a path across the sky, comprising a reflector, a pre-programmed, automatic timed drive mechanism connected to the reflector for driving it on a given path, both ultraviolet and infrared sensors positioned on the reflector, means for comparing the amount of light detected by opposing sensors, and means for tilting the reflector about a horizontal and a vertical axis until the amount of light detected by each pair of sensors is equalized.

Abstract: Apparatus for the continuous making of steel in an electric steelmaking furnace, having a charge material preheater, continuous charging means, and means for removing refined steel without removing the furnace electrodes from operation, wherein charging and tapping are accomplished while maintaining full electric power, and allowing for good control over both product quality and product chemistry.

Abstract: A method for utilizing pentane and higher hydrocarbons in a shaft furnace direct reduction process without any special treatment and without any special reforming catalyst, and in particular a method for the reforming of such higher hydrocarbons in conjunction with the direct reduction of metallic oxides by cracking and partial reformation of such gases within the shaft furnace prior to stoichiometric reformation of the gases.

Abstract: A continuous casting mold for the casting of molten metals such as steel has a stainless steel insert within the top flange which is resistant to adherence of molten metal splash and spatter, as well as resistant to gouging from cleaning by an oxygen lance. The insert has a lubrication capability, and is held in place within the top flange by a retaining plate.

Abstract: A burner apparatus for introducing auxilliary heat into a furnace, particularly for metallurgical heating and melting.The apparatus includes a gland which fits into a wall of a furnace, a drum-like device which fits into a mating opening in the gland, a burner sleeve in the drum for receiving a burner such as an oxy-fuel burner and directing the burner flame into the interior of the furnace. The drum and the integral burner are rotatable about an axis. Rotation of the drum moves the burner into the operative position or into the standby position clear of the furnace. Provision is made for oscillating the drum and burner during the heating operation.

Abstract: Ores which include in combination iron oxide, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide are treated in a continuous shaft reduction furnace to selectively reduce nickel and cobalt to metallized form while leaving the iron oxide in the oxide form. Reacted top gas is recycled and mixed with partially combusted gasified fossil fuel in a combustion chamber to achieve the required concentration of reductants in the reducing gas. The cooling zone operates with a similar concentration of reductants in the cooling gas. Apparatus is also disclosed for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A briquet sheet from a briquetting machine is subjected to shearing forces to sever the longitudinal webs of the sheet and subsequently, to bending forces to fracture the remaining transverse webs. The separator apparatus includes a pair of shear rolls with alternate shear lands and smaller diameter idler rolls. The shear rolls are followed by a pair of lobed separator rolls.

Abstract: A method of making high quality reducing gas for the direct reduction of iron wherein natural gas and steam are passed through a steam reformer to form a high temperature reducing gas, followed by mixing the high temperature reducing gas with spent top gas from a direct reduction shaft furnace, then passing the mixture through a stoichiometric reformer to form a high quality reducing gas for introduction to the shaft furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating molten metal in a bottom pour vessel through a pouring opening controlled by a slidable gate closure member. A dual concentric tuyere having a central conduit and an outer annular conduit is positioned in the pouring opening of the vessel. Treating material is injected into the molten metal through the central conduit of the tuyere and a coolant is passed through the outer annular conduit of the tuyere. After completion of the treatment, oxygen is blown through both the central conduit and the annular conduit to burn back the tuyere, opening the nozzle well for pouring.

Abstract: A process for protecting oxygen injection nozzles and the surrounding refractory lining of a molten metal refining vessel having such oxygen injection nozzles beneath the bath surface. The injection nozzle comprises at least three concentric pipes, the central conduit thereof being connected to a source of oxygen, the outer annular conduits thereof each being supplied with a protective fluid, said protective fluid containing at least one hydroxyl compound or water or a mixture thereof. The protective hydroxyl compounds are selected from the gaseous or liquid alcohol group and preferably from the aliphatic alcohol group. Methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol are preferred alcohols.Apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: Oxygen is blown into an open hearth furnace beneath the surface of the molten metal through a jacketed tuyere, each tuyere angled toward the center of the furnace. A high volume of jacketing coolant is injected through two separate annular passageways around the oxygen to form a large skull around the tuyere. Apparatus is also disclosed for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Ores which include in combination iron oxide, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide are treated in a continuous shaft reduction furnace to selectively reduce nickel and cobalt to metallized form while leaving the iron oxide in the oxide form. Reacted top gas is recycled and mixed with partially combusted gasified fossil fuel in a combustion chamber to achieve the required concentration of reductants in the reducing gas. The cooling zone operates with a similar concentration of reductants in the cooling gas. Apparatus is also disclosed for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A process for the direct reduction of iron ore in a shaft furnace having an upper reducing zone and a lower cooling zone in which reducing gas is introduced to the furnace at the bottom of the reducing zone around the periphery of the furnace, exhausted reducing gas or top gas is removed from the top of the furnace, cleaned, mixed with additional hydrocarbons, and reinjected into the furnace below the reducing zone. The hot reducing gas is injected serially into different sectors of the cross-section of the furnace and at varying velocities to force upflowing cleaned top gas to change its flow path or its flow rate, or both, periodically. Apparatus for accomplishing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the direct reduction of iron in a shaft furnace using gas from the gasification of solid fossil fuel, such as coal, in which the fuel gas is desulfurized and upgraded in the shaft furnace and direct reduction of iron oxide is carried out in the same furnace. Clean export fuel can be produced by this method along with direct reduced iron. The apparatus includes means for controlling the temperature of the process gas entering the furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the dry collection of metallized fines from a direct reduction furnace cooling zone in which cooling gas removed from the cooling zone passes through a dust collector and the removed dust is cooled in a fluidized bed, the fluidizing gas being recirculated through an indirect cooler. The process is continuous and the fines are collected at a sufficiently low temperature for easy handling. The apparatus includes a hot gas cyclone in the cooling gas withdrawal line connected to a fluidized bed cooler, a conduit for withdrawing fluidizing gas from the fluidized bed cooler passes through a second cyclone dust collector then through an indirect cooler and returns to the fluidized bed cooler. Cool fines are withdrawn from the fluidized bed cooler into a collector.

Abstract: Apparatus for the direct reduction of iron oxide utilizing sulfur-containing gas such as coke oven gas for the process gas. Sulfur-containing gas is heated by indirect heat exchange and injected into the furnace above the reduction zone to transfer the sulfur to the hot burden. The apparatus includes an upper bustle zone for prereduction and sulfur transfer, a lower bustle zone for the final reduction of the burden to metallized iron, and means to recycle spent top gas through cooling zone as cooling gas.